專八英語閱讀訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)試題

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PassageOneViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandherdertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachothersproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.Talk,talk,talk,theadvocatesofviolencesay,allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.Itsratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.Possible,mylord,thebarristerreplied,nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

[A]AdvocatingViolence.

[B]ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

[C]ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

[D]TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus

[A]violenceneversolvesanything.

[B]nothing.

[C]thebloodshedmeansnothing.

[D]everything.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

[A]cantgetahearing.

[B]arelookeddownupon.

[C]arepersecuted.

[D]Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

4."Hewasnonethewiser'means

[A]hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

[B]Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

[C]Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

[D]Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis

[A]lawenforcement.

[B]knowledge.

[C]nonviolence.

[D]Moppinguptheviolentmess.

Vocabulary

1.acute嚴(yán)重的，強(qiáng)烈的，敏銳的

2.lootv.搶劫，掠奪;n.贓物

3.pillagev.搶劫，掠奪

4.crunchv.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂聲

whenitcomestothecrunch=if/whenthedecisivemomentcomes.當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時刻來到時。

5.war-paint出戰(zhàn)前涂于身上的顏料。美印第安戰(zhàn)士用

6.cometolight=becomeknown顯露，為人所知

7.sap剝削，使傷元氣，破壞

Iwassappedbymonthsofhospitaltreatment.我住院治療幾個月，大傷元氣。

8.mopup擦去，對付，處理

9.wake船跡，航跡

inthewakeofsth.=comeafter隨某事之后到來。

難句譯注

1.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.

whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthedecisivemomentcomes.當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時刻來到時。

真正令人可怖的，令人絕望的是，在關(guān)鍵時刻，人們意識到我們一點兒也沒有進(jìn)步/前進(jìn)。

2.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.

inthewakeof在之后。

由于我們不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的爛攤子，我們的氣力因此削減了。

3.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.

none+the+對比級。固定用法，義：notatall一點兒也不。EX:Afterthetreatment,heisnonethebetter.治療后，他并沒有因此見好，一點兒也不見好。

聽了律師的長篇解釋，法官怨恨說他一無所獲，并不因此變得聰明些。

4.Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.

學(xué)識是聰慧的必要的先決條件。結(jié)合上下文這里意思是：了解處境是解決問題的先決條件。句子后面的解釋：學(xué)識是指了解它欲以解決暴力制造的惡行。

寫作方法與文章大意

主要以比較的手法寫出了暴力是有些國家用以解決種族差異的公認(rèn)方法，這是人本性沒有進(jìn)步的表現(xiàn)，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解決問題的唯一途徑，而這些人遭人輕視、迫害。指出假設(shè)我們把使用暴力的一半精力放在消釋貧民窟，改善生活水平，供給教導(dǎo)和就業(yè)，除掉暴力造成的后果，也就是通過對它以法治理是能真正解決種族問題的.。盡管這些暴力者采取充耳不聞的態(tài)度。

答案詳解

1.B暴力難以消釋種族偏見。文章一開頭就提出有些國家種族偏見嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的一種解決方法。白人采用暴力鎮(zhèn)壓，黑人以防火、掠搶為抵擋。而雙方的大人物寧靜地論及暴力，貌似這是一種合法的解決方案。就此指出人類的進(jìn)步只在于外觀――衣飾等，人類的本能沒有變更。整個有記錄歷史的文件