跨文化交際案例討論課件

跨文化交際案例討論

鄧筠

跨文化交際案例討論WhatIsInterculturalCommunication?Interculturalcommunicationreferstotheexchangeofinformationbetweenindividualswhoareunalikeculturally.Interculturalcommunicationissometimesusedsynonymouslywithcross-culturalcommunication.Today,improvedtechnologiesofcommunicationandmorerapidmeansoftransportationhaveincreasedthelikelihoodofinterculturalcommunication.WhatIsInterculturalCommunic跨文化交際案例討論課件TheStudyofInterculturalCommunicationOriginIn1946,theU.S.CongresspassedtheForeignServiceAct(外交事務(wù)法案),whichestablishedtheForeignServiceInstitute(FSI,外交學(xué)院)intheU.S.DepartmentofState(美國國務(wù)院)toprovidepre-serviceandin-servicetrainingthroughoutthecareerofForeignServiceofficers,andothersincludingdevelopmenttechnicians.TheFSIwasstaffedmainlywithlinguistsandanthropologists,suchasEdwardT.Hall,GeorgeL.Trager,asitwasthoughtthattheproblemsofineffectivediplomatsstemmedmainlyfromtheneedtobeeducatedinthelanguageandcultureofthehostcountry.TheStudyofInterculturalComFounderEdwardT.Hall

(1914-2009)AnAmericananthropologistandcross-culturalresearcher.Duringthe1950sheworkedattheFSI,teachinginterculturalcommunicationskillstoforeignservicepersonnel,andwroteseveralinfluentialbooksondealingwithcross-culturalissues.EdwardT.Hallisconsideredafoundingfatherofinterculturalcommunicationasanacademicareaofstudy.Books:TheSilentLanguage(1959),TheHiddenDimension(1966),BeyondCulture(1976)FounderSeveralKeyConceptsinInterculturalCommunication

◎Heterophily(異質(zhì)性),isthedegreetowhichtwoormoreindividualswhocommunicateareunalike.

◎Homophily(同質(zhì)性),isthedegreetowhichtwoormoreindividualswhocommunicatearealike.

Mostcommunicationoccursbetweenhomophilousindividuals.Peoplefinditeasiertotalkwithsomeonelikethemselves.

Homophilouscommunicationismoreeffectivethanheterophilouscommunication.SeveralKeyConceptsinInterc跨文化交際案例討論課件◎Ingroup(內(nèi)部群體；我群),aningroupisacollectivitywithwhichanindividualidentifies.◎Outgroup(外部群體；他群),anoutgroupisacollectivitywithwhichanindividualdoesnotidentify.Aningroupexaltsitselfbyboastingaboutitsownwaysandlookswithcontemptonoutsiders,e.g.,KoreansrefertotheJapaneseas“dwarfs”,theJapanesecallKoreans“garlic-eaters.”Withoutthinking,anindividualtakesthevaluesoftheingroupasanidealandautomaticallyusesthemtojudgeotherlessfamiliarvaluesandbehaviours.◎Ingroup(內(nèi)部群體；我群),aningrou跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件

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Ethnocentrism(民族中心主義；民族優(yōu)越感),ethnocentrismisthedegreetowhichindividualsjudgeotherculturesasinferiortotheirownculture.TheconceptofethnocentrismcomesfromtwoGreekwords(ethos,peopleornation,andketro,center)whichmeanbeingcenteredonone’sculturalgroupandthusjudgingotherculturesbyone’sculturalvalues.Nooneisbornwithethnocentrism.Ithastobetaught.Ethnocentrismtendstobestrongestconcerningoutgroupsthataremostsociallydistantandmostunliketheingroup.◎Ethnocentrism(民族中心主義；民族優(yōu)越感跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Prejudice(偏見),isanunfoundedattitudetowardanoutgroupbasedonacomparisonwithone’sowningroup.Someprejudicesconsistoftheirrationalsuspicionorhatredofaparticulargrouporreligion.◎

Discrimination(歧視),istheprocessoftreatingindividualsunequallyonthebasisoftheirethnicity,gender,age,sexualorientation,orothercharacteristics.Prejudiceisanattitude,whilediscriminationisanaction.Whenanegativeattitudetowardanoutgroupistranslatedintoaction,theresultingbehavioriscalleddiscrimination.◎Prejudice(偏見),isanunfoun跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Stereotypes(刻板印象),aregeneralizationsaboutsomegroupofpeoplethatoversimplifyreality.Suchgeneralizationspreventaccurateperceptionofthequalitiesofunalikeothers.Prejudicedindividualsoftenthinkinstereotypes.◎

Thecontacttheoryofprejudice,individualswholackcloseinterpersonalcommunicationwithaparticularculturearemoreprejudicedtowardindividualswiththatculture.Withpersonalcontact,anindividualmaybecomelessprejudiced.跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Culturalrelativism(文化相對主義),istheviewthatallbeliefs,customs,andethicsarerelativetotheindividualwithinhis/herownsocialcontext.Inotherwords,“right”and“wrong”areculture-specific;whatisconsideredmoralinonesocietymaybeconsideredimmoralinanother;andsincenouniversalstandardofmoralityexists,noonehastherighttojudgeanothersociety’scustoms.Culturalrelativistsbelievethatallculturesareworthyintheirownrightandareofequalvalue.跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Xenophobia(仇外；外國人恐怖癥),referstotheattitudes,prejudicesandbehaviorthatreject,excludeandoftenvilifypersons,basedontheperceptionthattheyareoutsidersorforeignerstothecommunity,socieyornationalidentity.OriginallythewordxenophobiacomesfromtheGreekwordsxeno(thestranger,theguset)andphobos(fear).Xenophobiacanmanifestitselfinmanywaysinvolvingtherelationsandperceptionsofaningrouptowardsanoutgroup,includingafearoflosingidentity,suspicionofitsactivities,aggression,anddesiretoeliminateitspresencetosecureapresumedpurity.

◎Xenophobia(仇外；外國人恐怖癥),refe跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件

ProspectHeights,Illinois:WavelandPressInc.1998

FacialmovementsFacialmovements跨文化交際案例討論課件Typesofnonverbalcommunication（非言語交際）BODYMOVEMENTS(facialmovements,posture,gesture)SPACETIME(howorientationstowardtimecommunicate.)TOUCH(themeaningoftouchingbehaviorsandwhatcontactisacceptable.)VOICE(thenonverbalaspectsofvoice;howsomethingissaidratherthanwhatissaid.)ARTIFACTS(clothing,hairstyleandotherpersonalpossesions)PHYSICALAPPEARANCE

Typesofnonverbalcommunicati跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件Whyisnonverbalcommunicationsoimportant?Nonverbalcommunicationispresenteverywhere.Nonverbalcommunicationusuallycomesfirst.Nonverbalcommunicationisespeciallylikelytobetrusted.Nonverbalcommunicationcanleadtomisunderstanding,especiallywhenverbalmessagesaremissingorlimited.Nonverbalcommunicationisespeciallyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationsituations.WhyisnonverbalcommunicationCollectivisticculture(集體主義文化)isoneinwhichthecollectivity’sgoalsarevaluedoverthoseoftheindividual.Incontrast,anindividualisticculture(個人主義文化)isoneinwhichtheindividual’sgoalsarevaluedoverthoseofthecollectivity.Individualism-collectivismisperhapsthemostimportantdimensionofculturaldifferencesinbehavioracrosstheculturesoftheworld.Collectivisticculture(集體主義文化跨文化交際案例討論課件High-contextculture(高情境文化)isoneinwhichthemeaningsofcommunicationmessagearefoundinthesituationandintherelationshipsofthecommunicators,orareinternalizedinthecommunicators’beliefs,valuesandnorms.Thecommunicationcontextplaysanimportantpartintheinterpretationofacommunicationmessage.Collectivisticcultures,suchasAsianandLatino,areusuallyhigh-contextcultures.Theseculturesemphasizenonverbalcommunicationandsubtlenessincommunicationratherthanbeingfrank.Whatisnotsaidmaybemoreimportantthanwhatissaid.High-contextculture(高情境文化)iLow-contextculture(低情境文化)isoneinwhichthemeaningsofacommunicationmessagearestatedclearlyandexplicitly,withoutdependingonthecontextofthecommunicaionsituation.Examplesoflow-contextculturesareEuropeanAmerican,English,andothernorthernEuropeancountries.Conversationsinalow-contextcultureareclearandtothepoint.Low-contextculture(低情境文化)is跨文化交際案例討論課件AbuBakr:Mr.Brown!Howgoodtoseeyou.Brown:Nicetoseeyouagain,Hassan.AbuBakr:Tellme,howhaveyoubeen?Brown:Verywell,thankyou.Andyou?AbuBakr:Fine,fine.Allahbepraised.Brown:Ireallyappreciatedyouragreeingtoseemeaboutthesedistributionarrangements.Nowcouldwe…AbuBakr:Mypleasure.Sotellme,howwasyourtrip?Didyoucomedirectordidyouhaveastopover?Brown:Nostopoverthistime.I’monatightschedule.That’swhyI’msogratefulyoucouldseemeonsuchashortnotice.Soaboutthe…AbuBakr:Notatall.Howismygoodfriend,Mr.Wilson?Brown:Wilson？Oh,fine,fine.He’sbeenverybusywiththisdistributionproblemalso,whichiswhatweneedtodiscuss.AbuBakr:Youknow,youhavecomeatanexcellenttime.TomorrowistheProphet’sbirthday—blessingsandpeacebeuponHim—andwe’rehavingaspecialfeastatmyhome.I’dlikeyoutobeourguest.Brown:Thankyouverymuch.AbuBakr:Mr.Brown!HowgoodCulturalclash（文化沖突）istheconflictthatoccursbetweentwoormorecultureswhentheydisagreeaboutacertainvalue.Aculturalclashmayinvolvestronglyheldvalues,suchasthoseconcerningreligion.跨文化交際案例討論課件LiveanimalmarketLiveanimalmarketThe

Sudaneseteddybearblasphemycase

GillianGibbons,aBritishschoolteacher,leftLiverpool,EnglandinAugust2007toteachagroupofsixandsevenyearoldsatUnitySchoolinKhartoum,Sudan.On25November2007,Gibbonswasarrested,interrogatedandthenputinacellatalocalpolicestation.Ms.GibbonswasallegedtohaveinsultedIslambyallowingherclassofchildrentonameateddybear“Muhammad”.跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件Thestatedorimpliedpurposeofmostresearch,training,andteachinginthefieldofinterculturalcommunicationistoimprovetheinterculturalcompetence(跨文化能力)ofindividuals.Multiculturalism

(多元文化主義)istherecognitionthatseveraldifferentculturescanexistinthesameenvironmentandbenefiteachother.跨文化交際案例討論課件Howcananindividualbecomemoremulticultural?Communicatewithculturallyheterophilousothers.Workatunderstandingpeopleunlikeyourself.Empathizewithheterophilousotherssothatyoucanlookattheworldfromtheirpointofview.Capitalizeonthenaturalcuriositythatweallhaveinlearningaboutotherpeoplewhoaredifferentfromus.Understandyourself,particularlyyourdegreeofethnocentrism,prejudice,andstereotypingversusculturalrelativism,tolerance,andunderstanding.Recognizeandappreciatetheculturaldifferenceamongpeopleinyourenvironment.Benonjudgmentalofothersandtheirculturalvalues.Howcananindividualbecomem跨文化交際案例討論課件Assimilation(同化)isthedegreetowhichanindividualrelinquishesanoriginalcultureforanother.Whenindividualsareassimilatedintoamainstreamculture,theylosetheirpreviousculture.Theassimilationprocessmayoccurovertwoormoregenerations.Acculturation(涵化)istheprocessthroughwhichanindividualissocializedintoanewculturewhileretainingmanyaspectsofapreviousculture.Incontrasttoassimilation,theacculturatedindividualbecomesamixtureoftwoormorecultures.Acculturationinvolvesalesscompleteintegrationofanindividualintothehostculturethandoesassimilation.Assimilation(同化)isthedegre跨文化交際案例討論課件臺灣日據(jù)時期的老照片臺灣日據(jù)時期的老照片Sojourner(暫居者)Ansojournerisaninvidualwhovisitsanothercultureforaperiodoftimebutwhoretainshis/heroriginalculture.Thesojournertypicallyisavisitorortravelerwhoonlyresidesintheothercultureforarelativelyspecifictime,oftenayearortwo,withtheintentionofreturninghome.Sojournermaybebusinesspeople,diplomats,itaryperonnel,orguestworkers.Sojourningcouldbeaverydifficultprocess,especiallywhenanindividualissojourningforthefirsttime.Someindividualsperceivethesojourningexperienceasnegativeandpersonallypainful,atleastduringtheirsojourn.However,ifonehasthedesiretounderstandadifferentculture,sojourningcanbeanexcitingandwonderfuleventoncetheperiodofadjustmentpasses.Sojourningcanchangeone’slifebygivingafeelingofself-confidenceandself-efficacy,asenseofcontrollingone’slifeandovercomingdifficultsituations.Sojourner(暫居者)跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件

書面報告（任選一個，約1200漢字）1.由尼克松訪問巴西時的OK手勢所想到的。。。。。。2.關(guān)于中國的liveanimalmarket，本人是這么看的。。。。。。3.那只叫“Mohammad”的泰迪小熊所帶來的風(fēng)波。。。。。。4.在菲律賓做一個快樂的Sojourner，偶準備好了么。。。。。。書面報告（任選一個，約1200漢字）跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力テキストテキストテキストテキストクリックしてタイトルを入力テキストテキストテキストテキストテキストテキストテキストテキストクリックしてタイトルを入力テキストテキストテキストテキストクリックしてタイトルを入力テテキストを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力テキストを入力クリックしてタイトルを入力ご清聴ありがとうございましたご清聴ありがとうございましたテキストテキストタイトルクリックしてタイトルを入力テキストテキストタイトルテキストテキストタイトルクリックしてタイトルを入力テキストテキストタイトルクリックしてタイトルを入力テキストテ跨文化交際案例討論

鄧筠

跨文化交際案例討論WhatIsInterculturalCommunication?Interculturalcommunicationreferstotheexchangeofinformationbetweenindividualswhoareunalikeculturally.Interculturalcommunicationissometimesusedsynonymouslywithcross-culturalcommunication.Today,improvedtechnologiesofcommunicationandmorerapidmeansoftransportationhaveincreasedthelikelihoodofinterculturalcommunication.WhatIsInterculturalCommunic跨文化交際案例討論課件TheStudyofInterculturalCommunicationOriginIn1946,theU.S.CongresspassedtheForeignServiceAct(外交事務(wù)法案),whichestablishedtheForeignServiceInstitute(FSI,外交學(xué)院)intheU.S.DepartmentofState(美國國務(wù)院)toprovidepre-serviceandin-servicetrainingthroughoutthecareerofForeignServiceofficers,andothersincludingdevelopmenttechnicians.TheFSIwasstaffedmainlywithlinguistsandanthropologists,suchasEdwardT.Hall,GeorgeL.Trager,asitwasthoughtthattheproblemsofineffectivediplomatsstemmedmainlyfromtheneedtobeeducatedinthelanguageandcultureofthehostcountry.TheStudyofInterculturalComFounderEdwardT.Hall

(1914-2009)AnAmericananthropologistandcross-culturalresearcher.Duringthe1950sheworkedattheFSI,teachinginterculturalcommunicationskillstoforeignservicepersonnel,andwroteseveralinfluentialbooksondealingwithcross-culturalissues.EdwardT.Hallisconsideredafoundingfatherofinterculturalcommunicationasanacademicareaofstudy.Books:TheSilentLanguage(1959),TheHiddenDimension(1966),BeyondCulture(1976)FounderSeveralKeyConceptsinInterculturalCommunication

◎Heterophily(異質(zhì)性),isthedegreetowhichtwoormoreindividualswhocommunicateareunalike.

◎Homophily(同質(zhì)性),isthedegreetowhichtwoormoreindividualswhocommunicatearealike.

Mostcommunicationoccursbetweenhomophilousindividuals.Peoplefinditeasiertotalkwithsomeonelikethemselves.

Homophilouscommunicationismoreeffectivethanheterophilouscommunication.SeveralKeyConceptsinInterc跨文化交際案例討論課件◎Ingroup(內(nèi)部群體；我群),aningroupisacollectivitywithwhichanindividualidentifies.◎Outgroup(外部群體；他群),anoutgroupisacollectivitywithwhichanindividualdoesnotidentify.Aningroupexaltsitselfbyboastingaboutitsownwaysandlookswithcontemptonoutsiders,e.g.,KoreansrefertotheJapaneseas“dwarfs”,theJapanesecallKoreans“garlic-eaters.”Withoutthinking,anindividualtakesthevaluesoftheingroupasanidealandautomaticallyusesthemtojudgeotherlessfamiliarvaluesandbehaviours.◎Ingroup(內(nèi)部群體；我群),aningrou跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件

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Ethnocentrism(民族中心主義；民族優(yōu)越感),ethnocentrismisthedegreetowhichindividualsjudgeotherculturesasinferiortotheirownculture.TheconceptofethnocentrismcomesfromtwoGreekwords(ethos,peopleornation,andketro,center)whichmeanbeingcenteredonone’sculturalgroupandthusjudgingotherculturesbyone’sculturalvalues.Nooneisbornwithethnocentrism.Ithastobetaught.Ethnocentrismtendstobestrongestconcerningoutgroupsthataremostsociallydistantandmostunliketheingroup.◎Ethnocentrism(民族中心主義；民族優(yōu)越感跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Prejudice(偏見),isanunfoundedattitudetowardanoutgroupbasedonacomparisonwithone’sowningroup.Someprejudicesconsistoftheirrationalsuspicionorhatredofaparticulargrouporreligion.◎

Discrimination(歧視),istheprocessoftreatingindividualsunequallyonthebasisoftheirethnicity,gender,age,sexualorientation,orothercharacteristics.Prejudiceisanattitude,whilediscriminationisanaction.Whenanegativeattitudetowardanoutgroupistranslatedintoaction,theresultingbehavioriscalleddiscrimination.◎Prejudice(偏見),isanunfoun跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Stereotypes(刻板印象),aregeneralizationsaboutsomegroupofpeoplethatoversimplifyreality.Suchgeneralizationspreventaccurateperceptionofthequalitiesofunalikeothers.Prejudicedindividualsoftenthinkinstereotypes.◎

Thecontacttheoryofprejudice,individualswholackcloseinterpersonalcommunicationwithaparticularculturearemoreprejudicedtowardindividualswiththatculture.Withpersonalcontact,anindividualmaybecomelessprejudiced.跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Culturalrelativism(文化相對主義),istheviewthatallbeliefs,customs,andethicsarerelativetotheindividualwithinhis/herownsocialcontext.Inotherwords,“right”and“wrong”areculture-specific;whatisconsideredmoralinonesocietymaybeconsideredimmoralinanother;andsincenouniversalstandardofmoralityexists,noonehastherighttojudgeanothersociety’scustoms.Culturalrelativistsbelievethatallculturesareworthyintheirownrightandareofequalvalue.跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件◎

Xenophobia(仇外；外國人恐怖癥),referstotheattitudes,prejudicesandbehaviorthatreject,excludeandoftenvilifypersons,basedontheperceptionthattheyareoutsidersorforeignerstothecommunity,socieyornationalidentity.OriginallythewordxenophobiacomesfromtheGreekwordsxeno(thestranger,theguset)andphobos(fear).Xenophobiacanmanifestitselfinmanywaysinvolvingtherelationsandperceptionsofaningrouptowardsanoutgroup,includingafearoflosingidentity,suspicionofitsactivities,aggression,anddesiretoeliminateitspresencetosecureapresumedpurity.

◎Xenophobia(仇外；外國人恐怖癥),refe跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件

ProspectHeights,Illinois:WavelandPressInc.1998

FacialmovementsFacialmovements跨文化交際案例討論課件Typesofnonverbalcommunication（非言語交際）BODYMOVEMENTS(facialmovements,posture,gesture)SPACETIME(howorientationstowardtimecommunicate.)TOUCH(themeaningoftouchingbehaviorsandwhatcontactisacceptable.)VOICE(thenonverbalaspectsofvoice;howsomethingissaidratherthanwhatissaid.)ARTIFACTS(clothing,hairstyleandotherpersonalpossesions)PHYSICALAPPEARANCE

Typesofnonverbalcommunicati跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件Whyisnonverbalcommunicationsoimportant?Nonverbalcommunicationispresenteverywhere.Nonverbalcommunicationusuallycomesfirst.Nonverbalcommunicationisespeciallylikelytobetrusted.Nonverbalcommunicationcanleadtomisunderstanding,especiallywhenverbalmessagesaremissingorlimited.Nonverbalcommunicationisespeciallyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationsituations.WhyisnonverbalcommunicationCollectivisticculture(集體主義文化)isoneinwhichthecollectivity’sgoalsarevaluedoverthoseoftheindividual.Incontrast,anindividualisticculture(個人主義文化)isoneinwhichtheindividual’sgoalsarevaluedoverthoseofthecollectivity.Individualism-collectivismisperhapsthemostimportantdimensionofculturaldifferencesinbehavioracrosstheculturesoftheworld.Collectivisticculture(集體主義文化跨文化交際案例討論課件High-contextculture(高情境文化)isoneinwhichthemeaningsofcommunicationmessagearefoundinthesituationandintherelationshipsofthecommunicators,orareinternalizedinthecommunicators’beliefs,valuesandnorms.Thecommunicationcontextplaysanimportantpartintheinterpretationofacommunicationmessage.Collectivisticcultures,suchasAsianandLatino,areusuallyhigh-contextcultures.Theseculturesemphasizenonverbalcommunicationandsubtlenessincommunicationratherthanbeingfrank.Whatisnotsaidmaybemoreimportantthanwhatissaid.High-contextculture(高情境文化)iLow-contextculture(低情境文化)isoneinwhichthemeaningsofacommunicationmessagearestatedclearlyandexplicitly,withoutdependingonthecontextofthecommunicaionsituation.Examplesoflow-contextculturesareEuropeanAmerican,English,andothernorthernEuropeancountries.Conversationsinalow-contextcultureareclearandtothepoint.Low-contextculture(低情境文化)is跨文化交際案例討論課件AbuBakr:Mr.Brown!Howgoodtoseeyou.Brown:Nicetoseeyouagain,Hassan.AbuBakr:Tellme,howhaveyoubeen?Brown:Verywell,thankyou.Andyou?AbuBakr:Fine,fine.Allahbepraised.Brown:Ireallyappreciatedyouragreeingtoseemeaboutthesedistributionarrangements.Nowcouldwe…AbuBakr:Mypleasure.Sotellme,howwasyourtrip?Didyoucomedirectordidyouhaveastopover?Brown:Nostopoverthistime.I’monatightschedule.That’swhyI’msogratefulyoucouldseemeonsuchashortnotice.Soaboutthe…AbuBakr:Notatall.Howismygoodfriend,Mr.Wilson?Brown:Wilson？Oh,fine,fine.He’sbeenverybusywiththisdistributionproblemalso,whichiswhatweneedtodiscuss.AbuBakr:Youknow,youhavecomeatanexcellenttime.TomorrowistheProphet’sbirthday—blessingsandpeacebeuponHim—andwe’rehavingaspecialfeastatmyhome.I’dlikeyoutobeourguest.Brown:Thankyouverymuch.AbuBakr:Mr.Brown!HowgoodCulturalclash（文化沖突）istheconflictthatoccursbetweentwoormorecultureswhentheydisagreeaboutacertainvalue.Aculturalclashmayinvolvestronglyheldvalues,suchasthoseconcerningreligion.跨文化交際案例討論課件LiveanimalmarketLiveanimalmarketThe

Sudaneseteddybearblasphemycase

GillianGibbons,aBritishschoolteacher,leftLiverpool,EnglandinAugust2007toteachagroupofsixandsevenyearoldsatUnitySchoolinKhartoum,Sudan.On25November2007,Gibbonswasarrested,interrogatedandthenputinacellatalocalpolicestation.Ms.GibbonswasallegedtohaveinsultedIslambyallowingherclassofchildrentonameateddybear“Muhammad”.跨文化交際案例討論課件跨文化交際案例討論課件Thestatedorimpliedpurposeofmostresearch,training,andteachinginthefieldofinterculturalcommunicationistoimprovetheinterculturalcompetence(跨文化能力)ofindividuals.Multiculturalism

(多元文化主義)istherecognitionthatseveraldifferentculturescanexistinthesameenvironmentandbenefiteachother.跨文化交際案例討論課件Howcananindividualbecomemoremulticultural?Communicatewithculturallyheterophilousothers.Workatunderstandingpeopleunlikeyourself.Empathizewithheterophilousotherssothatyoucanlookattheworldfromtheirpointofview.Capitalizeonthenaturalcuriositythatweallhaveinlearningaboutotherpeoplewhoaredifferentfromus.Understandyourself,particularlyyourdegreeofethnocentrism,prejudice,andstereotypingversusculturalrelativism,tolerance,andunderstanding.Recognizeandappreciatetheculturaldifferenceamongpeopleinyourenvironment.Benonjudgmentalofothersand