英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)課件

現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Realism漢語(yǔ)言1班2組CatalogbackgroundRealism(Realism),isalsocalled"Realism",Generallyitthatinhumancognition,ourunderstandingandperceptionofobjectsaresameastheactualexistenceofobjectswhichareindependentofourhearts.Generallyconsideredrealisticpaysmoreattentiontorealityandactualrejectidealism.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義（Realism），又稱(chēng)“寫(xiě)實(shí)主義”，認(rèn)為在人類(lèi)的認(rèn)知中，我們對(duì)物體的理解與感知，與物體獨(dú)立于我們心靈之外的實(shí)際存在是一致的。一般認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義關(guān)心現(xiàn)實(shí)和實(shí)際而排斥理想主義。resourceRealismOriginatedfromthewest'smostancientliterarytheory,whichisthegreeksthat"artisthedirectretrievalofnaturalorimitationofnature".Thecriteriaofsuccessarethatthework'sverisimilitudeandthelevelofsimilarity.最初源于西方最古老的文學(xué)理論，即古希臘人那種“藝術(shù)乃自然的直接復(fù)現(xiàn)或?qū)ψ匀坏哪７隆钡臉闼氐挠^念，作品的逼真性或與對(duì)象的酷似程度成為判斷作品成功與否的準(zhǔn)則。發(fā)展歷程developmentmagnumopus《人間喜劇》TheHumanComedy作者：巴爾扎克Balzac國(guó)別：法國(guó)France介紹：人間喜劇，巴爾扎克著，一共有91部，包含了各式各樣的長(zhǎng)、中、短篇小說(shuō)和隨筆，總名為《人間喜劇》?！度碎g喜劇》展示了法國(guó)社會(huì)的整個(gè)面貌，其社會(huì)歷史內(nèi)容可以歸納為——貴族衰亡、資產(chǎn)者發(fā)跡、金錢(qián)罪惡，被稱(chēng)為三大主題。TheHumanComedy特點(diǎn)：1、高度的典型性，再現(xiàn)典型環(huán)境中的典型人物。2、細(xì)節(jié)真實(shí)，突出人物性格，更具感染力。3、強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)性，立意高，視野闊，挖掘深。Characteristic：1、Ahighdegreeoftypical,typicalcharactersinthetypicalenvironment.2、Thedetailsofthereal,prominentcharacter,moreinfectious.3、Realistic,strongconceptionofhigh,wideview,deepmining.DavidCopperfieldIntroduced："DavidCopperfield"isaBritishnovelist,CharlesDickens'seighthnovels,calledhim"themostbelovedchildren"intheheart,inbetween1849and1849,twentypartspublishedeverymonth.ThebookUSESthefirst-personnarrative,morphintomanylifeexperiencesofthewriter.NoveltellsthestoryoftheheroDavidfromyouthtomiddleage,lifehistory,with"I"wasbornasthesource,thefriend'ssincerityanddark,andtheloveofchildishandimpulse,sweetmarriageandtrivial,familyconflictandharmonytogetherintoastream,flowsslowlyinthefateoftheriverbed,eventuallyintothegrandeurofthesea.Alongwithdifferentpeopleandchances.Wittyhumor,showsthebroadpicture,themiddleofthe19thcenturyBritainreflectsdickenshopethattheworldisfullofkindnessandjusticeideal.magnumopus《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》作者：列夫·尼古拉耶維奇·托爾斯泰國(guó)別：俄國(guó)介紹：《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》是俄國(guó)作家列夫·尼古拉耶維奇·托爾斯泰的代表作之一。為了完成這部劃時(shí)代的巨著，托爾斯泰前后耗費(fèi)十余年的光陰，并本書(shū)于1865年到1869年出版，講述歐洲拿破侖時(shí)期的俄國(guó)（今俄羅斯）所發(fā)生的事?！稇?zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》自從問(wèn)世以來(lái)，一直被認(rèn)為是世界上最偉大的小說(shuō)之一。故事以1812年俄國(guó)法國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)為中心，反映了1805年至1820年的重大事件，包括奧斯特利茨大戰(zhàn)、波羅底諾會(huì)戰(zhàn)、莫斯科大火、拿破侖潰退等。通過(guò)對(duì)四大家庭以及安德烈、皮埃爾、娜塔莎在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平環(huán)境中的思想和行動(dòng)的描寫(xiě)，展示了當(dāng)時(shí)俄國(guó)社會(huì)的風(fēng)貌。在《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》中，人物就多達(dá)559個(gè)，每一個(gè)都是活生生的血肉之軀，各有其獨(dú)特的個(gè)性，且充滿(mǎn)了生命的悸動(dòng)，人的歡樂(lè)、痛苦、各種內(nèi)心思緒——在這幅畫(huà)里都應(yīng)有盡有。而書(shū)中史詩(shī)般的輝煌節(jié)奏與寬闊視界，也只有荷馬的作品可以相提并論。WarandpeaceAuthor:LevNikolayevichTolstoyCountry:RussiaIntroduced:"Warandpeace"isoneoftherepresentativeworksofRussianwriterLevNikolayevichTolstoy.Inordertocompletetheepoch-makingmasterpiece,Tolstoyandspentmorethantenyearsoftime,andbookin1865to1869published,theeraofNapoleoninEuropeaboutRussia(nowRussia)things."Warandpeace"hasbeenregardedasoneofthegreatestnovelsintheworldsinceitsadvent.Storyin1812theRussianwarwithFranceasthecenter,reflectingthemajoreventsofthe1805and1820,includingAusterlitzwar,PolobottombattleofConnaught,theburningofMoscow,Napoleonretreatsandsoon.Throughthefourfamilies,aswellasAndre,Pierre,Natashainthewarandpeaceintheenvironmentofthethinkingandactionofthedescription,showingthestyleoftheRussiansocietyatthattime.In"warandpeace",figureupto559,everyarelivingfleshflesh,eachwithitsownuniquepersonalityandfullofthrobbingwithlife,thejoyandpain,alltheinnerthoughtsinthispicturethehaveeverythingthatoneexpectstofind.Butinthebooktheepicmagnificentrhythmandthebroadvision,alsoonlyHomer'sworkcanbecompared.Warandpeace特點(diǎn)：1、反應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)，揭示矛盾，注重細(xì)節(jié)真實(shí)。2、暴露黑暗，批判罪惡，宣揚(yáng)人道主義。3、重視環(huán)境影響，塑造典型人物。4、擴(kuò)大描寫(xiě)范圍，發(fā)展藝術(shù)特色。Characteristic:1、Reactivereality,revealingcontradictions,payattentiontothedetailsofthereal.2、Exposethedarkness,criticizetheevil,andpromotethehumanitarian.3、Attentiontoenvironmentalimpact,toshapethetypicalcharacters.4、Toexpandthescopeofthedescription,thedevelopmentofartisticcharacteristics.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)真實(shí)，有真實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)，用歷史的、具體的人生圖畫(huà)來(lái)反映社會(huì)生活。形象典型，通過(guò)典型的方法，對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活素材進(jìn)行選擇、提煉、概括，從而深刻地揭示生活的某些本質(zhì)特征。方式客觀，通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的客觀，具體的描寫(xiě)，從作品的場(chǎng)面和情節(jié)中自然地體現(xiàn)出作者的思想傾向和愛(ài)憎感情，而不要作者自己或借人物之口特別地說(shuō)出來(lái)。去盡謊言，去盡政治謊言、道德謊言、商業(yè)謊言、維護(hù)權(quán)貴階級(jí)謊言等。純文學(xué)化，排除文學(xué)外的其他目的（包括政治、商業(yè)、道德及階級(jí)維護(hù)）。CharacteristicsofrealisticliteratureThedetailsaretrue,therearerealdetailsofthedescription,withthehistory,thespecificlifepicturetoreflectthesociallife.Typicalimage,throughthetypicalmethodofreallifematerialselection,abstraction,generalization,thusrevealingsomeessentialfeaturesoflife.Objectively,throughtothereallifeobjective,detaileddescription,fromthescenesoftheworksandtheplotnaturallyreflectstheideologicaltendenciesandloveandhatred,andnottheauthor'sownorborrowthecharactersespeciallytospeakout.Totrytolie,removePoliticallie,Morallies,Businesslies,Maintenanceofeliteclassliesetc.Pureliterary,excludeotherpurposes(includingpolitical,commercial,moralandclassmaintenance).Theartistictechniqueofrealisticliterature1、Focusonobservationsoflifeandexperience,andstrivetomakeartisticdescriptioninappearance,detailsconsistentwiththeactuallifeform,appearanceandlogic.2、Payattentiontotheapplicationofthetypicalmethods,andstrivetodescribeintheart,throughthedetailsofthereallifeoftheessenceoflife,thelaw.3、Thewriterisgenerallynotintheworkstoexpressfeelings,thoughttendencyworksmoresubtle.4、MustremovePoliticallie,Morallies,Businesslies,Mainten