新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程2-Unit1

UnitlSectionATime-ConsciousAmericansDetailedstudyoftheTextAmericansbelievenoonestandsstill.(Para.1)Meaning:Americansbelievenoonekeepsmotionless;everyonemoves.一Here“stand“means“keeporstayinaparticularpositionorstate^.Inthissense,“stand“isfollowedbyadjectives.Moreexamples:Theroomstandsidle.這房間閑置著。Standfirm-donletthemtellyouwhattodo.要堅定，不要讓他們對你指手畫腳。Theystandopposedtothenewlaw.他們反對這項新法律。???youarefallingbehind.(Para.1)★fallbehind:movemoreslowlythanotherpeoplesothatoneisbehindthem,fallbehindinscience在科學(xué)方面落后fallbehindone,scompetitors落后于競爭對手。Thestudenthasbeenworkinghardforfearthatheshuoldfallbehind.這個學(xué)生一直很努力，唯恐落后。Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching.experimentingandexploring.(Para.1)Meaning:ThiswayofthinkinganddoingthingscausesAmericanstodevotetheirtimeandennergytoresearching,experimentingandexploring.resultin:makesomethinghappen:causeActingbeforethinkingalwaysresultsinfailure.做事不事先考慮總會導(dǎo)致失敗。Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.這場事故造成兩人死亡。★compare:resultfrom:becausedbysomethingthathashappenedpreviouslyNothinghasresultedfromhisefforts.他的努力終成泡影。Thechild'sillnessresultedfromeatinguncleanfood.孩子生病是由于吃了不干凈的事物。TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.(Para.1)Meaning:Americansusetwothingswithgreatcare(or:Americansneverwastetwothings):Oneistimeandtheotherislabor.一Noticeherewehaveaspecialtypeofadverbialclause:"theotherbeinglaborn.Thestructureis:subject-V-ing(or:V-ed).Thistypeofclausecanalsobeputatthebeginningofthewholesentence.Nofurtherdiscussionsarising,themeetingwasbroughttoanend.沒有作進(jìn)一步討論，會議就結(jié)束了。Lunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesittingroom.吃完午飯，所有客人都回到了起居室。Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock…(Para.2)人的生命是有限的，而其對生命的熱情是無限的。befinite/onespassionforlife/beinfiniteOneslifeisfinitewhereasonespassionforlifeisinfinite.Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapsejtseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant,notworthyofproperrespect.(Para.8)Meaning:Iftheydon,tspendsometimedealingwithacertaintask,itwillgivetheimpression,intheiropinion,thatthetaskbeingconsideredisornotproperlyrespected.elapse:vz.(oftime)passFivedayselapsed,andthepatient'sconditionhadnoimprovement.五天過去了，但病人情況不見好轉(zhuǎn)。Fouryearshaveelapsedsinceheleftcollegeandnowhe'steachingatalocalmiddleschool.他大學(xué)畢業(yè)已四年，現(xiàn)在在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰袑W(xué)教書。inone'seyes:intheopinionorjudgmentofsomeoneEvenintheeyesoftheprofessionals,hedidagoodjob.即使在專業(yè)人士看來，他做得也很出色。Theexpertisalwaysrightintheeyesofordinarypeople.在普通人的心目中,專家總是對的。Unlessseemsinoneseyes(toonesmind)asif…如果小…,某人就覺得好似是…如果沒為孩子提供力所能及的一切,中國父母就覺得好似對孩子照顧不夠。provideeverythingforsb./withinonespower/notenoughforsb.Unlesstheyprovideeverythingwithintheirpowerfortheirchild,itseemsintheeyesofChineseparentsasiftheydidnotcareenoughforhim/her.3().Assignmentsareconsequently,givenaddedweightbythepassageoftime.(Para.8)Meaning:Asaresult,peoplethinkthatassignmentsaregainingadditionalimportancewiththepassingoftime.,Theword“weight“hereisusedasanuncountablenounmetaphoricallytomean“importance”.Moreexamples:anideaofgreatweight一個很重要的觀點Don'tworryaboutwhathethinks;hisopiniondoesn'tcarrymuchweight.另ij擔(dān)憂他怎么想，他的意見沒有多少影響。31.IntheUS,however,itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withspeed.(Para.8)Meaning:IntheUS,however,ifyoucansolveaproblemordoajobquickly,youwillbeconsideredapersonhavingskillsorability.takeas:regardasIwilltaketheremarkasapraise.我覺得這話是一種表揚。Shetookthefailureasthestartforthecomingsuccess.她把這次失敗看作今后成功的起點。competent:^.(ofpeople)havingthenecessaryability,skill.knowledge,etc.Heiscompetentforthetask.他能勝任這項任務(wù)。IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustfirstfindacompetentteacher.如要學(xué)好英語，你首先得找一位稱職的老師。betakenasthesignof被視為…的標(biāo)志現(xiàn)如今,玩不轉(zhuǎn)人際關(guān)系被視為是無能的標(biāo)志。onesfailuretosth./handleinterpersonalrelationwell/beincompetentNowadays,onesfailuretohandleinterpersonalrelationswellwillbetakenasasignofbeingincompetent.fulfill:v/.(BrEfulfil)dowhatonemustdofulfilladuty履行責(zé)任Iwillfulfillmyobligationtothebestofmyability.我將盡我所能履行義務(wù)。achievesomethingonewantedtodoHefulfilledhisdreamwhenhebecameawriter.他成為了作家，實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。Theyfulfilledtheirworkaheadoftimeaswedidours.同我們一樣，他們也提前完成了任務(wù)?！飛ithspeed:fast;quicklyWhenwearetravelingwithspeed,thepassingcountrysidejustseemsablur.當(dāng)我們開車高速旅行時，沿途經(jīng)過的鄉(xiāng)村顯得一片模糊。32.Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinorderto“getitmoving”.(Para.8)Meaning:Usually,ifajobismoreimportant,peoplewillputinmoremoney,efforl,andattentioninorderlogetitdone.★pourinto:givealotofeffort,money,etc.tosomethingAlotofmoney/capitalhasbeenpouredintotheproject.這個項目已經(jīng)投入f大量資金。Shepouredallhertimeandenergyintoherwork.她把所有的時間和精力都投入到了工作中。HopeProject希望工程Meaning:Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse,orweareonlydominatedbytime…slavetosth:apersonwhoisbeingcompletelyinfluencedordominatedbysomethingaslavetodrink酒鬼aslavetomoney金錢的奴隸nothingbutionlyHe,snothingbutacriminal.他只不過是個罪犯。Hedidnothingbutcomplain.他只是抱怨，別的什么都不干。6.Wcbudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutitfaccountforit;wealsochargeforit.(Para.2)Meaning:Weplanhowtospendit,saveit,wasteit,spenditmoreefficiently,findwayslopassitquickly,reduceil.explainhowweuseil;wealsomoneyforil.fInthissentence「time”isusedmetaphoricallyassomethingofrealvalue.★budget:eplancarefullyhowmuchofsomethingwillbeneededShehasmadesomanycommitmentsthatshehastobudgethertimeverycarefully.她答應(yīng)下來的事太多，因而不得不精心安排自己的時間。Bythetimehelearnedtobudgethisresources,itwastoolate.到他學(xué)會理財時，已經(jīng)太遲了。vz.planthespendingofmoneycarefullyShebudgetedforbuyinganewcar.她為買新汽車而計劃節(jié)省開支。Thegovernmenthasbudgetedfortwobridgesinthecity.政府計劃在該城市建造兩座橋，并為此制定了預(yù)算。n.[C]theamountofmoneyapersonororganizationhastospendonsomethingafamily/week'sbudget家庭/每周預(yù)算Itisimportanttobalancethisyear'sbudget.重要的是要平衡今年的預(yù)算開支。killit(=killtime):maketimepassquicklybyfindingsomethingtodo.Wekilledtimebyplayingcards.我彳門用打紙牌來消磨時間。Hedrovetotheclubtokillacoupleofhours.他駕車去俱樂部消磨了幾個小時。accountfor:1)explanthecauseofsomething解釋原因Jennyhadtoaccounttoherhusbandforeverypennyshespent.珍妮得向丈夫說明每一分是怎樣花的。Themanchargedwiththecrimecouldn'tacountforthefactthatthemoneywasfoundinhishouse.被告無法解釋在他家里找到錢這個事實。2)makeupaparticularamountorpartofsomething占據(jù)的比例NorthseaoilaccountsforahighproportionofBritishtradeearnings.北海石油占英國貿(mào)易收入的很大一部分。Payingrentaccountsforhalfofmyexpenditures.我的開銷中租金占了一半。Girlsaccountforhalfoftheclass.女生占了我們班一半人數(shù)★charge:v.asksomebodyforamountofmoneyforaserviceHowmuchdoyouchargeforwashingacar?彳爾們洗一部車要收多少錢？Wecharge$200anightforasingleroom.單人房每晚收費200美元。Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.(Para.2)Meaning:Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshort.-*Noticetheuseof“sense“inthefollowingexamples:asenseofhumor/duty/direclion幽默感/責(zé)任感/方向感acute1.(offeelingsorthesenses)fine;sharp(指感覺或感官)深刻的，敏感的，尖銳的Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell.狗有靈敏的嗅覺。severe,verygreat嚴(yán)重的Thereisanacuteshortageofwaterinthisregion.這個地區(qū)嚴(yán)重缺水.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'shourglass,thcycannotbereplaced.(Para.2)一Nolicethatthewholesentenceisametaphor,whichmeans:Oncetimehaspassed,itwillnotreturn.★runout:l)(offood,money,ctc.)thcrcisnoneleftTheirsuppliessoonranout.他們的補給很快就耗盡了。Timeisrunningout.時間快到了(或：時間不多了。)Mypocketisrunningoutquickly.2)useallofsomethingandnothaveanyleftI'mafraidwe'verunoutofgas.我們的汽油恐怕已用完了。Pmrunningoutofpatience.我快沒耐心了?！飏eplace:vAputsomethingbackwhereitwasbeforeReplacethecapsonthebottles.把瓶蓋蓋好。Replacethebookontheshelf.把書放回到書架上。taketheplaceofGeorgehasreplacedEdwardasthepersonnelmanager.喬治接替愛德華擔(dān)任人事部經(jīng)理。changesomepersonorobjectforanother,oftenbetter,newer,etc.We'llhavetoreplacethoseoldcomputerswithnewones.我們必須用新電腦替換那些舊電腦。Wewanteveryminutetocount.(Para.2)Meaning:Wewanteveryminutetobeputinlogooduse(sinceilisprecious).1().…everyoneisinarush-oftenunderpressure.(Para.3)Meaning:?,-everyoneisdoingthingsinahurry,becausetheyareoftenunderpressuretodoso.★inarush:inahurryDon'lbeinsuchai*ush;you'veonlyjustnowarrived.別這么急，你才剛剛到。Whyisshealwaysinarush?為什么她總是匆匆忙忙的?王進(jìn)喜生前常說，井沒壓力不出油；人沒壓力輕飄飄。duringone'slifetime/undernopressure/produceoil/undernostress/growlight-headedDuringhislifetime,WangJinxiusedtosay,“Awell,undernopressure,doesnotproduceoil,whileamanbindernostress,growlight-headed???restlesslyseekingaltentioninaslore,orelbowingothers…(Para.3)Meaning:??,impatientlytryingtogetserviceinastore,orpushingothersoutofthewaybytheirelbows***restless:。.unabletokeepstillbecauseoneisnervous,bored,orimpatient.Thepassengersgrewrestlessafterwaitingforhalfa了半個小時，變得不耐煩起來。Withamonthafterhereturnedhome,Billyhadbeenrestless,thinkingaboutgettingontheroadagain.回家一個月后，比利坐立不安，又想著上路外出了。restlesslyinarestlessmanner;impatientlyThemanagerpacedtheHoorofhisofficerestlesslywithsomanyproblemsonhismind.心頭壓著許多問題，經(jīng)理在辦公室里不安地走來走去。Themanrepeatedlylookedathiswatchwhilewalkingupanddownrestlesslyintheroom.那人一邊不耐煩地在屋子里走來走去，一邊一遍又一遍地看手表。elbow:v.pushothersoutofthewayusingelbowsSheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowd.她從人群中擠了過去。Theoldbrandshavebeenelbowedoutofthehomemarket.老品牌已經(jīng)被擠出了國內(nèi)市場。Racingthroughdaytimemeals(-日三旬ispartofthepace皿心…門ife)inthiscountry.(Para.3)Meaning:EatingtheirmealshurriedlyduringthedayispartofAmerica'sfastpaceoflife.★racethrough:dosomethinginahurryThechildracedthrough轉(zhuǎn)播的足球賽，那孩子匆匆做完了作業(yè)。Don'ttakeitpersonally.(Para.3)MeaningzDon^letitupsetyou(becausetheytreateverybodythisway;orbecausetheyarenotdoingthistoyouinparticular).★take,,,personally:feelthatafailureorunpleasantsituationisyourfaultandbeupsetaboutitYoumustn'ttakehernegativecommentsofyourplanpersonally.你不應(yīng)該把她對你計劃的批評當(dāng)做對你個人的攻擊。不得當(dāng)?shù)?，不得體地：beyondacertainappropriatepointManynewarrivalsintheStateswillmisstheopeningexchangesofabusinesscall:商業(yè)曲談)…(Para.4)Meaning:ManynewcomerstotheUnitedStateswillbesadtofindthatthereisnopolilesmalllalksatthebeginningofabusinesscall…★opening:a.first;beginning;startingtheopeningwords開場白Theyreturnedtotakepartintheseason'sopeninggame.彳也們回來參力口本賽季首場比賽。n.[CJthebeginningorfirstpartofsomethingTheopeningofabook/film書/電影的開頭(部分)[C]anoccasionwhenanewbuilding,road,etc.isusedforthefirsttime,esp.onethatinvolvesaceremonyThreehundredpeopleswarmedatthefrontdoorforthestore'sgrandopening.有300人聚集在商店前門慶祝商店的盛大開業(yè)。[ClapositionthatisavailableinabusinessorfirmTherewereafewopeningsatthecompany,soheapplied.那家公司有幾個空缺職位，所以他申請了。Heinquiredatthefrontdeskaboutopeningsinthemarketingdepartment.他在接待處詢問營銷部空缺職位的情況。Theywillmisstheritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmaybeaconventionintheirowncountry.(Para.4)Meaning:Theywillbesadbecausetheywillnothavetheusualexchanges(wilhthepersonwhoinvitedthem)thatgowithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffee.Theseexchangesmaybeacommonpracticeonsimilaroccasionsintheirowncountry.★gowith:existortakeplaceatthesametimewithsomethingelseRightsalwaysgoeswithobligations.權(quán)利總是伴隨著義務(wù)。Crimedoesnotalwaysgoeswithpoverty.貧窮并不總是伴隨著犯罪?！颿onvention:幾[C,U]general,usu.unspokenagreementabouthowpeopleshouldactorbehaveincertainsituationsItisaconvention慣例。Itwasaconventionforpeopletowearblacktoafuneral.穿黑色衣服參加葬禮是一種習(xí)俗。[C]ameetingofmembersofaprofession,politicalparty,etc.Conventionsareusuallyheldinlargecilies.會議通常在大城市里舉行。Hotelstrytoattractconventionsbecausetheybringalotofbusiness.賓館設(shè)法承辦各種會議，因為會議可以帶來大量生意。Theymaymissleisurelybusinesschats??,(Para.4)★leisurely:。.withouthurryTheyenjoyedaleisurelylunchatarestaurant.他們在餐館里享受了一頓悠閑的午餐。Ihadaleisurelyglassofbeer.我慢悠悠地品了一杯啤酒。-*InEnglish,"-ly"canbeaddedtosomenounstoformadjectives.Wordsofsimilarstructureinclude:fricndly,brotherly,fatherly,etc.Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk4,,(Para.4)Meaning:UsuallyAmericansdonotjudgeorevaluatetheirvisitorsinrelaxedplaces(suchasrestaurantsorcoffeehouses)duringlong,lightconversations…★assess:v/.judgethequality,importance,orworthofsomebodyorsomethingHe'ssolazythatit'sdifficulttoassesshisability.他懶得很，所以很難評估他的能力。It'stooearlytoassesstheeffectsofthenewlaw.要評價新法令的效果現(xiàn)在為時過早?！飐malltalk:lightconversationonunimportantornon-serioussubjects,?,muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,oraroundonthegolfcourse,,,(Para.4)Meaning:isevenlesslikelythatAmericanstaketheirvisitorsoutfordinnerortoplaygolf???一Notethattephrase“muchless“isoftenusedafteranegativestatement,toindicatethatthestatementismoretrueoftheperson,thing,orsituationthatyouaregoingtomention.Theoldmancanhardlywalk,muchlessrun.這位老人幾乎不能行走，更不用說跑了。Theyarealwaysshortofwatertodrink,muchlesstotakeabath.他們連飲用水也總是不夠，更別提洗澡了。★golfcourse:anareaofgrasswhichisdesignedforpeopletoplaygolfonSincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.(Para.4)Meaning:Sinceinmostcasesweevaluateourvisitorsandaskthemquestionsfromaprofessionalpointofviewinsteadoffromasocialone,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly(andthereisnoneedlospendlimeonsmalltalkandihelike).★probe:etrytofindoutthetruthaboutsomethingThepoliceareprobing(into)tradingwhichbreaksthelaw.警方正在調(diào)查非法交易。Heprobcd(into)thehousingmarketforagoodopportunitytoinvest.他仔細(xì)研究房產(chǎn)市場，尋找投資的好時機。Timeis.therefore,alwaystickinginourinnerear.(Para.4)Meaning:Thcrcforc,wcarcalwaysawareoftimc.ltisjustliketheconstantsoundofaclockthatwehear.Consequently,weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.(Para.5)Meaning:Asaresult,wetryourbesttosavetime.consequently：676f.asaresultHedidnothingexceptpractice,andconsequentlyhebecameafamouspianist.他專心練琴，最終成為著名的鋼琴家。Thebankrefusedtohelpthecompany;consequentlyitwentoutofbusiness.銀行拒絕幫助這家公司，公司因此倒閉了。workat:puteffortintosomethingordoingsomethingHeisworkingatbeingthebest.他努力使自己成為最優(yōu)秀的。Thedirectorisworkingatincreasingreturnsforinvestors.那位主管努力讓投資者獲得更大的回報?！璭speciallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.(Para.5)Meaning:???especiallywhenwetakeintoaccountourbusystreetsthatareoftenfulloftraffic.★given:"2”.takingsomethingintoaccountGiventneirinexperience,tney'vedoneagoodjob.考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，他們已經(jīng)做得不錯了。Givenherinterestinchildren,teachingshouldbetherightcareerforher.從她對孩子們的興趣來看，教書應(yīng)該是適合她的職業(yè)。Wecanalsouse“giventhat-^^forthesamemeaning:Giventhatthetimeislimited,they，vedoneagoodiob.考慮到時間緊張，他們已經(jīng)做得不錯了。sb.dosth.by/through???ratherthanby/through?t\whichthrough???especiallygiven…某人是通過…而不是通過…做某事,雖然后者…,但卻…，尤其是考慮到…在這種下雪天,我寧愿乘公交也不愿自己開車去上班,雖然自己開車自在,但更加危險,特別是考慮到我糟糕的駕駛技術(shù)。onsuchasnowyday/gotowork/onespoorskillsindrivingOnsuchasnowyday,/wouldgotoworkbybusratherthanbydrivingmycar.whichthroughcomfortable,ismoredangerous-especiallygivenmypoorskillsindriving.Wetherefore,savemostpersonalvisitingforafter-workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings.(Para.5)Meaning:So,ifwewanttopayapersonalvisit,wecandoitafterworkorontheweekendwhentherearesocialgatherings.★save…for:keep…forfulureuse以備后用Donotspendallyourmoneynow;savesomeforanotherday.不要把錢現(xiàn)在都用完，留點以后哪天用。Canyousaveyourstoryforlater?你能不能把你的故事留在以后講？Toustheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthemalterathand.(Para.6)Meaning:Tous,thelackofpersonalfeelingsofelectroniccommunicalionhaslittleornorelationtotheimportanceofthematterwearediscussing.★significance:/?,[sing.,U]theimportanceofanevent,action,etc.Moneyatthistimeholdsnosignificanceforhim.現(xiàn)在錢對他并不重要。Thesignificanceforcollegestudentstodoapart-timejobismorethanmoneyandexperience.大學(xué)生打工的意義不僅僅在于錢和經(jīng)驗?！颽thand:underdiscussion;beingconsideredHerquestionisnotrelatedtothematterathand.她提的問題跟正在考慮的事情無關(guān)。Thequestionathandrelatestoouruseofresources.我們考慮的問題與資源利用相關(guān)。nearintimeorpositionThegreatdayisathand.重大節(jié)日即將到來。Realizingthattheendofhiscareerisnearathand識到退休在即，他著手尋找額外的收入。Havingtherightequipmentathandwillbeveryhelpful.手邊有合適的設(shè)備可用將非常有幫助。Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconductedwithouteyecontact.requiringface-to-faceconversation.(Para.6)Meaning:Insomecountries.importantbusinessmu