語料庫(kù)研究方法概述課件

選題、設(shè)計(jì)與方法

Putitaltogether李文中中國(guó)外語教育研究中心2012選題、設(shè)計(jì)與方法

Putitaltogether李文中1語料庫(kù)不是人學(xué)的，正則表達(dá)式不是女人學(xué)的。語料庫(kù)不是人學(xué)的，2

Corpus-driven

isbasicallycorpusbased.

3Anycorpus-basedresearchisnecessarilydrivenbycorpusdata.Anycorpus-basedresearchisn4目標(biāo)：通過語料庫(kù)分析和研究：驗(yàn)證假設(shè)、直覺獲得新發(fā)現(xiàn)建立新的假設(shè)構(gòu)建新的理論驗(yàn)證已有的發(fā)現(xiàn)解決難題目標(biāo)：通過語料庫(kù)分析和研究：5創(chuàng)新：√新√√√√√√√√√√創(chuàng)新：√新√√√√√√√√√6基于語料庫(kù)方法是一種驗(yàn)證程序語料庫(kù)驅(qū)動(dòng)方法是一種發(fā)現(xiàn)程序語料庫(kù)研究方法概述課件7理?yè)?jù)：任何感知都是推斷Anyperceptionisbutinferencing.理?yè)?jù)：任何感知都是推斷8worldofrealityworldoftextEinsteinGulfUnbridgeableworldofworldofEinsteinGulf9眼耳鼻舌身意色聲香味觸法學(xué)問思辨行文本眼耳鼻舌身意色聲香味觸10基本步驟：確定題目提出問題確定總體和樣本選擇工具處理數(shù)據(jù)描述結(jié)果：分類、總結(jié)特征（description）解釋結(jié)果：觀察、描述、解釋（explanation）解讀結(jié)果：意義、價(jià)值、應(yīng)用（interpretation）基本步驟：11IdentifyingaproblemSomethingorphenomenon:outofexpectationIncongruentNeedasolutionpuzzlingIdentifyingaproblemSomethin12ReadingtobebetterinformedWhathasbeendoneascontributionWhathasbeenleftundoneWhathasbeendonewrongNevercountsomeoneelse’smoney.ReadingtobebetterinformedW13FormulatingresearchquestionsNaming:whatis…Classificatory:Howaretheyinterrelated(patterned)?Explanatory:towhatextentdotheyco-occur?Predictive:Whatwillhappenif…?Neveraskaquestiontowhichyoualreadyknowtheanswer；neverask'howto'questionFormulatingresearchquestions14FindingamethodPopulationSampleSamplingFindingamethodPopulation15P(population)S(Sample)R(Result)I(Interpretation)SamplingvalidityreliabilityValidityGeneralizabilityPSRISamplingreliabilityValidit16IFPSSRRITHEN IPIF17Descriptiveresearchsingletexttextvs.textpeoplevs.textDescriptiveresearch18ResearchquestionsHowmanydifferentwordformsareusedinthetext?Howmanyrunningwordsareused?Whatistheirdistribution?Towhatextentcanthelevelofdifficultyofthetextbecomputedonthebasisofthegradedwordlists?Howmanydifferentwordclassesareused?Whatisthenumberofeachwordclass?Researchquestions19MethodToanswerRQ1,generateawordlistofthegiventextandobserve:ThenumberoftypesThenumberoftokensthetype/tokenratio(TTR)Ifthetextisverylarge,standardizetheTTRthetypesandtheirfrequencycumulativepercentageMethod20ToanswerRQ2,computethewordlistagainstabatchofgradedwordlists,andobserve:HowmanytypesonLevel1,2,and3listsareusedinthetext?Andwhatistheirpercentage?Whatabouttheirtokens?Howmanytypesthatarenotonanylistareusedinthetext?Summarizetheirfeatures.ToanswerRQ2,computethewo21ToanswerRQ3,retrieveeachwordclassfromthePOStaggedtext,andsortthemonfrequencyindecreasingorderRetrieveallthenouns,verbs,andadjectivesSortthelistToanswerRQ3,retrieveeach22InstrumentsUseAntconc3.0togeneratethewordlist;UseRange

tocompareandcontrastthewordlistagainstabatchofgradedwordlists;UsePowerGreptoretrievethewordclassfromthePOStaggedtext;Instruments23ExplanatoryresearchinterrelationshipbetweenwordsIRbetweenphraseologiesIRbetweengenresExplanatoryresearch24Researchonrelationship:shapedirectionstrengthResearchonrelationship:25ResearchquestionsWhatarethewordsthatareuniquetothetextintermsofitssubjectmatter?Towhatextentarethesewordsrelatedtothesubject/topicofthetext?Whatpatternsofrelationshipsexistamongthekeywords?Researchquestions26MethodCompare&contrastthewordlist(oftheobservedtextorcorpus)againstthewordlistofthereferencetextorcorpus(larger);Observeandgroupthewordswithinaclassificationframework;Method27InstrumentsAntconc3.0OtherapplicationsLiteraryanalysisAutomaticsummarizationInstruments28ResearchonwordusesObjectives:Observethecollocatesofaword;Studyitspatternsofuses;Studyitsmeaningsassociatedwithitspatternsofuses;StudythesemanticprosodyofitsmeaningResearchonworduses29ResearchquestionsWhatwordscollocatewiththeSearchWord?Whatisthestrengthofthecollocability?WhatisthepatternoftheSW?Andwhatisitssemanticpreference?Whatisthesemanticprosodyofthepattern?Researchquestions30MethodSearchtheword(KW,SW,orNodeWord)asKWIC;Observeitscollocatesandtheirwordclasses;Observethemeaningthatisassociatedwiththepattern;Observeitssemanticprosody;Method31InstrumentsAntconc3.0ConcordanceSort:Level1,Level2,Level3FrequencycountCollocatesSortSortPOStagsInstruments32ResearchonchunksObjectives:Toretrievethemultiwordsequences;Toexaminetheinternalstructureofsuchsequences;Toobtainthesequencesuniquetoaspecifictext;Researchonchunks33ResearchquestionsWhatmultiwordsequences(intermsofn-gram)arefoundinthegiventext?Howarethesesequencesstructuredintermsoflexicalgrammaticalpattern?Howisthemessageconveyedassociatedwiththeoverallstructureofthesequences?Researchquestions34MethodSegmentthetextandgenerateabatchoflistsofmultiwordsequences(ofvariouslengths);Observethestructureoftheretrievedn-gramsandexaminetheirregularities;Studythesemanticandpragmaticfeatures;Method35InstrumentsKfngramWordsmithToolsv3.0PowerGrep3.5Instruments36ResearchonparalleltextsObjectives:Toobservehowthesourcetextwastranslatedintothetargettext;Toobservetheprobabilityofthetranslationunitsandcorrespondingunitsfoundinthetext;Tostudythedynamicsofthetranslationofagivencommunity;Researchonparalleltexts37ResearchquestionsWhattranslationunitscanbefoundintheparalleltexts?Whatcorrespondingunitscanbefoundinthetexts?Whatarethedistributionalfeaturesofthecorrespondingunitsoftheidenticalgenre;Researchquestions38MethodObservetheparalleltexts(orconstructthecorpora);Retrievetheunitsfocused;Examinethecontextofsuchunits;Observetheirpatterns;Method39InstrumentsParalleltextsParallelconcordancerCorrespondingunitsdatabaseInstruments40ContrastiveStudiesObjectives:todogenreanalysistodeterminethedifficultylevelofatexttoobservehowatextisbiasedagainstitsreadersintermsofeventpresentationandevaluationtocompareabatchofwordlistswiththegradedwordlistsContrastiveStudies41Researchquestions:Whatgenrefeaturescanbeidentifiedforaparticulargenretext,intermsoflexis,patterns,andtextualorganization?Howdifficultisatext?Isitaproperinputtextforthestudentsattheirpresentcompetence?Researchquestions:42Whatcontrastivefeaturesaredisplayedinthepointofview,tone,judgementofthetext?Howdothesefeaturesaffectthereaders?Howtodeterminethevocabularysizeorlexicaldensityofatext(abatchoftexts)?Whatcontrastivefeaturesare43Instruments:Keywordanalysis;concordanceanalysisWordlistcomparison&contrastCriticaldiscourseanalysisInstruments:44Othercorpus-driven,corpus-based,orcorpus-informedresearchUseofcorporainlanguageteachingContrastiveInterlanguageAnalysisMultiwordsequencesParalleltextsGenre®isteranalysisDiscourseanalysisLiteraryanalysisCognitivelinguisticstudiesOthercorpus-driven,corpus-ba45Wherethecorpusisstrong:SynchronicanddiachronicSyntagmaticandparadigmaticQualitativeandquantitativeEmpiricalandintuitiveProbability&CentralityWherethecorpusisweak:MentalprocessesPsychologicalrealityPossibilityabsenceWherethecorpusisstrong:46語料庫(kù)研究方法概述課件47選題、設(shè)計(jì)與方法

Putitaltogether李文中中國(guó)外語教育研究中心2012選題、設(shè)計(jì)與方法

Putitaltogether李文中48語料庫(kù)不是人學(xué)的，正則表達(dá)式不是女人學(xué)的。語料庫(kù)不是人學(xué)的，49

Corpus-driven

isbasicallycorpusbased.

50Anycorpus-basedresearchisnecessarilydrivenbycorpusdata.Anycorpus-basedresearchisn51目標(biāo)：通過語料庫(kù)分析和研究：驗(yàn)證假設(shè)、直覺獲得新發(fā)現(xiàn)建立新的假設(shè)構(gòu)建新的理論驗(yàn)證已有的發(fā)現(xiàn)解決難題目標(biāo)：通過語料庫(kù)分析和研究：52創(chuàng)新：√新√√√√√√√√√√創(chuàng)新：√新√√√√√√√√√53基于語料庫(kù)方法是一種驗(yàn)證程序語料庫(kù)驅(qū)動(dòng)方法是一種發(fā)現(xiàn)程序語料庫(kù)研究方法概述課件54理?yè)?jù)：任何感知都是推斷Anyperceptionisbutinferencing.理?yè)?jù)：任何感知都是推斷55worldofrealityworldoftextEinsteinGulfUnbridgeableworldofworldofEinsteinGulf56眼耳鼻舌身意色聲香味觸法學(xué)問思辨行文本眼耳鼻舌身意色聲香味觸57基本步驟：確定題目提出問題確定總體和樣本選擇工具處理數(shù)據(jù)描述結(jié)果：分類、總結(jié)特征（description）解釋結(jié)果：觀察、描述、解釋（explanation）解讀結(jié)果：意義、價(jià)值、應(yīng)用（interpretation）基本步驟：58IdentifyingaproblemSomethingorphenomenon:outofexpectationIncongruentNeedasolutionpuzzlingIdentifyingaproblemSomethin59ReadingtobebetterinformedWhathasbeendoneascontributionWhathasbeenleftundoneWhathasbeendonewrongNevercountsomeoneelse’smoney.ReadingtobebetterinformedW60FormulatingresearchquestionsNaming:whatis…Classificatory:Howaretheyinterrelated(patterned)?Explanatory:towhatextentdotheyco-occur?Predictive:Whatwillhappenif…?Neveraskaquestiontowhichyoualreadyknowtheanswer；neverask'howto'questionFormulatingresearchquestions61FindingamethodPopulationSampleSamplingFindingamethodPopulation62P(population)S(Sample)R(Result)I(Interpretation)SamplingvalidityreliabilityValidityGeneralizabilityPSRISamplingreliabilityValidit63IFPSSRRITHEN IPIF64Descriptiveresearchsingletexttextvs.textpeoplevs.textDescriptiveresearch65ResearchquestionsHowmanydifferentwordformsareusedinthetext?Howmanyrunningwordsareused?Whatistheirdistribution?Towhatextentcanthelevelofdifficultyofthetextbecomputedonthebasisofthegradedwordlists?Howmanydifferentwordclassesareused?Whatisthenumberofeachwordclass?Researchquestions66MethodToanswerRQ1,generateawordlistofthegiventextandobserve:ThenumberoftypesThenumberoftokensthetype/tokenratio(TTR)Ifthetextisverylarge,standardizetheTTRthetypesandtheirfrequencycumulativepercentageMethod67ToanswerRQ2,computethewordlistagainstabatchofgradedwordlists,andobserve:HowmanytypesonLevel1,2,and3listsareusedinthetext?Andwhatistheirpercentage?Whatabouttheirtokens?Howmanytypesthatarenotonanylistareusedinthetext?Summarizetheirfeatures.ToanswerRQ2,computethewo68ToanswerRQ3,retrieveeachwordclassfromthePOStaggedtext,andsortthemonfrequencyindecreasingorderRetrieveallthenouns,verbs,andadjectivesSortthelistToanswerRQ3,retrieveeach69InstrumentsUseAntconc3.0togeneratethewordlist;UseRange

tocompareandcontrastthewordlistagainstabatchofgradedwordlists;UsePowerGreptoretrievethewordclassfromthePOStaggedtext;Instruments70ExplanatoryresearchinterrelationshipbetweenwordsIRbetweenphraseologiesIRbetweengenresExplanatoryresearch71Researchonrelationship:shapedirectionstrengthResearchonrelationship:72ResearchquestionsWhatarethewordsthatareuniquetothetextintermsofitssubjectmatter?Towhatextentarethesewordsrelatedtothesubject/topicofthetext?Whatpatternsofrelationshipsexistamongthekeywords?Researchquestions73MethodCompare&contrastthewordlist(oftheobservedtextorcorpus)againstthewordlistofthereferencetextorcorpus(larger);Observeandgroupthewordswithinaclassificationframework;Method74InstrumentsAntconc3.0OtherapplicationsLiteraryanalysisAutomaticsummarizationInstruments75ResearchonwordusesObjectives:Observethecollocatesofaword;Studyitspatternsofuses;Studyitsmeaningsassociatedwithitspatternsofuses;StudythesemanticprosodyofitsmeaningResearchonworduses76ResearchquestionsWhatwordscollocatewiththeSearchWord?Whatisthestrengthofthecollocability?WhatisthepatternoftheSW?Andwhatisitssemanticpreference?Whatisthesemanticprosodyofthepattern?Researchquestions77MethodSearchtheword(KW,SW,orNodeWord)asKWIC;Observeitscollocatesandtheirwordclasses;Observethemeaningthatisassociatedwiththepattern;Observeitssemanticprosody;Method78InstrumentsAntconc3.0ConcordanceSort:Level1,Level2,Level3FrequencycountCollocatesSortSortPOStagsInstruments79ResearchonchunksObjectives:Toretrievethemultiwordsequences;Toexaminetheinternalstructureofsuchsequences;Toobtainthesequencesuniquetoaspecifictext;Researchonchunks80ResearchquestionsWhatmultiwordsequences(intermsofn-gram)arefoundinthegiventext?Howarethesesequencesstructuredintermsoflexicalgrammaticalpattern?Howisthemessageconveyedassociatedwiththeoverallstructureofthesequences?Researchquestions81MethodSegmentthetextandgenerateabatchoflistsofmultiwordsequences(ofvariouslengths);Observethestructureoftheretrievedn-gramsandexaminetheirregularities;Studythesemanticandpragmaticfeatures;Method82InstrumentsKfngramWordsmithToolsv3.0PowerGrep3.5Instruments83ResearchonparalleltextsObjectives:Toobservehowthesourcetextwastranslatedintothetargettext;Toobservetheprobabilityofthetranslationunitsandcorrespondingunitsfoundinthetext;Tostudythedynamicsofthetranslationofagivencommunity;Researchonparalleltexts84ResearchquestionsWhattranslationunitscanbefoundintheparalleltexts?Whatcorrespondingunitscanbefoundinthetexts?Whatarethedistributionalfeaturesofthecorrespondingunitsoftheidenticalgenre;Researchquestions85MethodObservetheparalleltexts(orconstructthecorpora);Retrievetheunitsfocused;Examinethecontextofsuchunits;Observetheirpatterns;Method86InstrumentsParalleltextsParallelconcordancer