月六級第三套考試真題及答案

2014年12月大學英語六級考試真題(三)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthendiscusswhatqualitiesanemployershouldlookforinjobapplicants.Youshouldgivesoundargumentstosupportyourviewsandwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B．,C．andD．,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerrSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。1.A．Proceedinhisownway.B．Sticktotheoriginalplan.C.Compromisewithhiscolleague.D．Trytochangehiscolleague'smind.2.A．Maryhasakeeneyeforstyle.B．Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.C．NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRome.D．NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.3.A．Washthedishes.B．Gotothetheatre.C．PickupGeorgeandMartha.D．Takeherdaughtertohospital.4.A．Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople.B．Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.C．Sheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman.D．Sheisthebestinformedwomanintown.5.A．Acardealer.B．Amechanic.C．Adrivingexaminer.D．Atechnicalconsultant.6.A．Theshoppingmallhasbeendesertedrecently.B．Shopperscanonlyfindgoodstoresinthemall.C．Lotsofpeoplemovedoutofthedowntownarea.D．Thereisn'tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.7.A．Hewillhelpthewomanwithherreading.B．Theloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.C．Hefeelssleepywheneverhetriestostudy.D．Acozyplaceisratherhardtofindoncampus.8.A．Toprotectherfromgettingscratches.B．Tohelprelieveherofthepain.C．Topreventmosquitobites.D．Toavoidgettingsunburnt.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A．Inastudio.B．Inaclothingstore.C．Atabeachresort.D．Atafashionshow.10.A．Tolivetherepermanently.B．Tostaythereforhalfayear.C．Tofindabetterjobtosupportherself.D．TosellleathergoodsforaBritishcompany.11.A．Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies.B．Modelingforaworld-famousItaliancompany.C．WorkingasanemployeeforFerragamo.D．ServingasasalesagentforBurberrys.12.A．Ithasseenasteadydeclinein.itsprofits.B．Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.C．Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeigncompanies.D．Ithasattractedalotmoredesignersfromabroad.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A．Ithelpshertoattractmorepublicattention.B．Itimprovesherchanceofgettingpromoted.C．Itstrengthensherrelationshipwithstudents.D．Itenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter.14.A．Passively.B．Positively.C．Skeptically.D．Sensitively.15.A．Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.B．Herteachingwassomewhataffectedbyit.C．Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.D．Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A．Towinoverthemajorityofpassengersfromairlinesintwentyyears.B．ToreformrailroadmanagementinwesternEuropeancountries.C．ToelectrifytherailwaylinesbetweenmajorEuropeancities.D．TosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope.17.A．MajorEuropeanairlineswillgobankrupt.B．Europeanswillpaymuchlessfortraveling.C．TravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswillbecutbyhalf.D．TrainswillbecomethesafestandmostefficientmeansoftravelinEurope.18.A．Traintravelwillprovemuchmorecomfortablethanairtravel.B．Passengerswillfeelmuchsaferonboardatrainthanonaplane.C．Railtransportwillbeenvironmentallyfriendlierthanairtransport.D．Travelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthan,byair.19.A．In1981.B．In1989.C．In1990.D．In2000.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A．Therecanbenospeedyrecoveryformentalpatients.B．Approachestohealingpatientsareessentiallythesame.C．Themindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole.D．Thereisnocleardivisionoflaborinthemedicalprofession.21.A．Adoctor'sfamestrengthensthepatients'faithinthem.B．Abuseofmedicinesiswidespreadinmanyurbanhospitals.C．Onethirdofthepatientsdependonharmlesssubstancesforcure.D．Apatient'sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery.22.A．Expensivedrugsmaynotprovethemosteffective.B．Theworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover.C．Doctorsoftenexaggeratetheeffectoftheirremedies.D．Mostillnessescanbecuredwithoutmedication.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A．Enjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions.B．Defyingalldangerswhentheyhaveto.C．Beingfondofmakingsensationalnews.D．Dreamingofbecomingfamousoneday.24.A．Workinginanemergencyroom.B．Watchinghorrormovies.C．Listeningtorockmusic.D．Doingdailyroutines.25.A．Arockclimber.B．Apsychologist."C．Aresidentdoctor.D．Acareerconsultant.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。Ifyou'relikemostpeople,you'veindulgedinfakelisteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlooksquarelyattheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,26inthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams.Occasionallyyoucomebacktoearth:Theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthechalkboard,andyou27copyitinyournotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa28remark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou'veheardtheremarkandfounditmildlyhumorous.Youhaveavaguesenseof29thatyouaren'tpayingcloseattention,butyoutellyourselfthatanymaterialyoumisscan30fromafriend'snotes.Besides,theinstructor'stalkingaboutroad31inancientRome,andnothingcouldbemoreboring.Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld.Onlylaterdoyourealizeyou'vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fakelisteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakers32facialcuesandcantellifyou'remerelypretendingtolisten.Yourblankexpressionandthefarawaylookinyoureyesarethecuesthat33yourinattentiveness.Evenifyou'renotexposed,there'sanotherreasontoavoidfakery:It'seasyforthis34tobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthattheyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomething35oruninteresting.Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformation.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itwas10yearsago,onawarmJulynight,thatanewbornlambtookherfirstbreathinasmallshedinScotland.Fromtheoutside,shelookednodifferentfromthousandsofothersheepbornon36farms.ButDolly,astheworldsooncametorealize,wasno37lamb.Shewasclonedfromasinglecellofanadultfemalesheep,38long-heldscientificdogmathathaddeclaredsuchathingbiologicallyimpossible.Adecadelater,scientistsarestartingtocometogripswithjusthowdifferentDollywas.Dozensofanimalshavebeenclonedsincethatfirstlamb_mice,cats,cowsand,mostrecently,adog--andit'sbecoming39clearthattheyareall,inonewayoranother,defective.It's40tothinkofclonesasperfectcarboncopiesoftheoriginal.Itturnsout,though,thattherearevariousdegreesofgenetic41.Thatmaycomeasashocktopeoplewhohavepaidthousandsofdollarstocloneapetcatonlytodiscoverthatthebabycatlooksandbehaves42liketheirbelovedpet--withadifferent-colorcoatoffur,perhaps,ora43differentattitudetowarditshumanhosts.Andthesearejusttheobviousdifferences.Notonlyareclones44fromtheoriginaltemplate(模板)bytime,buttheyarealsotheproductofanunnaturalmolecularmechanismthatturnsoutnottobeverygoodatmaking45copies.Infact,theprocesscanembedsmallflawsinthegenesofclonesthatscientistsareonlynowdiscovering注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A．abstractF.identicalK．overturningB．completely.G.increasinglyL．separatedC．desertedH．miniatureM．surroundingD.duplicationI．NothingN．systematically.E.everythingJ.ordinaryO．temptingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ShouldSingle-SexEducationBeEliminated?A）Whyisaneuroscientistheredebatingsingle-sexschooling?Honestly,IhadnofixedideasonthetopicwhenIstartedresearchingitformybook,PinkBrain,BlueBrain.Butanydiscussionofgenderdifferencesinchildreninevitablyleadstothisdebate,soIfeltcompelledtodiveintotheresearchdataonsingle-sexschooling.IreadeverystudyIcould,weighedtheexistingevidence,andultimatelyconcludedthatsingle-sexeducationisnottheanswertogendergapsinachievement--orthebestwayforwardfortoday'syoungpeople.Aftermybookwaspublished,Imetseveraldevelopmentalandcognitivepsychologistswhoseworkwasaddressinggenderandeducationfromdifferentangles,andwepublishedapeer-reviewedEducationForumpieceinSciencemagazinewiththeprovocativetitle,"ThePseudoscienceofSingle-SexEducation."B）Weshowedthatthreelinesofresearchusedtojustifysingle-sexschooling--educational,neuroscience,andsocialpsychology--allfailtosupportitsallegedbenefits,andsothewidely-heldviewthatgenderseparationissomehowbetterforboys,girls,orbothisnothingmorethanamyth.TheResearchonAcademicOutcomes.C）First,wereviewedtheextensiveeducationalresearchthathascomparedacademicoutcomesinstudentsattendingsingle-sexversuscoeducationalschools.Theoverwhelmingconclusionwhenyouputthisenormousliteraturetogetheristhatthereisnoclearacademicadvantageofsittinginall-femaleorall-maleclasses,inspiteofmuchpopularbelieftothecontrary.Ibasethisconclusionnotonanyindividualstudy,butonlarge-scaleandsystematicreviewsofthousandsofstudiesconductedineverymajorEnglish-speakingcountry.D）Ofcourse,there’remanyexcellentsingle-sexschoolsoutthere,butasthesecarefulresearchreviewshavedemonstrated,it'snottheirsingle-sexcompositionthatmakesthemexcellent.It'salltheotheradvantagesthataretypicallypackedintosuchschools,suchasfinancialresources,qualityofthefaculty,andpro-academicculture,alongwiththefamilybackgroundandpre-selectedabilityofthestudentsthemselvesthatdeterminetheiroutcomes.E）AcaseinpointisthestudybyLindaSaxatUCLA,whouseddatafromalargenationalsurveyofcollegefreshmentoevaluatetheeffectofsingle-sexversuscoeducationalhighschools.CommissionedbytheNationalCoalitionofGirls'Schools,therawfindingslookprettygoodforthefunders--higherSATscoresandastrongeracademicorientationamongwomenwhohadattendedallgirls'highschools(menweren'tstudied).However,oncetheresearcherscontrolledforbothstudentandschoolattributes--measuressuchasfamilyincome,parents'education,andschoolresources--mostoftheseeffectswereerasedordiminished.F）Whenitcomestoboysinparticular,thedatashowthatsingle-sexeducationisdistinctlyunhelpfulforthem.Amongtheminorityofstudiesthathavereportedadvantagesofsingle-sexschooling,virtuallyallofthemwerestudiesofgirls.There'renorigorousstudiesintheUnitedStatesthatfindsingle-sexschoolingisbetterforboys,andinfact,aseparatelineofresearchbyeconomistshasshownbothboysandgirlsexhibitgreatercognitivegrowthovertheschoolyearbasedonthe"dose"ofgirlsinaclassroom.Infact,boysbenefitevenmorethangirlsfromhavinglargernumbersoffemaleclassmates.Sosingle-sexschoolingisreallynottheanswertothecurrent"boycrisis"ineducation.BrainandCognitiveDevelopmentG）Thesecondlineofresearchoftenusedtojustifysingle-sexeducationfallssquarelywithinmyareaofexpertise:brainandcognitivedevelopment.It'sbeenmorethanadecadenowsincethe"brainsexmovement"beganinfiltrating(滲入)ourschools,andthereareliterallyhundredsofschoolscaughtupinthefad(新潮).PublicschoolsinWisconsin,Indiana,Floridaandmanyotherstatesnowproudlydeclareontheirwebsitesthattheyseparateboysandgirlsbecause"researchsolidlyindicatesthatboysandgirlslearndifferently,"dueto"hard-wired"differencesintheirbrains,eyes,ears,autonomicnervoussystems,andmore.H）Allofthesestatementscanbetracedtojustafewwould-beneuroscientists,especiallyphysicianLeonardSaxandtherapistMichaelGurian.Eachgiveslectures,runsconferences,anddoesalotofprofessionaldevelopmentonso-called"gender-specificlearning."[analyzedtheirvariousclaimsaboutsexdifferencesinhearing,vision,language,math,stressresponses,and"learningstyles"inmybookandalongpeer-reviewedpaper.Otherneuroscientistsandpsychologistshavesimilarlyexposedtheirwork.Inshort,themechanismsbywhichourbrainslearnlanguage,math,physics,andeveryothersubjectdon'tdifferbetweenboysandgirls.Ofcourse,learningdoesvaryalotbetweenindividualstudents,butresearchreliablyshowsthatthisvarianceisfargreaterwithinpopulationsofboysorgirlsthanbetweenthetwosexes.I）TheequalprotectionclauseoftheUSConstitutionprohibitsseparationofstudentsbysexinpubliceducationthat'sbasedonpreciselythiskindof"overbroadgeneralizationsaboutthedifferenttalents,capacities,orpreferencesofmalesandfemales."Andthereasonitisprohibitedisbecauseitleadsfartooeasilytostereotypingandsexdiscrimination.SocialDevelopmentalPsychologyJ）Thatbringsmetothethirdareaofresearchwhichfailstosupportsingle-sexschoolingandindeedsuggeststhepracticeisactuallyharmful:socialdevelopmentalpsychology.K）It'sawell-provenfindinginsocialpsychologythatsegregationpromotesstereotypingandprejudice,whereasintergroupcontactreducesthem--andtheresultsarethesamewhetheryoudividegroupsbyrace,age,gender,bodymassindex,sexualorientation,oranyothercategory.What'smore,childrenareespeciallyvulnerabletothiskindofbias,becausetheyaredependentonadultsforlearningwhichsocialcategoriesareimportantandwhywedividepeopleintodifferentgroups.L）Youdon'thavetolookfartofindevidenceofstereotypingandsexdiscriminationinsingle-sexschools.Therewasthefailedsingle-sexexperimentinCalifornia,wheresixschooldistrictsusedgenerousstategrantstosetupseparateboys'andgirls'academicsinthelate1990s.Onceboysandgirlsweresegregated,teachersresortedtotraditionalgenderstereotypestoruntheirclasses,andwithinjustthreeyears,fiveofthesixdistrictshadgonebacktocoeducation.M）Atthesametime,researchersareincreasinglydiscoveringbenefitsofgenderinteractioninyouth.AlargeBritishstudyfoundthatchildrenwithother-sexoldersiblings(兄弟姐妹)exhibitlessstereotypicalplaythanchildrenwithsame-sexoldersiblings,suchasgirlswholikesportsandbuildingtoysandboyswholikeartanddramaticplay.Anotherstudyofhighschoolsocialnetworksfoundlessbullyingandaggressionthehigherthedensityofmixed-sexfriendshipswithinagivenadolescentnetwork.ThenthereisthefindingwecitedinourSciencepaperofhigherdivorceanddepressionratesamongalargegroupofBritishmenwhoattendedsingle-sexschoolsasteenagers,whichmightbeexplainedbythelackofopportunitytolearnaboutrelationshipsduringtheirformativeyears.N）Whetherinnurseryschool,highschool,orthebusinessworld,gendersegregationnarrowsourperceptionsofeachother,facilitatingstereotypingandsexistattitudes.It'sverysimple:themorewestructurechildrenandadolescents'environmentaroundgenderdistinctionsandseparation,themoretheywillusethesecategoriesastheprimarybasisforunderstandingthemselvesandothers.O）Genderisanimportantissueineducation.Therearegapsinreading,writing,andscienceachievementthatshouldbenarrower.Therearegapsincareerchoicethatshouldbenarrower--ifwereallywanttomaximizehumanpotentialandAmericaneconomicgrowth.Butstereotypingboysandgirlstheminthenameoffictitious(虛擬的)braindifferencesisnevergoingtoclosethesegaps.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。46.Hundredsofschoolsseparateboysfromgirlsinclassontheallegedbrainandcognitivedifferences.47.Areviewofextensiveeducationalresearchshowsnoobviousacademicadvantageofsingle-sexschooling.48.Theauthordidnothaveanyfixedideasonsingle-sexeducationwhenshebeganherresearchonthesubject.49.Researchfoundmenwhoattendedsingle-sexschoolsintheirteensweremorelikelytosufferfromdepression.50.Studiesinsocialpsychologyhaveshownsegregationinschooleducationhasanegativeimpactonchildren.51.Reviewsofresearchindicatetherearemoredifferencesinbrainandcognitivedevelopmentwithinthesamesexthanbetweendifferentsexes.52.Thefindingsofthenationalsurveyofcollegefreshmenabouttheimpactofsingle-sexschoolingfailtotakeintoaccountstudentandschoolattributes.53.Itwasn'tlongbeforemostoftheschooldistrictsthatexperimentedwithsingle-sexeducationabandonedthepractice.54.Boysfromcoeducationalclassesdemonstrategreatercognitiveabilitiesaccordingtotheeconomists'research.55.Ascarefulresearchreviewsshow,academicexcellenceinsomesingle-sexschoolsisattributedtootherfactorsthansingle-sexeducation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD．.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Internationalgovernments'inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主動出擊的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegoodnessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealisationthattheenvironmentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits"PlanA"sustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover~200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated~105millionby2011/12.Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"quickwin"opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepack.Therearefartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestments.Theyremainstuckinthe"environmentiscost"mentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenvironmentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebiggestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous,The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityis"increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"--inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。56.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?A．Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.B．Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.C．Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'economicgrowth.D．Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.57.WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?A．Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.B．Astrongsenseofresponsibility.C．Thedesiretogenerateprofits.D．Pressurefromenvironmentalists.58.Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?A．Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.B．Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.D．Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.C．Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.59.Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?A．Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.B．Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.C．Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.D．Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.60.Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?A．Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.B．Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.C．Theyhaveabandonedalltheoutdatedequipmentandtechnology.D．Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilitytogatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions--thateverythingthatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilteroutemotionalismandideology;thatdatawillhelpusdoremarkablethings--likeforetellthefuture.Overthenextyears,I'mhopingtogetabettergriponsomeofthequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:Inwhatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignoreintuitionandfollowthedata?Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsofeventsarenot?IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmind,believingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesiretoreduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.First,it'sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyeverypersonwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivesensethattheycanpowerfullyinfluencetheiroddsofwinningtheelectioniftheycanjustraiseandspendmoremoney.Butthisislargelywrong.Afterthe2006election,SeanTrendeconstructedagraphcomparingtheincumbent(在任者的)campaignspendingadvantageswiththeireventualmarginsofvictory.Therewasbarelyanyrelationshipbetweenmorespendingandabiggervictory.Likewise,manyteachershaveanintuitivesensethatdifferentstudentshavedifferentlearningstyles:someareverbalandsomearevisual;somearelinear,someareholistic(整體的).Teachersimaginetheywillimproveoutcomesiftheytailortheirpresentationstoeachstudent.Butthere'snoevidencetosupportthiseither.Second,datacanilluminatepatternsofbehaviorwehaven'tyetnoticed.Forexample,I'vealwaysassumedpeoplewhofrequentlyusewordslike"I,""me,"and"mine"areprobablymoreself-centeredthanpeoplewhodon't.ButasJamesPennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasnotesinhisbook,TheSecretLifeofPronouns,whenpeoplearefeelingconfident,theyarefocusedonthetaskathand,notonthemselves.High-status,confidentpeopleusefewer"I"words