Unit-2-Sailing-the-oceans-Warming-up課件-新人教版選修9課件

Unit2SailingtheoceansUnit2SailingtheoceansObjectives1.了解人類(lèi)早期的航海術(shù)。2.了解歷史上著名的航海家、探險(xiǎn)家及著名的航海事跡。3.學(xué)習(xí)表示“原因與結(jié)果”的用語(yǔ)。4.學(xué)習(xí)本單元的詞匯。5.進(jìn)一步復(fù)習(xí)掌握謂語(yǔ)的用法。Objectives1.了解人類(lèi)早期的航海術(shù)。WhenwewanttotalkaboutafamousnavigatorinChinesehistory,whowouldyouliketothinkoffirst?Apersonwhodirectstherouteorcourseofaship,aircraft,orotherformoftransportation,esp.byusinginstrumentsandmapsnavigatorWhenwewanttotalkaboutafNavigatorsorExplorersWhatisthedifferencebetweenanavigatorandanexplorer?NavigatorsorExplorersWhatisNavigator

issomeonewhofindsthepositionandplotsthecourseofaship,anaircraft,acar,etc,usingmapsandinstruments.

Navigator

seanautical(航海的)instrumentsfindnewislandsorcontinentsNavigatorissomeonewhofindsExplorerissomeonewhotravelsintoorthroughaplaceinordertolearnaboutit.Veryoftennavigatorsarealsoexplorers.

Explorer

landuseofcompassandlandmarksfindnewplaceswithinanalreadyidentifiedislandorcontinentExplorerissomeonewhotravelHe(1371-1433)

sailedfromChinatomanyplacesthroughoutSouthPacific,IndianOcean,PersianGulfanddistantAfricainsevenepicvoyagesfrom1405to1433,some80yearsbeforeColumbus'svoyages.ZhengHeHe(1371-1433)sailedfromChHe(1254-1324)wasborninVenice.HeisprobablythemostfamousWesternertotraveltheSilkRoad.

Hereachedfurtherthananyofhispredecessors,travellingbeyondMongoliaandintoChina.Finallyhisadventureswerewrittendownandthisbookwaspublishedandbecameabest-seller.MarcoPoloHe(1254-1324)wasborninVenMarco’sTravelingMapMarco’sTravelingMapMapofChinainYuanDynasty

MarcoPolotraveledwithhisfathertoChinaduringtheYuanDynasty,whenKublaiKhanruledChina.MarcowassurprisedatChinesecustomsandskillssuchasusingcoalforheating,papermoney,noodle-makingandmanyotherthings.MapofChinainYuanDynastyMHe(1728-1779)wasthegreatestBritainnavigator.HeenlistedintheRoyalNavyin1755.

In1768hewaspromotedandsenttothePacificwherehesurveyedTahiti,NewZealand,andAustralia.Onhisfamous2ndexpedition(1772-75)heexploredAntarctica.In1776inhisthirdandfinalvoyage,heexploredtheWestcoastofNorthAmericaanddiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.JamesCookHe(1728-1779)wasthegreatesHe(1451–1506)wasaSpanishsailor.Hemadefourvoyages.Heisfamousallovertheworldnow.PeopleconsiderhimtohavediscoveredAmericafirst.ColumbusHe(1451–1506)wasaSpanishsThefourbasicinstrumentsfornavigation:

Sinan,InchAstrolabe,Sextantandnauticalmap.Sinan,theancientChinesecompass.Pre-readingThefourbasicinstrumentsforItwasinventedbyZhangHengintheHandynasty.Itismadeupofabronzefoundation(青銅地盤(pán))andmagneticspoon(磁勺)whichismadeofnaturalmagnet,positionedrightinthecentralofthefoundation.ItwasinventedbyZhangHengThehandleofthespoonpointstothesouth,whiletheothersidepointstothenorth.WhentheSinanisinthestill,thehandleofthespoonpointstothesouthbecauseofinfluenceoftheterrestrialmagnetism(地磁).

Thehandleofthespoonpoints

Ithas17starslistedaswellasamapoftheskyoverhead(for37degrees)andtheecliptic(黃道).ThetimeofdayornightisontheoutsideedgewithnoonatthetopoftheAstrolabeandmidnightatthebottom.Itcomeswithacarryingchain,apouch,andabookonitsuse.Thereversesidehasasightformeasuringtheelevationsoftheheavenlybodies.astrolabeIthassextantsextantThesextant

isanavigationalinstrumentformeasuringtheanglebetweenthehorizonandsomeobjectinthesky.Firstasailorlooksatthehorizonthroughaneyepiece.Atthesametimehecanseelightfromthesunorastarreflectedoffasmallmirrorontopoftheinstrument,ontoasecondmirrorandintotheeyepiece.ThesextantisanavigationalThenavigatorcanthenseetwoimages,thehorizonandthesunsidebyside.Hecanthenmeasuretheanglebetweenthemonascaleatthebottomoftheinstrument.Thescalegoesfrom0to120degrees.Anearlierinstrument,calledaquadrant,measuredinangleinthesamewaybutitcouldonlymeasureanglesfrom0to90degrees.Thenavigatorcanthenseetwosea/nautical/marinechartsea/nautical/marinechartNauticalcharts

aremapsofthedepthoftheseaandthecurrentsoftheoceans.Theyprovidemodernsailorswithroutesthroughtheseas,ratherlikeroadsthroughthecountryside.Theinformationbegantobecollectedinthenineteenthcenturyandhascontinuedtobeupdatedeversince.ThesechartswerenotavailabletoCaptainBlighorZhengHe.NauticalchartsaremapsofthWhichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday?Seachartsarestillusedtoday.Whichonesdoyouthinkarest

1Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?Answerthequestions.Keptclosetotheshore,usednaturesuchasthesun,wind,birds,tide,etc,tohelpthem,andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass,astrolabe,etc.1Howdoyouthinkseamenfou

2

Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout:latitudeorlongitude?Latitude,becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtravelledfromlandonastraightline.Itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude.2WhichdoyouthinkwaseasiUnit2SailingtheoceansUnit2SailingtheoceansObjectives1.了解人類(lèi)早期的航海術(shù)。2.了解歷史上著名的航海家、探險(xiǎn)家及著名的航海事跡。3.學(xué)習(xí)表示“原因與結(jié)果”的用語(yǔ)。4.學(xué)習(xí)本單元的詞匯。5.進(jìn)一步復(fù)習(xí)掌握謂語(yǔ)的用法。Objectives1.了解人類(lèi)早期的航海術(shù)。WhenwewanttotalkaboutafamousnavigatorinChinesehistory,whowouldyouliketothinkoffirst?Apersonwhodirectstherouteorcourseofaship,aircraft,orotherformoftransportation,esp.byusinginstrumentsandmapsnavigatorWhenwewanttotalkaboutafNavigatorsorExplorersWhatisthedifferencebetweenanavigatorandanexplorer?NavigatorsorExplorersWhatisNavigator

issomeonewhofindsthepositionandplotsthecourseofaship,anaircraft,acar,etc,usingmapsandinstruments.

Navigator

seanautical(航海的)instrumentsfindnewislandsorcontinentsNavigatorissomeonewhofindsExplorerissomeonewhotravelsintoorthroughaplaceinordertolearnaboutit.Veryoftennavigatorsarealsoexplorers.

Explorer

landuseofcompassandlandmarksfindnewplaceswithinanalreadyidentifiedislandorcontinentExplorerissomeonewhotravelHe(1371-1433)

sailedfromChinatomanyplacesthroughoutSouthPacific,IndianOcean,PersianGulfanddistantAfricainsevenepicvoyagesfrom1405to1433,some80yearsbeforeColumbus'svoyages.ZhengHeHe(1371-1433)sailedfromChHe(1254-1324)wasborninVenice.HeisprobablythemostfamousWesternertotraveltheSilkRoad.

Hereachedfurtherthananyofhispredecessors,travellingbeyondMongoliaandintoChina.Finallyhisadventureswerewrittendownandthisbookwaspublishedandbecameabest-seller.MarcoPoloHe(1254-1324)wasborninVenMarco’sTravelingMapMarco’sTravelingMapMapofChinainYuanDynasty

MarcoPolotraveledwithhisfathertoChinaduringtheYuanDynasty,whenKublaiKhanruledChina.MarcowassurprisedatChinesecustomsandskillssuchasusingcoalforheating,papermoney,noodle-makingandmanyotherthings.MapofChinainYuanDynastyMHe(1728-1779)wasthegreatestBritainnavigator.HeenlistedintheRoyalNavyin1755.

In1768hewaspromotedandsenttothePacificwherehesurveyedTahiti,NewZealand,andAustralia.Onhisfamous2ndexpedition(1772-75)heexploredAntarctica.In1776inhisthirdandfinalvoyage,heexploredtheWestcoastofNorthAmericaanddiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.JamesCookHe(1728-1779)wasthegreatesHe(1451–1506)wasaSpanishsailor.Hemadefourvoyages.Heisfamousallovertheworldnow.PeopleconsiderhimtohavediscoveredAmericafirst.ColumbusHe(1451–1506)wasaSpanishsThefourbasicinstrumentsfornavigation:

Sinan,InchAstrolabe,Sextantandnauticalmap.Sinan,theancientChinesecompass.Pre-readingThefourbasicinstrumentsforItwasinventedbyZhangHengintheHandynasty.Itismadeupofabronzefoundation(青銅地盤(pán))andmagneticspoon(磁勺)whichismadeofnaturalmagnet,positionedrightinthecentralofthefoundation.ItwasinventedbyZhangHengThehandleofthespoonpointstothesouth,whiletheothersidepointstothenorth.WhentheSinanisinthestill,thehandleofthespoonpointstothesouthbecauseofinfluenceoftheterrestrialmagnetism(地磁).

Thehandleofthespoonpoints

Ithas17starslistedaswellasamapoftheskyoverhead(for37degrees)andtheecliptic(黃道).ThetimeofdayornightisontheoutsideedgewithnoonatthetopoftheAstrolabeandmidnightatthebottom.Itcomeswithacarryingchain,apouch,andabookonitsuse.Thereversesidehasasightformeasuringtheelevationsoftheheavenlybodies.astrolabeIthassextantsextantThesextant

isanavigationalinstrumentformeasuringtheanglebetweenthehorizonandsomeobjectinthesky.Firstasailorlooksatthehorizonthroughaneyepiece.Atthesametimehecanseelightfromthesunorastarreflectedoffasmallmirrorontopoftheinstrument,ontoasecondmirrorandintotheeyepiece.ThesextantisanavigationalThenavigatorcanthenseetwoimages,thehorizonandthesunsidebyside.Hecanthenmeasuretheanglebetweenthemonascaleatthebottomoftheinstrument.Thescalegoesfrom0to120degrees.Anearlierinstrument,calledaquadrant,measuredinangleinthesamewaybutitcouldonlymeasureanglesfrom0to90degrees.Thenavigatorcanthenseetwosea/na