專業(yè)課-跨文化交際課程材料英exerxise

Non-verbalStudythefollowingcase(fromQshima&Hogue,1983)andtrytoexplainthedifferencesbetweentwocultures.WhilelecturingtohispoetryclassatAinShamsUniversityinCairo,aBritishprofessorbecamesorelaxedthatheleanedbackinhischairandrevealedthebottomofhisfoottotheastonishedclass.ThenextdaytheCarionewspapercarriedheadlinesaboutthestudentdemonstrationthatresulted,andtheydenouncedBritisharroganceanddemandedthattheprofessorbesenthome.Peopleindifferentcultureshavedifferentcustomsconcerningtheuseoftime.Readthefollowingcase(fromTomalin&Stempleski,1998)anddiscusswhyJanewasnothappy.Jane,anAmericanteacherintheUS,hadjuststartedteachingEnglishtoagroupofJapanesestudents.Shewantedtogettoknowthestudentsmoreformally,sosheinvitedthemtoherhouseforaparty.Thestudentsallarrivedtogetheratexactly8:00p.m.Theyseemedtoenjoytheparty:theydanced,sang,andatemostofthefood.Atabout10:00p.m.,oneofthestudentssaidtotheteacher,“Ithinkit’stimeformetoleave.Thankyouverymuchfortheparty.”Thenalltheotherstudentsgotuptogo,andallleftatthesametime.JanedecidedshewouldneverinvitethemC．BillistheManagingDirectorofanAmericancompanyinChina.Recently,GangWang,onetheChinesemanagersmadeamistakeatworkthatcausedsomefinancialloss.Hewasveryupsetaboutwhathadhappened,andcametoBill’sofficetomakeaformalapology.Enteringtheoffice,hesdbeforespeaking.“Bill,I’vebeenfeelingterriblysorryfortheloss.Iamheretomakeasincereapologyandpromisethatitwillneverhappenagain,”hesaid,wearingthesallthetime.ButBillfoundithardtoaccepttheapologyandlookingathim,asked,“Areyousure?”GangWanggaveagoodyeswhilesmiling.Still,Billdidnotaccepthisapologyandsaidangrily,“Youdon’tlooksorryatall.Ifyou’rereallysorry,howcanyoustills GangWang’sfaceturnedquitered,standingthereD.Guihua,aChinesestudent,andJenny,anAmericanstudentstudyingChineseinChinawereontheirwaytothedepartmentstore.Astheygottothestore,theysawayoungboywalkingdownaflightofstairs.Inhishurry,theboymissedthelasttwosteps,andfellontheground.Hestrugglestogetbacktohisfeetwhilepeoplearoundhimlaughed.Luckily,heseemedtobeOK.JennywasworriedbutfoundGuihuasmilingalittle.Curiously,sheasked,“Howcouldpeoplelaughwhenhefelllikethat?Whydidn’ttheycomeupandaskhimwhetherhewashurt?”Guihuasaid,“Theyknewhewasn’thurttoomuch.”Still,Jennycouldn’tunderstand.Shesaid.“Afallisafall.Inmyculture,peoplewoulddoanythingbutlaugh!”Readthestory(from，，1989)anddiscussinsmallgroupswhethertheprincipal’sjudgmentiscorrect,andwhy.Next,thinkhowChinesepeoplehaveeyecontactinAteenagePuertoRicangirlinaNewYorkhighschoolwastakenwithanumberofothergirlstotheprincipalforedsmoking.Althoughtherewasnoproofofanywrongngandalthoughshehadagoodrecord,theprincipaldecideshewasguilty edher.“Theresomethingslyandsuspiciousabouther,”hesaidinhisreport.“Shejustwouldn’tmeetmyeye.Shewouldn’tlookatme.”Workinsmallgroupsandfindoutwhatmessagessandlaughterusuallyconvey.Studythefollowingthreecasesandexplainwhythepeopleineachcasesdorlaughed.InaChineseclassroomagirlwasaskedtoansweraquestion.Shestoodupandsd,withoutmakinganysound.WhenanAmericanisparkinghisbicycleandthebicycleaccidentallyfallsover,hefeelsembarrassedathisawkwardness,andisquiteangeredandhumiliatedwhenChineseonlookersInthediningroom,whenanAmericandropsaplatequitebyaccidentandfeelsbad,andChineseonlookerslaugh,compoundinghis fortandcausingangerandbadfeelingDiscussinsmallgroupswhetherthefollowingphenomenaareacceptableinChinaandinotherpartsoftheworld:Handholdingbetweenmembersofthesamesexandbetweenmembersofdifferentsexesinpublic;kissing,huggingandembracinginpublic;andfondlingotherpeople’sbabiesandsmallchildren.Sincesilencecansendmessages,itshouldbepaidadequateattentiontowhencommunicating.Discusswhysilenceshouldnotbeneglectedincommunication.Whatmessagescansilenceconvey?DoChineseaudiencesusuallyaskquestionsafteralecture?Whatisthemeaningofrenao(熱鬧)intheChineseculture?Readingthefollowingpassageabouttime(byAldousHuxley,1894—1963,takenfrom仲，高一虹，1997andanswerthequestionsTime,asweknowit,isaveryrecentinvention.ThemoderntimesenseishardlyolderthantheUnitedStates.Itisabyproductofindustrialism…Timeisourtyrant.Wearechronicallyawareofthemovingminutehand,evenofthemovingsecondhand.Wehavetobe.Therearetrainstobecaught,clockstobepunched,taskstobedoneinspecifiedperiods,recordstobebrokenbyfractionsofasecond,machinesthatsetthepaceandhavetobekeptupwith.Ourconsciousnessofthesmallestunitsoftimeisnowacute.Tous,forexample,themoment8:17a.m.meanssomething—somethingveryimportant,ifithappenstobethestartingtimeofourdailytrain.Toourancestors,suchanoddeccentricinstantaswithoutsignificance—didnotevenexist.Ininventingthe otive,WattandStephensonwerepartinventorsoftime.Anothertime—emphasizingentityisthefactoryanditsdependent,theoffice.Factoriesexistforthepurposeofgettingcertaintiesofgoodsmadeinacertaintime.Theoldartisanworkedasitsuitedhim;withtheresultthatconsumersgenerallyhadtowaitforthegoodstheyhadorderedfromhim.Thefactoryisadeviceformakingworkmenhurry.Themachinerevolvessoofteneachminute;somanymovementshavetobemade,somanypiecesproducedeachhour.Result:thefactoryworker(andthesameistrueoftheofficeworker)iscompelledtoknowtimeinitssmallestfractions.InthehandworkagetherewasnosuchcompulsiontobeawareofminutesandOurawarenessoftimehasreachedsuchapitchofintensitythatwesufferacuywheneverourtravelstakeusintosomecorneroftheworldwherepeoplearenotinterestedinminutesandseconds.TheunpunctualityoftheOrient,forexample,isappallingtothosewhocomefreshlyfromalandoffixedmealtimesandregulartrainservices.ForamodernAmericanorEnglishman,waitingisapsychologicaltorture.Annacceptstheblankhourswithresignation,evenwithsatisfaction.Hehasnotlostthefineartofngnothing.Ournotionoftimeasacollectionofminutes,eachofwhichmustbefilledwithsomebusinessoramusement,iswhollyalientotheOriental,justasitwaswhollyalientotheGreek.Forthemanwholivesinapre-industrialworld,timemovesataslowandeasypace;hedoesnotcareabouteachminute,forthegoodreasonthathehasnotbeenmadeconsciousoftheexistenceofminute.WheredidthewesterntimesensecomefromaccordingtotheAccordingtoHuxley,what’sthedifferenceinthetimesenseoftheEastandtheWest?DoyouWhydidtheauthorsaythatWattandStephensonwerepartinventorsofDoyouthinkthattheChinesepeople’stimesensehaschanged?Ifyes,whatarethemanifestationsandwhy?Compareyourchoiceswithothersandseeifthereareanyindividualdifferences.Discusswhateffectssuchdifferencesmayhaveuponyourinteractionwitheachother.Ifyouwereinvitedtoanotherfamily’shousefordinnerwhenwouldyouJustonAfewminutesbeforethescheduled10minutes20minutesHalfanhourHowlongwouldyouhavetowaitinalineinthepostofficebeforeyoubecame5101520HalfanHowlongdoyouthinkapartyatwhichdinnerisservedshould1to23hoursor4hoursor5hoursorAslongaspeopleinvolvedIfyouwerehavingapartyinyourclass,howmanydaysinadvancewouldyouinviteyourteachersorstudentsfromanothercollege?JustonthedayoftheOnedayinSeveraldaysinMorethanonweekinThreeorfourweeksinWhenfirstmeetinga ertoyourclassorafriend’sparents,anappropriateamountoftimetotalkwiththemwouldbe51020Halfan1hourorIfyouhadanappointmentwithaprofessorat8:00andarrivedat8:45,howwouldtheprofessorreact?Hewouldn’tHewouldrefusetotalkwithHewouldexcuseyouifyouhadHewouldconsideryouHewouldbeVisitingafriendcanbefulloffunandenjoyment,butsometimesyouneedtobeveryconsideratenottowearoutyour e.Readthefollowingcaseandthinkoverthequestionsfollowingit.MagidwasanArabianworkinginacompanyintheU.S.A.OneSundaymorninghewashomeanddidn’thavemuchtodo.Hethoughtofhisgoodfriend,Jock,anAmerican,whoheusedtostudywith.Theyhadnotseeneachotherforalongtimethoughtheylivedinthesamecity.AndhehadtoldJockthathewouldcomeandvisithimlongbefore.NowthisSundaymorningseemedlikeawonderfultimeforhimtofulfillhisvisit.WithoutinformingJockofhisvisit,MagidwenttoJock’shouseandrangthedoorbell.Atthe