Herman-Melville-作家及作品介紹課件

Puritanism(Calvinism),Transcendentalism,Symbolism,Individualism(Am.)TheRomanticPeriodPuritanism(Calvinism),Transc1HermanMelville(1819-1891)HermanMelville(1819-1891)2HermanMelville(1819-1891)1)Novelist2)Symbolism+allegory3)Moby-Dick(awhitewhale):Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.（散文體史詩）HermanMelville(1819-1891)1)3Melville’smajorworks1)Earlyworks:Mardi;

Redburn;

WhiteJacket

Moby-Dick2)Lateworks:

Pierre;

BillyBuddMelville’smajorworks1)Early4Melville’sviewpoints1.ApartfromHawthorne,whoseblackvisionregardingtheevilofhumanbeingshadinsomewaychangedMelville’soutlookonlifeandwhoseallegoricalwayofexpositionhadaffectedhiswritingtechniques,ShakespeareantragicvisionandEmersionianTranscendentalismalsoproducedsomepositiveeffectofhiswriting.Melville’sviewpoints1.Apart5Melville’sviewpoints2.Intheearlyones,Melvilleismoreenthusiasticaboutsettingoutonaquestforthemeaningoftheuniverse,hencetheyaremoremetaphysical形而上學(xué)的,超自然的andthemaincharactersareardent激烈的andself-dramatizing自我中心的“I”,defyingGod,asbestreflectedonMoby-Dick;whileinthelateworks,Melvillebecomesmorereconciledwiththeworldofman,inwhich,headmits,onemustlivebyrules.Melville’sviewpoints2.Int62001.429.MostofHermanMelville’snovelsarebasedonseavoyagesandseaadventures.Whichofthefollowingisnotthecase?

A.Typee.

B.Moby-Dick.

C.Omoo.

D.TheConfidence-Man

2001.429.MostofHermanMelvi7Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.Moby-Dickisregardedasthef8AnalysisofMoby-Dick1.Thestory2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations3.Structure:acombinationofromanticismandrealism4.Symbolismandallegory5.Artisticfeatures:1)Languagestyle;2)writingstyle6.TheexcerptAnalysisofMoby-Dick1.Thest91.Thestory

Thestorygoesroughlyasfollows.Theoutcastyouth

Ishmael,feelingdepressed,seeksescapebygoingouttoseaonthewhalingship,Pequod.ThecaptainisAhab,themanwithoneleg.Moby-Dick,thewhitewhale,hadshearedoff折斷hislegonapreviousvoyage,andAhabresolvestohunthimtothekill.Hehangsadoubloon（古金幣）onthemastasrewardforanyonewhosightsthewhalefirst.ThepequodmakesagoodcatchofwhalesbutAhabrefusestoturnbackuntilhehaskilledhisenemy.1.ThestoryThestorygo101.Thestory

Eventuallythewhaleappears,thePequodbeginsitsdoomedfightwithit.Onthefirstday,thewhaleoverturnsaboat;ontheseconditswampsanother.Ehenthethirddaycomes,Ahabandhiscrewmanagetoplunge使插入aharpoonintoit,butthewhalecarriesthePequodalongwithittoitsdoom.Allonboardthewhaleshipgetdrowned,exceptone,Ishmael,whosurvivestotellthetale.

1.ThestoryEventuallythe112.Theme:

surfaceanddeepinterpretations

1)Surfaceinterpretation:Thestoryisnotcomplicated,dealingwithAhab,amanwithanoverwhelmingobsessiontokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim,onboardhisshipPequod

inthechaseofthebigwhale.Thedramaticdescriptionofthehazardsofwhalingmakesthebookaveryexcitingseanarrativeandbuildsaliterarymonumenttoaneraofwhalingindustryinthenineteenthcentury.

2.Theme:

surfaceandd122.Theme:

surfaceanddeepinterpretations

2)Deepinterpretation

ButMoby-Dickisnotmerely

awhaling

taleorseaadventure,consideringthatMelvilleisagreatsymbolist.Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.2.Theme:

surfaceandd13

3.Thestructure:

acombinationofromanticismandrealismItisamixtureoffantasy（幻想）andrealismbasedupontheSouthPacificwhalingindustry;itmightbereadasaninitiation（beginning）storyaboutIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）andmystery;3.Thestructure:

acombinati14

3.Thestructure:

acombinationofromanticismandrealismmoreover,itisafabulous寓言般的dramatization戲劇化的表現(xiàn)ofAhab’sobsesseddeterminationtorevengehimselfinthepursuitofoneparticularwhalewhohaspreviouslydestroyedhisboatandhumiliatedhimbyrippingoffoneofhislegs.3.Thestructure:

acombinati154.Symbolismandallegory

LikeHawthorne,Melvilleisamasterofallegoryandsymbolism.Differentpeopleonboardtheshiparerepresentationsofdifferentideasanddifferentsocialandethnicgroups;Factsbecomesymbolsandincidentsacquireuniversalmeanings.1)thePequodisthemicrocosm

（微觀世界）ofhumansociety.2)Thevoyagebecomesasearchfortruth.

4.Symbolismandallegory164.Symbolismandallegory3)Thewhitewhalemeansmanythings:①ToMelville,itsymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant惡性的,andbeautifulaswell.②ToAhab,itrepresentsevil.Moby-Dickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.Ahabpursuedthewhalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisowndesire,hismadness.4.Symbolismandallegory3174.Symbolismandallegory③Totheauthor,thereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisamystery,amysteryofuniverse,inscrutable難以了解的andambivalent矛盾的,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth.4.Symbolismandallegory③18

5.Artisticfeatures

1)Languagefeatures

Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.Itisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailorstalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethan.

5.Artisticfeatures1)19

5.Artisticfeatures

2)Writingstyle(1)Symbolism

(2)Melville’sgiftsoflanguage,invention,psychologicalanalysis,speculativeagility思維的敏捷

andnarrativepowerarefused溶為一體tomakeMoby-Dickaworldclassic.(3)TheskillfuluseofIshmaelbothasacharacterandnarratorgivesthenovelamoralmagnitude重要性.

5.Artisticfeatures2)20

5.Artisticfeatures

(4)Themanipulation操縱ofthewhalingchaptersforsomephilosophicalspeculation思索makesthenovelmorethansymbolic.(5)Differentlevelsoflanguageuseandstylesturnthewholebookintoasymphonywithallthemusicalinstrumentsgoingontoformamelody.

5.Artisticfeatures(4)21

5.Artisticfeatures

(6)Melville’sknowledgeofepicandtragedy,thehighestliterarygenres,helpshimproduceagreatepic,withAhabatthecenterasatragichero,whoburnswithabalefulfire,becomingevilhimselfinhisthirsttodestroyevil(image).

5.Artisticfeatures22Moby-Dick(6.Theexcerpt)

TheexcerptisfromthelastchapterofMoby-Dick,inwhichthegreatchaseofthewhitewhaleisendingandweareclosetotheconclusionofthebook.ThePequodhasfinallysightedMoby-Dick.

Theboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,whichhasalreadydemolishedtwoofthem.ThoughAhabkillsthewhitewhale,yetallthehumanbeingsinvolved,exceptthenarrator,dieintheprocess.Attheendonlynature,symbolizedbythesea,remainsmovingbutunmoved.

Moby-Dick(6.Theexcerpt)23CallmeIshmaelIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）andmystery;CallmeIshmaelIshmael,theou24Melvillemanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.Melvillemanagestoachieveth25AhabAhab26Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.Itturnsouttobeasymbolic27InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhalesymbolizesnature

forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.

InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhale28“Thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”meansthatman'sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestruction“Thenallcollapsed,andtheg292000.425.ForMelville,aswellasforthereaderand_______,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatemysteryoftheuniverse.A.AhabB.IshmaelC.StubbD.Starbuck2000.425.ForMelville,aswell301999.437.InMoby-DickafterthewhalingshipThePequadsinks,Melvillewrites:“…thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”Theauthormightimplythat___A.Nothingchangesinthe5,000yearsofhumanhistoryB.man’sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionC.Natureisevilasitwas5,000yearsagoD.Naturehastheultimatecreativepower.1999.437.InMoby-Dickafterth312007.410.WhichofthefollowingwritingisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic?A.PierreB.MobyDick

C.TypeeD.BillyBudd2007.410.Whichofthefollowi322004.437.LikeNathanielHawthorne,（）alsomanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.A.MarkTwainB.HenryJamesC.R.W.EmersonD.HermanMelville2004.437.LikeNathanielHawtho332008.4

31．Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,symbolizes________forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.

A．society

B．nature

C．oceananimals

D．bothAandC2008.431．Thewhitewhale,Mob342007.432．InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhalesymbolizes______________forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.A．nature

B．humansocietyC．whalingindustry

D．truth2007.432．InMoby—Dick,the352004.427.“Thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”Inthequotedsentence,theauthormightimplythat______.A.nothingchangesinthe5000yearsofhumanhistoryB.man'sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionC.natureisevilasitwas5000yearsagoD.naturehastheultimatecreativepower2004.427.“Thenallcollapsed,362004.430.Besidessymbolism,allthefollowingqualitiesEXCEPT______arefusedtomakeMelville'sMoby-Dickaworldclassic.A.narrativepowerB.psychologicalanalysisC.speculativeagility思維的敏捷D.optimisticviewoflife2004.430.Besidessymbolism,a372003.450.Retellinafewsentencesthestoryofthelastchapter(Ch,135)“TheChase－ThirdDay”ofMelville’snovelMoby-Dick.Discussthemeaningoftheendingofthestory.2003.450.Retellinafewsente38Answer

InthelastchapterofMoby-Dick,thegreatchaseofthewhitewhaleisendingandweareclosetotheconclusionofthebook.ThePequodhasfinallysightedMoby-Dick.Theboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,whichhasalreadydemolishedtwoofthem.ThoughAhabkillsthewhitewhale,yetallthehumanbeingsinvolved,exceptthenarrator,dieintheprocess.Attheendonlynature,symbolizedbythesea,remainsmovingbutunmoved.Itmeansthatman'sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionAnswerInthelastchapter392006.4(答案同下一題)50.SymbolismisanimportantliterarypracticeinliteratureandithasbeenwidelyusedbymanyAmericanwriters.DiscussthewaysymbolismisusedinMelville'sMobyDick.2006.4(答案同下一題)50.Symbolismi402002.447.Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,isthemostimportantsymbolinMelville'snovel.Whatsymbolicmeaningcanyoudrawfromit?2002.447.Thewhitewhale,Moby41AnswerA.Totheauthor,thewhalesymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.B.ToAhab,thewhaleiseitheranevilcreatureitselfortheagentofanevilforcethatcontrolstheuniverse,orperhapsboth.C.ToIshmael,thewhaleisanastonishingforce,animmensepower,whichdefiesrationalexplanationduetoasenseofmysteryitcarries.D.Tothereaders,thewhalecanbeviewedasasymbolofthephysicallimitsthatlifeimposesuponman.Italsorepresentsthetremendousorganic（有機(jī)體的）vitalityoftheuniverse.AnswerA.Totheauthor,thewh42電影欣賞請(qǐng)?jiān)诎俣然蚬雀鐶oogle視頻上欣賞電影Moby-Dick.電影欣賞請(qǐng)?jiān)诎俣然蚬雀鐶oogle視頻上欣賞電影Moby-D43Herman-Melville-作家及作品介紹課件44Puritanism(Calvinism),Transcendentalism,Symbolism,Individualism(Am.)TheRomanticPeriodPuritanism(Calvinism),Transc45HermanMelville(1819-1891)HermanMelville(1819-1891)46HermanMelville(1819-1891)1)Novelist2)Symbolism+allegory3)Moby-Dick(awhitewhale):Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.（散文體史詩）HermanMelville(1819-1891)1)47Melville’smajorworks1)Earlyworks:Mardi;

Redburn;

WhiteJacket

Moby-Dick2)Lateworks:

Pierre;

BillyBuddMelville’smajorworks1)Early48Melville’sviewpoints1.ApartfromHawthorne,whoseblackvisionregardingtheevilofhumanbeingshadinsomewaychangedMelville’soutlookonlifeandwhoseallegoricalwayofexpositionhadaffectedhiswritingtechniques,ShakespeareantragicvisionandEmersionianTranscendentalismalsoproducedsomepositiveeffectofhiswriting.Melville’sviewpoints1.Apart49Melville’sviewpoints2.Intheearlyones,Melvilleismoreenthusiasticaboutsettingoutonaquestforthemeaningoftheuniverse,hencetheyaremoremetaphysical形而上學(xué)的,超自然的andthemaincharactersareardent激烈的andself-dramatizing自我中心的“I”,defyingGod,asbestreflectedonMoby-Dick;whileinthelateworks,Melvillebecomesmorereconciledwiththeworldofman,inwhich,headmits,onemustlivebyrules.Melville’sviewpoints2.Int502001.429.MostofHermanMelville’snovelsarebasedonseavoyagesandseaadventures.Whichofthefollowingisnotthecase?

A.Typee.

B.Moby-Dick.

C.Omoo.

D.TheConfidence-Man

2001.429.MostofHermanMelvi51Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.Moby-Dickisregardedasthef52AnalysisofMoby-Dick1.Thestory2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations3.Structure:acombinationofromanticismandrealism4.Symbolismandallegory5.Artisticfeatures:1)Languagestyle;2)writingstyle6.TheexcerptAnalysisofMoby-Dick1.Thest531.Thestory

Thestorygoesroughlyasfollows.Theoutcastyouth

Ishmael,feelingdepressed,seeksescapebygoingouttoseaonthewhalingship,Pequod.ThecaptainisAhab,themanwithoneleg.Moby-Dick,thewhitewhale,hadshearedoff折斷hislegonapreviousvoyage,andAhabresolvestohunthimtothekill.Hehangsadoubloon（古金幣）onthemastasrewardforanyonewhosightsthewhalefirst.ThepequodmakesagoodcatchofwhalesbutAhabrefusestoturnbackuntilhehaskilledhisenemy.1.ThestoryThestorygo541.Thestory

Eventuallythewhaleappears,thePequodbeginsitsdoomedfightwithit.Onthefirstday,thewhaleoverturnsaboat;ontheseconditswampsanother.Ehenthethirddaycomes,Ahabandhiscrewmanagetoplunge使插入aharpoonintoit,butthewhalecarriesthePequodalongwithittoitsdoom.Allonboardthewhaleshipgetdrowned,exceptone,Ishmael,whosurvivestotellthetale.

1.ThestoryEventuallythe552.Theme:

surfaceanddeepinterpretations

1)Surfaceinterpretation:Thestoryisnotcomplicated,dealingwithAhab,amanwithanoverwhelmingobsessiontokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim,onboardhisshipPequod

inthechaseofthebigwhale.Thedramaticdescriptionofthehazardsofwhalingmakesthebookaveryexcitingseanarrativeandbuildsaliterarymonumenttoaneraofwhalingindustryinthenineteenthcentury.

2.Theme:

surfaceandd562.Theme:

surfaceanddeepinterpretations

2)Deepinterpretation

ButMoby-Dickisnotmerely

awhaling

taleorseaadventure,consideringthatMelvilleisagreatsymbolist.Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.2.Theme:

surfaceandd57

3.Thestructure:

acombinationofromanticismandrealismItisamixtureoffantasy（幻想）andrealismbasedupontheSouthPacificwhalingindustry;itmightbereadasaninitiation（beginning）storyaboutIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）andmystery;3.Thestructure:

acombinati58

3.Thestructure:

acombinationofromanticismandrealismmoreover,itisafabulous寓言般的dramatization戲劇化的表現(xiàn)ofAhab’sobsesseddeterminationtorevengehimselfinthepursuitofoneparticularwhalewhohaspreviouslydestroyedhisboatandhumiliatedhimbyrippingoffoneofhislegs.3.Thestructure:

acombinati594.Symbolismandallegory

LikeHawthorne,Melvilleisamasterofallegoryandsymbolism.Differentpeopleonboardtheshiparerepresentationsofdifferentideasanddifferentsocialandethnicgroups;Factsbecomesymbolsandincidentsacquireuniversalmeanings.1)thePequodisthemicrocosm

（微觀世界）ofhumansociety.2)Thevoyagebecomesasearchfortruth.

4.Symbolismandallegory604.Symbolismandallegory3)Thewhitewhalemeansmanythings:①ToMelville,itsymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant惡性的,andbeautifulaswell.②ToAhab,itrepresentsevil.Moby-Dickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.Ahabpursuedthewhalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisowndesire,hismadness.4.Symbolismandallegory3614.Symbolismandallegory③Totheauthor,thereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisamystery,amysteryofuniverse,inscrutable難以了解的andambivalent矛盾的,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth.4.Symbolismandallegory③62

5.Artisticfeatures

1)Languagefeatures

Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.Itisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailorstalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethan.

5.Artisticfeatures1)63

5.Artisticfeatures

2)Writingstyle(1)Symbolism

(2)Melville’sgiftsoflanguage,invention,psychologicalanalysis,speculativeagility思維的敏捷

andnarrativepowerarefused溶為一體tomakeMoby-Dickaworldclassic.(3)TheskillfuluseofIshmaelbothasacharacterandnarratorgivesthenovelamoralmagnitude重要性.

5.Artisticfeatures2)64

5.Artisticfeatures

(4)Themanipulation操縱ofthewhalingchaptersforsomephilosophicalspeculation思索makesthenovelmorethansymbolic.(5)Differentlevelsoflanguageuseandstylesturnthewholebookintoasymphonywithallthemusicalinstrumentsgoingontoformamelody.

5.Artisticfeatures(4)65

5.Artisticfeatures

(6)Melville’sknowledgeofepicandtragedy,thehighestliterarygenres,helpshimproduceagreatepic,withAhabatthecenterasatragichero,whoburnswithabalefulfire,becomingevilhimselfinhisthirsttodestroyevil(image).

5.Artisticfeatures66Moby-Dick(6.Theexcerpt)

TheexcerptisfromthelastchapterofMoby-Dick,inwhichthegreatchaseofthewhitewhaleisendingandweareclosetotheconclusionofthebook.ThePequodhasfinallysightedMoby-Dick.

Theboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,whichhasalreadydemolishedtwoofthem.ThoughAhabkillsthewhitewhale,yetallthehumanbeingsinvolved,exceptthenarrator,dieintheprocess.Attheendonlynature,symbolizedbythesea,remainsmovingbutunmoved.

Moby-Dick(6.Theexcerpt)67CallmeIshmaelIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）andmystery;CallmeIshmaelIshmael,theou68Melvillemanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.Melvillemanagestoachieveth69AhabAhab70Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.Itturnsouttobeasymbolic71InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhalesymbolizesnature

forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.

InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhale72“Thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”meansthatman'sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestruction“Thenallcollapsed,andtheg732000.425.ForMelville,aswellasforthereaderand_______,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatemysteryoftheuniverse.A.AhabB.IshmaelC.StubbD.Starbuck2000.425.ForMelville,aswell741999.437.InMoby-DickafterthewhalingshipThePequadsinks,Melvillewrites:“…thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”Theauthormightimplythat___A.Nothingchangesinthe5,000yearsofhumanhistoryB.man’sdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionC.Natureisevilasitwas5,000yearsagoD.Naturehastheultimatecreativepower.1999.437.InMoby-Dickafterth752007.410.WhichofthefollowingwritingisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic?A.PierreB.MobyDick

C.TypeeD.BillyBudd2007.410.Whichofthefollowi762004.437.LikeNathanielHawthorne,（）alsomanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.A.MarkTwainB.HenryJamesC.R.W.EmersonD.HermanMelville2004.437.LikeNathanielHawtho772008.4

31．Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,symbolizes________forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.

A．society

B．nature

C．oceananimals

D．bothAandC2008.431．Thewhitewhale,Mob782007.432．InMoby—Dick,thewhitewhalesymbolizes______________forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.A．nature

B．humansocietyC．whalingindustry