跨文化交際-Unit5verbalcommun課件

UNIT5VerbalCommunication

UNIT5VerbalCommunication1

在全球化時代，要達(dá)到更高的成功幾率，須努力成為具有全球視野的國際化人才。學(xué)好至少一門外語是必要的，但國際化人才最基本的素質(zhì)是跨文化溝通能力。這是一種能夠超越本族文化，跨越不同文化鴻溝，穿透不同文化壁壘，在多元文化的環(huán)境中游刃有余的能力。因此，你的外語語言能力必須建立在理解不同文化的價(jià)值觀體系和行為規(guī)范模式之上，其最終表現(xiàn)是能夠適應(yīng)、掌控和化解多元文化環(huán)境中的矛盾和沖突。

2RoleofLanguageinCross-culturalCommunicationSynonymsIdiomsProverbs,Slang,TabooExpressions&Euphemisms跨文化交際--Unit5verbalcommun課件3ChinglishGoodgoodstudy;daydayup好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上Peoplemountain;peoplesea人山人海Morningthreenightfour朝三暮四Nocarethreeseventwotenone不管三七二十一Chinglish4ChinglishHeartflowerangryopen心花怒放（bewildwithjoy）AmericanChinesenotenough美中不足（aflawinanotherwiseperfectthing）Youhaveseed.

Iwillgiveyousomecolortoseesee.有種你等著，老子給你點(diǎn)顏色看看（Ifyouareamanwithplentyofguts,Ishallteachyoualesson.）。ChinglishHeartflowerangryop5ChinglishWatchsister表姐（cousin）Bigwinestore大酒店（hotel）Bigricestore大飯店（restaurant）Onetimesexthings一次性用品（disposablegoods）Bakethecall-phone

烘手機(jī)（handdrier）ChinglishWatchsister6ChinglishStartafamily成家（getmarried）Whiteboiledwater白開水（plainboiledwater）Enterthemouth入口（entrance）Familiarfood熟食（preparedfood）Fuckgoods干貨（driedfruit）ChinglishStartafamily7AboutLanguageLanguageispartofculture.語言是文化的一部分。Communicationisaculture-bond.交際是文化的紐帶。AboutLanguage8AboutLanguageEverylanguagehasdifferentvarieties/styles.每一種語言都有不同種類/不同形式。Usersoflanguageneedtohavesensitivitytoitsstyles.語言的使用者需要對語言的形式很敏感。Usersoflanguageneedtousetherightstyleattherighttime.語言的使用者需要在正確的時間使用正確的語言形式。AboutLanguageEverylanguageh9CulturalAspectsofaLanguageStyles/Varieties形式/種類Synonyms同義詞Idioms習(xí)慣用語Proverbs諺語Slang,TabooExpressions俚語，禁忌語Euphemisms委婉語CulturalAspectsofaLanguage10Synonyms

同義詞AwordhavingthesameornearlythesamemeaningasanotherwordorotherwordsinalanguageDifferentwordswhichstandforthesamemeaningSynonyms

同義詞11Synonyms

同義詞舉例：walktiptoe躡手躡腳地走Stride大步走shuffle拖著腳走，慢吞吞地走drag緩慢而費(fèi)力地走Synonyms

同義詞12Synonyms

同義詞舉例：enough:sufficient,adequate充足的autumn:fall秋天recalcitrant:disobedient不服從的never-ending:everlasting不停的Synonyms

同義詞13Synonyms

同義詞區(qū)分下列同義詞：jobvocation:job的正式用語profession:腦力勞動者的職業(yè)field:廣義的職業(yè)“領(lǐng)域”occupation:與vocation意思相近specialization:具體的一個專長trade:體力勞動者的職業(yè)workSynonyms

同義詞區(qū)分下列同義詞：14Synonyms

同義詞區(qū)分下列同義詞：hobby:業(yè)余愛好avocation:需要某種培訓(xùn)或特殊技能才能擁有的hobbyrecreation:工作之余的消遣pastime:與recreation意思相近Synonyms

同義詞15如何擴(kuò)大英語

詞匯量Developsensitivitytoshadesofmeaning對詞義的細(xì)微差別要敏感LearnwordsingroupsExample:Generalword:walkDifferentwaysofwalking:tiptoe,stride,shuffle,drag（注意在寫作時盡量少用generalwords）如何擴(kuò)大英語

詞匯量16幾種不同的“笑”laugh笑smile微笑giggle短而間歇的笑simper傻笑smirk假笑，得意的笑chuckle輕笑guffaw狂笑chortle高聲笑snigger偷笑titter偷笑grin露齒而笑gloat興災(zāi)樂禍地笑幾種不同的“笑”laugh笑chortle高聲笑17幾種不同的“哭”cry哭weep流淚sob嗚咽snivel涕淚交加blubber哭嚎bawl大哭wail嚎啕大哭whine啜泣，哀鳴crocodiletears假哭幾種不同的“哭”whine啜泣，哀鳴18Idioms習(xí)慣用語

Aspeechform(phraseorexpression)thatisgrammaticallypeculiarandcannotbeunderstoodfromtheindividualmeaningsofitselementsIdioms習(xí)慣用語19Idioms習(xí)慣用語舉例：haveabigmouth口無遮攔，大嘴巴thesaltoftheearth中堅(jiān)力量，精英，高尚的人sitabovethesalt坐上席Idioms習(xí)慣用語20Idioms習(xí)慣用語舉例：facethemusic勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任，臨危不懼playthegame遵守比賽規(guī)則，行動光明正大Idioms習(xí)慣用語21Idioms習(xí)慣用語It’srainingcatsanddogs.-It’srainingheavily.putone’sfootinone’smouth-someoneblundersbysayingsomethingheshouldnothave.Idioms習(xí)慣用語It’srainingcatsan22Idioms習(xí)慣用語TranslatethefollowingEnglishidiomsintoChinese:1.licksombody’sboots拍馬屁2.sitatsomebody’sfeet寄人籬下3.carrycoalstoNewcastle畫蛇添足Idioms習(xí)慣用語Translatethefollow23Idioms習(xí)慣用語4.thepotcallingthekettleblack五十步笑百步5.castlesinSpain白日做夢6.thekissofdeath讓某件事失敗的因素;幫倒忙Idioms習(xí)慣用語24Idioms習(xí)慣用語TranslatethefollowingtenChineseidiomsintoEnglish1.守口如瓶buttonone’slip2.打退堂鼓drawinone’shorns3.雷聲大，雨點(diǎn)小muchcryandlittlewool4.大海撈針lookforaneedleinahaystack5.黔驢技窮atone’switsendIdioms習(xí)慣用語Translatethefollow25Idioms習(xí)慣用語6.四面楚歌besiegedonallsides7.半斤八兩thepotcallingthekettleblack8.張三李四themaninthestreet9.臨時抱佛腳seekhelpatthelastmoment10.道高一尺，魔高一丈themoreillumination,themoretemptationIdioms習(xí)慣用語6.四面楚歌26中英文習(xí)慣用語lookforaneedleinabottleofhay大海撈針atone’swits’end黔驢技窮takeFrenchleave不辭而別lickone’sboots拍馬屁Dutchcourage酒后之勇atsixesandsevens亂七八糟apieceofcake小菜一碟中英文習(xí)慣用語lookforaneedleina27Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,andfinger.layafingeronsb:totouchsb.withtheintentionofharmingthem.putone’shandinone’spocket:tobereadytospendorgivemoney.givesb.abighandapplaudsb.Loudly.keepone’sfingeronthepulse:toknowallthelatestnews,development.Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,28keepone’shandin:doactivityinordertoremainskilledatit.withinarm’sreach;sth.whichyoucanreacheasily.askforawoman’shand;toproposemarriage.putone’sfingeronsth.:toidentifyanerror,orcauseofaproblem.keepsb.atarm’slength:avoidbecomingtoofriendly.keepone’shandin:29英語習(xí)語、諺語的主要來源TheHolyBible

圣經(jīng)thesaltoftheearthWilliamShakespeare

莎士比亞Allthatglistersisnotgold!英語習(xí)語、諺語的主要來源30從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth

以眼還眼，以牙還牙hideone’slightunderabushel不露風(fēng)芒，韜光養(yǎng)晦afterone’sownheart情投意合的；意趣相投的；兩情相悅的；正中下懷的thestillsmallvoice良心的呼聲alionintheway攔路虎從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語31從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語bytheskinofone’steeth剛好；勉強(qiáng)；僥幸（escapebytheskinofone’steeth死里逃生；劫后余生

）

castpearlsbeforeswine對牛彈琴washone’shandsofsomething洗手不干thesaltoftheearth社會中堅(jiān)，高尚的人從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語32Proverbs諺語AshortpithysayinginfrequentandwidespreadusethatexpressesabasictruthorpracticalpreceptProverbs諺語33Proverbs諺語舉例：Manyhandsmakelightwork.眾人拾柴火焰高。Asyousow,soyoureap.一分耕耘，一分收獲。Proverbs諺語34Proverbs諺語舉例：Liveandletlive.自己活也讓別人活；待人寬,人亦待己寬；互相容忍believingthatotherpeopleshouldbeallowedtolivetheirlivesinthewaythattheywantto.Theyseemasasocietytohaveaveryliveandletliveattitudetowardsissueslikegayrights.

Proverbs諺語舉例：35Proverbs諺語舉例：Liveandletlive.自己活也讓別人活；待人寬,人亦待己寬；互相容忍toacceptotherpeopleastheyare,althoughtheymayhaveadifferentwayoflife.Ifirmlybelieveinliveandletlive,andifpeopledon'trob,cheatorbeattheirwives,Ihavenocomplaints.

Proverbs諺語舉例：36Proverbs諺語It’snousecryingoversplitmilk.覆水難收Wherethereissmokethereisfire.無風(fēng)不起浪Proverbs諺語It’snousecryingo37Proverbs諺語Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚Idlenessistherootofallevil.一懶生百邪Thereisnorosewithoutathorn.

甘瓜苦蒂物無全美Proverbs諺語Birdsofafeatherf38Proverbs諺語Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下沒有不散的宴席Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.親身下河知深淺Liveandletlive.得饒人處且饒人Proverbs諺語Allgoodthingsmust39Proverbs諺語Othercountries,othermanners.十里不同俗Whatweloseontheswings,wegainontheroundabouts.失之東隅，收之桑榆Proverbs諺語40Slang俚語Languageoccurringchieflyincasual(sometimesplayful)speechtypicallyshort-livedspeech(coined)deliberatelyusedinplaceofstandardtermsforaddedraciness,humor,irreverence,orothereffectLanguagepeculiartoagroup;jargonSlang俚語41Slang俚語舉例:nodiceI’mnotgoingtodo…dumdumidiotchickayoungunmarriedwoman;少女nerdapersonthatisintelligentbutnotsociable;書呆子Slang俚語舉例:42Slang俚語deadduck---completefailureno-dive—impossiblehot—populargoesbananas—isangryfreakingout—losingcontrolhititoff—haveagoodfriendshipcomeit---behaverudelySlang俚語deadduck---completefa43Taboo禁忌語AbanorinhibitionresultingfromsocialcustomoremotionalaversionCommonlyassociatedwithbodilypartsornaturalbodilyfunctionsTaboo禁忌語44禁忌語舉例：piss,shitswearwordsbloody;bastard禁忌語45Euphemism

委婉語

Theact,oranexample,ofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensiveEuphemism

委婉語46委婉語舉例:inthefamilyway懷孕passaway死委婉語47casketpushupthedaisieslittlegirls’roomspendapennyontheheavysidephysicallyhandicappednotallthereafteralongillnessinthefamilywaytiredandemotionalpestcontrolofficerBeeconomicalwiththetruthletyougoCancerMentallysubnormalDrunkRatcatcherLieCrippledDismissFatPregnantBedeadGotothelavatoryCoffintoiletcasketCancer48Whatiscommunicativecompetence?Anintegrativeabilitythatincludeslinguisticknowledgeofthecultureculturalknowledgebehindthelanguageinterculturalawarenessbehavioralflexibilityoradaptabilitycommunicativeskillsandstrategies.Whatiscommunicativecompeten49

When,whatandhowtosayincrossculturalcommunication?1.thecultureofconversation:arichpoint(p.161)

Definition:

Arichpointissomethinginoneculturethatmakesitdifficulttobeconnectedwithanotherculture.When,whatandhowtosa50

Examples:--theconversationbetweentheMexicanandAmericanbusinessmen(p.161)--aSwedishchampionshipskierinterviewedonTV(p.162)(Americanway;Chineseway:)--ayoungAmericanexecutivepresentingtoagroupofGermans(p.159)--WhatdoesJapanese“Hai”mean?HowdoesanAmericanunderstandit?

51

Meaning:

Whentosay,whattosayandhowtosaydifferfromculturetoculture.Theculturalrelativityofcommunication

Theculturalrelativityofco52

--Whentosay

AthabaskanIndiansconsideritinappropriatetotalktostrangers.Havenegativestereotypesofnon-Athabaskansasridiculouslygarrulous(talkativeinanunfavorablesense)andalsohypocritical.

Americans

wouldconsideritawkwardtohavealongperiodofsilencewhenhavingaconversation.ConcludethatIndiansareuncooperative,evenstupid.

53

--WhattosayEG.AconversationbetweenSusanandMrsZhang,hermotherinlaw,attheairportwhenleavingChina.Thehusbandisinterpretingforthem.

--54

Susan:Mrs.Zhang,cometoNewYorkifyouwant.

Husband’stranslation:媽媽，您可一定要來紐約看看。

Mother:不去了，給你們添麻煩。

Husband’stranslation:Oh,itdependsonthephysicalcondition.

Susan:

Yes,ohthanksfor

yourdelicious

food,Ilikethemverymuch.

Husband’stranslation:

謝謝媽媽給我們做了那么多好吃的。

Mother:

自家人謝什么，蘇珊，你以后可不要再減肥了，身體健康才最重要哪！

Husband’stranslation:It’smypleasure,Susan,Ihopeyoubecomeevenmorebeautiful.

Susan:

Thank

you!Thesameto

you.

Husband’stranslation:謝謝媽媽，我祝您身體健康。

Mother:

謝謝，謝謝。

55

--PacingandpausingMeaning:

Howfastdoyouspeak?Howlongdoyouwaitfollowinganotherspeaker’sutterance,beforeconcludingtheotherhasnomoretosay?

56

--Listenrship(eyecontact)Whites:maintaingazewhenlisteningandbreaktheirgazewhenspeakingBlacks:

maintaingazewhenspeakingandbreaktheirgazewhenlistening

Whitelistenersthinkblacksareoverbearing.Whitespeakersthinktheblacksarenotpayingattention.

57--IndirectnessMeaning:

Onlyapartofmeaningresidesinthewordsspoken;thelargestpartifcommunicatedbyhints,assumptions,andlistenersfilling-infromcontextandpriorexperience.

跨文化交際--Unit5verbalcommun課件58Eg.

AGreekwife(ordaughter):CanIgotothemarketplace?Husbandorfather:(neversayno)Ifyouwant,youcango.–meaningNo.Yes,ofcourse,go.–meaningYes.

Eg.59

Discourse:Verbalexpressioninspeechorwriting.

HowisChinesediscoursestyledifferentfromthatofEnglishspeakingcultures?

Discourse:Verbalexpres60

RobertKaplan’s

1966article,“CulturalThoughtPatternsinInter-CulturalEducation”:

studentswroteEnglishwithdifferentorganizationalpatternsdependingontheirfirst-languagebackgrounds.跨文化交際--Unit5verbalcommun課件61

English:straightforwardChinese:circular;definitivesummarystatementsofmainargumentsaredelayedtilltheend.(p.180)English:straightforward62

L.Young’sargumentaboutChinesestyle:--Statingone’srequestormainpointatthebeginningwouldmakethepersonseemimmodest,pushy,andinconsiderateforwantingthings.Youwouldlosefaceactingaggressively.--reasoningwiththelistenertoallowthelistenertoseewhetherwhathesaysmakessenseornot.Moreopen-minded,lessbiased.--buildingasharedcontext跨文化交際--Unit5verbalcommun課件63HowdoesConfucianisminfluencecommunicationinthesino-culture?

AboutConfucianism:

Itsprimaryconcernisbuildingandmaintainproperhumanrelationships.ThisstronglyinfluencescommunicationpatternsinEastAsia.

HowdoesConfucianismi64EastAsiaOrientation

ProcessorientationDifferentiatedlinguisticcodesIndirectcommunicationemphasisReceivercentered

NorthAmericaOrientation

OutcomeorientationLessdifferentiatedlinguisticcodesDirectcommunicationemphasisSendercenteredEastAsiaOrientationNorthAm65

--Processorientationvs.Outcomeorientation

Processorientation:strongemphasisonthekindofcommunicationthatpromotessocialrelationships.Communicationisperceivedasaprocessofinfiniteinterpretation.Eg:

smalltalkandpersonalizedinformationbeforedealingwithbusiness.

66

Outcomeorientation:

mainfunctionofcommunicationistoactualizeautonomyandself-fulfillment.Outcomeismoreimportant.Communicationisperceivedasthetransferenceofmessages.

67---Differentiatedlinguisticcodesvs.LessdifferentiatedlinguisticcodesMeaningDifferentiatedlinguisticcodesareuseddependinguponpersonsinvolvedandsituations.Eg.

HonorificlinguisticsystemsinEastAsiaEnglishpolitenessisexpressedthroughtheuseofpoliteforms:please,couldyouplease…EastAsianpolitenessisexpressedthroughtheuseofhonorifictermsorofficialtitles.

---Differentiatedlinguistic68

ABCDTotalTosuperiors461022482%34.88100Topeers434281682%4.8841.4634.1519.51100ToSubordinates436321082%4.8843.939.0212.2100Thewaytoaddresscolleagues(oftheChinesetoChinese)A－Title+lastnameB－FullnameC－FirstnameD－Nickname

ABCDTotalTo461022482%56.112.269

ABCDTotalTosuperiors26842682%31.719.7651.227.32100Topeers618481082%7.3221.9558.5412.2100ToSubordinates616481282%7.3219.5158.5414.63100Thewaytoaddresscolleagues(oftheChinesetowesterners)A－Title+lastnameB－FullnameC－FirstnameD－NicknameABCDTotalTo26842682%31.719.7670Korean:Toeat:Mul-da(plain):tosiblingsDu-shid-da(polite):toparentsChap-soo-shin-da(honorific):tograndparents跨文化交際--Unit5verbalcommun課件71--Indirectvs.directcommunication

TheuseofindirectcommunicationisacceptedasnormativeinEastAsia.Confucianculture:communicationshouldpreserveoneanother’sface.

--Indirectvs.directcommuni72

Eg.

Japanese’sindirectness

AskingsomeelsetotransmitthemessageTalkingtoathirdpersoninthepresenceofthehearerConveyingone’smessageasbeingfromsomeoneelse.Eg.Japanese’sindirectness73Japanesevs.Americaninindirectnessinexpression“Pleaseclosethedoor

Thedoorisopen.(A)It’scoldhere.(J)跨文化交際--Unit5verbalcommun課件74--receivercenterednessvs.sendercenterednessMeaningSendercenteredcommunication:linear,onewayfromsendertoreceiver.Meaningisinthemessagescreatedbythesender.Emphasizinghowtoformulatethebestmessage,howtoimprovedeliveryskills.Importanttohaveformaltrainingofdebateandpublicspeech.--receivercenterednessvs.s75--receivercenterednessvs.sendercenterednessMeaningReceivercenteredcommunication:emphasizessocialrelationships.Meaningisintheinterpretation,emphasizingsensibilitytocapturetheunder-thesurfacemeaningandtounderstandtheimplicitmeaning.--receivercenterednessvs.s76Eg.

EastAsianstudentsvisitingAmericanhomes:Puzzle:whyaretheyaskedwhattheywant?

Difference:

NorthAmerica:individualfreedomofchoiceEastAsia:topracticeanticipatorycommunicationandthenaccommodateEg.EastAsianstudentsvisiti77UNIT5VerbalCommunication

UNIT5VerbalCommunication78

在全球化時代，要達(dá)到更高的成功幾率，須努力成為具有全球視野的國際化人才。學(xué)好至少一門外語是必要的，但國際化人才最基本的素質(zhì)是跨文化溝通能力。這是一種能夠超越本族文化，跨越不同文化鴻溝，穿透不同文化壁壘，在多元文化的環(huán)境中游刃有余的能力。因此，你的外語語言能力必須建立在理解不同文化的價(jià)值觀體系和行為規(guī)范模式之上，其最終表現(xiàn)是能夠適應(yīng)、掌控和化解多元文化環(huán)境中的矛盾和沖突。

79RoleofLanguageinCross-culturalCommunicationSynonymsIdiomsProverbs,Slang,TabooExpressions&Euphemisms跨文化交際--Unit5verbalcommun課件80ChinglishGoodgoodstudy;daydayup好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上Peoplemountain;peoplesea人山人海Morningthreenightfour朝三暮四Nocarethreeseventwotenone不管三七二十一Chinglish81ChinglishHeartflowerangryopen心花怒放（bewildwithjoy）AmericanChinesenotenough美中不足（aflawinanotherwiseperfectthing）Youhaveseed.

Iwillgiveyousomecolortoseesee.有種你等著，老子給你點(diǎn)顏色看看（Ifyouareamanwithplentyofguts,Ishallteachyoualesson.）。ChinglishHeartflowerangryop82ChinglishWatchsister表姐（cousin）Bigwinestore大酒店（hotel）Bigricestore大飯店（restaurant）Onetimesexthings一次性用品（disposablegoods）Bakethecall-phone

烘手機(jī)（handdrier）ChinglishWatchsister83ChinglishStartafamily成家（getmarried）Whiteboiledwater白開水（plainboiledwater）Enterthemouth入口（entrance）Familiarfood熟食（preparedfood）Fuckgoods干貨（driedfruit）ChinglishStartafamily84AboutLanguageLanguageispartofculture.語言是文化的一部分。Communicationisaculture-bond.交際是文化的紐帶。AboutLanguage85AboutLanguageEverylanguagehasdifferentvarieties/styles.每一種語言都有不同種類/不同形式。Usersoflanguageneedtohavesensitivitytoitsstyles.語言的使用者需要對語言的形式很敏感。Usersoflanguageneedtousetherightstyleattherighttime.語言的使用者需要在正確的時間使用正確的語言形式。AboutLanguageEverylanguageh86CulturalAspectsofaLanguageStyles/Varieties形式/種類Synonyms同義詞Idioms習(xí)慣用語Proverbs諺語Slang,TabooExpressions俚語，禁忌語Euphemisms委婉語CulturalAspectsofaLanguage87Synonyms

同義詞AwordhavingthesameornearlythesamemeaningasanotherwordorotherwordsinalanguageDifferentwordswhichstandforthesamemeaningSynonyms

同義詞88Synonyms

同義詞舉例：walktiptoe躡手躡腳地走Stride大步走shuffle拖著腳走，慢吞吞地走drag緩慢而費(fèi)力地走Synonyms

同義詞89Synonyms

同義詞舉例：enough:sufficient,adequate充足的autumn:fall秋天recalcitrant:disobedient不服從的never-ending:everlasting不停的Synonyms

同義詞90Synonyms

同義詞區(qū)分下列同義詞：jobvocation:job的正式用語profession:腦力勞動者的職業(yè)field:廣義的職業(yè)“領(lǐng)域”occupation:與vocation意思相近specialization:具體的一個專長trade:體力勞動者的職業(yè)workSynonyms

同義詞區(qū)分下列同義詞：91Synonyms

同義詞區(qū)分下列同義詞：hobby:業(yè)余愛好avocation:需要某種培訓(xùn)或特殊技能才能擁有的hobbyrecreation:工作之余的消遣pastime:與recreation意思相近Synonyms

同義詞92如何擴(kuò)大英語

詞匯量Developsensitivitytoshadesofmeaning對詞義的細(xì)微差別要敏感LearnwordsingroupsExample:Generalword:walkDifferentwaysofwalking:tiptoe,stride,shuffle,drag（注意在寫作時盡量少用generalwords）如何擴(kuò)大英語

詞匯量93幾種不同的“笑”laugh笑smile微笑giggle短而間歇的笑simper傻笑smirk假笑，得意的笑chuckle輕笑guffaw狂笑chortle高聲笑snigger偷笑titter偷笑grin露齒而笑gloat興災(zāi)樂禍地笑幾種不同的“笑”laugh笑chortle高聲笑94幾種不同的“哭”cry哭weep流淚sob嗚咽snivel涕淚交加blubber哭嚎bawl大哭wail嚎啕大哭whine啜泣，哀鳴crocodiletears假哭幾種不同的“哭”whine啜泣，哀鳴95Idioms習(xí)慣用語

Aspeechform(phraseorexpression)thatisgrammaticallypeculiarandcannotbeunderstoodfromtheindividualmeaningsofitselementsIdioms習(xí)慣用語96Idioms習(xí)慣用語舉例：haveabigmouth口無遮攔，大嘴巴thesaltoftheearth中堅(jiān)力量，精英，高尚的人sitabovethesalt坐上席Idioms習(xí)慣用語97Idioms習(xí)慣用語舉例：facethemusic勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任，臨危不懼playthegame遵守比賽規(guī)則，行動光明正大Idioms習(xí)慣用語98Idioms習(xí)慣用語It’srainingcatsanddogs.-It’srainingheavily.putone’sfootinone’smouth-someoneblundersbysayingsomethingheshouldnothave.Idioms習(xí)慣用語It’srainingcatsan99Idioms習(xí)慣用語TranslatethefollowingEnglishidiomsintoChinese:1.licksombody’sboots拍馬屁2.sitatsomebody’sfeet寄人籬下3.carrycoalstoNewcastle畫蛇添足Idioms習(xí)慣用語Translatethefollow100Idioms習(xí)慣用語4.thepotcallingthekettleblack五十步笑百步5.castlesinSpain白日做夢6.thekissofdeath讓某件事失敗的因素;幫倒忙Idioms習(xí)慣用語101Idioms習(xí)慣用語TranslatethefollowingtenChineseidiomsintoEnglish1.守口如瓶buttonone’slip2.打退堂鼓drawinone’shorns3.雷聲大，雨點(diǎn)小muchcryandlittlewool4.大海撈針lookforaneedleinahaystack5.黔驢技窮atone’switsendIdioms習(xí)慣用語Translatethefollow102Idioms習(xí)慣用語6.四面楚歌besiegedonallsides7.半斤八兩thepotcallingthekettleblack8.張三李四themaninthestreet9.臨時抱佛腳seekhelpatthelastmoment10.道高一尺，魔高一丈themoreillumination,themoretemptationIdioms習(xí)慣用語6.四面楚歌103中英文習(xí)慣用語lookforaneedleinabottleofhay大海撈針atone’swits’end黔驢技窮takeFrenchleave不辭而別lickone’sboots拍馬屁Dutchcourage酒后之勇atsixesandsevens亂七八糟apieceofcake小菜一碟中英文習(xí)慣用語lookforaneedleina104Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,andfinger.layafingeronsb:totouchsb.withtheintentionofharmingthem.putone’shandinone’spocket:tobereadytospendorgivemoney.givesb.abighandapplaudsb.Loudly.keepone’sfingeronthepulse:toknowallthelatestnews,development.Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,105keepone’shandin:doactivityinordertoremainskilledatit.withinarm’sreach;sth.whichyoucanreacheasily.askforawoman’shand;toproposemarriage.putone’sfingeronsth.:toidentifyanerror,orcauseofaproblem.keepsb.atarm’slength:avoidbecomingtoofriendly.keepone’shandin:106英語習(xí)語、諺語的主要來源TheHolyBible

圣經(jīng)thesaltoftheearthWilliamShakespeare

莎士比亞Allthatglistersisnotgold!英語習(xí)語、諺語的主要來源107從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth

以眼還眼，以牙還牙hideone’slightunderabushel不露風(fēng)芒，韜光養(yǎng)晦afterone’sownheart情投意合的；意趣相投的；兩情相悅的；正中下懷的thestillsmallvoice良心的呼聲alionintheway攔路虎從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語108從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語bytheskinofone’steeth剛好；勉強(qiáng)；僥幸（escapebytheskinofone’steeth死里逃生；劫后余生

）

castpearlsbeforeswine對牛彈琴washone’shandsofsomething洗手不干thesaltoftheearth社會中堅(jiān)，高尚的人從圣經(jīng)中來的習(xí)慣用語109Proverbs諺語AshortpithysayinginfrequentandwidespreadusethatexpressesabasictruthorpracticalpreceptProverbs諺語110Proverbs諺語舉例：Manyhandsmakelightwork.眾人拾柴火焰高。Asyousow,soyoureap.一分耕耘，一分收獲。Proverbs諺語111Proverbs諺語舉例：Liveandletlive.自己活也讓別人活；待人寬,人亦待己寬；互相容忍believingthatotherpeopleshouldbeallowedtolivetheirlivesinthewaythattheywantto.Theyseemasasocietytohaveaveryliveandletliveattitudetowardsissueslikegayrights.

Proverbs諺語舉例：112Proverbs諺語舉例：Liveandletlive.自己活也讓別人活；待人寬,人亦待己寬；互相容忍toacceptotherpeopleastheyare,althoughtheymayhaveadifferentwayoflife.Ifirmlybelieveinliveandletlive,andifpeopledon'trob,cheatorbeattheirwives,Ihavenocomplaints.

Proverbs諺語舉例：113Proverbs諺語It’snousecryingoversplitmilk.覆水難收Wherethereissmokethereisfire.無風(fēng)不起浪Proverbs諺語It’snousecryingo114Proverbs諺語Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚Idlenessistherootofallevil.一懶生百邪Thereisnorosewithoutathorn.

甘瓜苦蒂物無全美Proverbs諺語Birdsofafeatherf115Proverbs諺語Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下沒有不散的宴席Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.親身下河知深淺Liveandletlive.得饒人處且饒人Proverbs諺語Allgoodthingsmust116Proverbs諺語Othercountries,othermanners.十里不同俗Whatweloseontheswings,wegainontheroundabouts.失之東隅，收之桑榆Proverbs諺語117Slang俚語Languageoccurringchieflyincasual(sometimesplayful)speechtypicallyshort-livedspeech(coined)deliberatelyusedinplaceofstandardtermsforaddedraciness,humor,irreverence,orothereffectLanguagepeculiartoagroup;jargonSlang俚語118Slang俚語舉例:nodiceI’mnotgoingtodo…dumdumidiotchickayoungunmarriedwoman;少女nerdapersonthatisintelligentbutnotsociable;書呆子Slang俚語舉例:119Slang俚語deadduck---completefailureno-dive—impossiblehot—populargoesbananas—isangryfreakingout—losingcontrolhititoff—haveagoodfriendshipcomeit---behaverudelySlang俚語deadduck---completefa120Taboo禁忌語AbanorinhibitionresultingfromsocialcustomoremotionalaversionCommonlyassociatedwithbodilypartsornaturalbodilyfunctionsTaboo禁忌語121禁忌語舉例：piss,shitswearwordsbloody;bastard禁忌語122Euphemism

委婉語

Theact,oranexample,ofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensiveEuphemism

委婉語123委婉語舉例:inthefamilyway懷孕passaway死委婉語124casketpushupthedaisieslittlegirls’roomspendapennyontheheavysidephysicallyhandicappednotallthereafteralongillnessinthefamilywaytiredandemotionalpestcontrolofficerBeeconomicalwiththetruthletyougoCancerMentallysubnormalDrunkRatcatcherLieCrippledDismissFatPregnantBedeadGotothelavatoryCoffintoiletcasketCancer125Whatiscommunicativecompetence?Anintegrativeabilitythatincludeslinguisticknowledgeofthecultureculturalknowledgebehindthelanguageinterculturalawarenessbehavioralflexibilityoradaptabilitycommunicativeskillsandstrategies.Whatiscommunicativecompeten126

When,whatandhowtosayincrossculturalcommunication?1.thecultureofconversation:arichpoint(p.161)

Definition:

Arichpointissomethinginoneculturethatmakesitdifficulttobeconnectedwithanotherculture.When,whatandhowtosa127

Examples:--theconversationbetweentheMexicanandAmericanbusinessmen(p.161)--aSwedishchampionshipskierinterviewedonTV(p.162)(Americanway;Chineseway:)--ayoungAmericanexecutivepresentingtoagroupofGermans(p.159)--WhatdoesJapanese“Hai”mean?HowdoesanAmericanunderstandit?

128

Meaning:

Whentosay,whattosayandhow