2007年12月英語四級真題及答案

200712月四級考試Part (30PartⅡRadingcomprehension(Skimmingandscanning)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepasssagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Asneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshave einstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshave Moreself-consciousyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesof（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallOftheforcesshahighereducationnoneismoresweethanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelotodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelocountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000heUnitedStates,institutionsarehelplacestudentsinsummerinternships（實習(xí)）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledthewayofferingeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshathewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.AsaresultofitsstrengthinsciencetheUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologiesfromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andapplicationssoftwareofbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld, ernmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,where andscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.MostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationalEconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundis e,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyas ingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthat ingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStates eambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍視valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityas internationaluniversitystudents.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshave A．moreandmoreresearch-orientedD．a(chǎn)powerfulforceforOverthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedA．by2.5million B．by800,000C．a(chǎn)tanannualrateof3.9percentD．a(chǎn)tanannualrateof8percentIntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareA．10%B．20%C．30%HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalA．TheyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomyB．TheyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpoliticsC．TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogramD．TheygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorAnexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationisA．Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchB．Yale’shelChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsC．Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsD．Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworldWhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromIthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITand ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordIthasincreasedby3IthasbeenmorethanItdoubledbetween1998and9．ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhoThepolicyof ingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayandPartⅢ ListeningComprehension Direction:Inhissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe C)ShewassomewhatShewaspopularamong D)Shedidn’tdowellA)At Havingconfidenceinher linghersonnottoA)Haveashort D)GoonvacationwiththeA)Heistakingcareof C)HeisworriedaboutC)Hehabeenfeelingillall D)HehasbeeninperfectA)ShesoldallherfurniturebeforesheShestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinSheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinA)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’tThewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisThewomandoesn’tfindtheThewomanforgotlendingthebooktoFewpeopleshareThemandoesn’tlooklikeaThewomandoubtstheman’sathleticA)ShehaspackeditinoneofShehasprobablyleftitinaSheisafraidthatshehaslostit.20)A)Itendsinwinter.B)Itwillcostheralot.C)Itwilllastoneweek.D)Itdependsonthe21.A)TheplaneistakingoffTheremightbeatrafficAtAt23.A)SheisthirstyShewantsaSheistiredofherpresentShewantstosaveD)Environmentengineer.25.A) B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C)Devotionandworkefficiency. Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassage.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestions.,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26．A）Theycarealotaboutchildren.TheyneedlookingafterinTheywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D）Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.27.A.B.TheirbirthinfromationisC.TheirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealD.Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknow28.B.TheydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsofC.TheyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalD.Theyarefullyaware theexpensesinvolvedinthe29.A.Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-B.Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.C.Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.D.AdoptionhasmuchtoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustB.HeboughtThewashingC.Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D.Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.31.A.ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigB.ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.C.Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder. positionwhenhe32.A.PeoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninB.KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshaAmericans’mind.C.AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.D.Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust33.A.It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestB.It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltheatment.C.It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises. ygetbacktheB）Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.C）Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.Theymaynotbeableto35．A）Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.B）Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.C）Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.D）Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis（36） .Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries（37） twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.They38） sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery（39） oftroubleinthe（40） ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe41）ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe（42）workinginfactories.Now,however,the43） isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld: .Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersorotherfacilities.（46）agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingPartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)Directions:Inthissection．Thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,ChildrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecentersInAfghanistan,BosniaandColombiahowevergroupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolve s,tookonthe48ofpeacemakersTheChildren’sMovementforpeacemakerswasevennominated(提名ortheNobelpeaceprizein1998.Groupsofchildren49ispeacemakersstudiedinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownaTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeach empowerschildrentotakeastep52toward ingpeacemakers.Fortuna y,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstaringaKindnessn.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassanonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsanideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school. D)cooperative L)respectively H)imagesSectionB

O)Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbyunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelineByalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’t.Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.WhilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldifferDLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructionspostsyllabi課程大綱),readingassignmentsandschedulesonWebsitesandstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mailGenerallyspeakingface-to-faceTheattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobviousPrimarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNetyoucandothework,astheysayinyourpajamas睡衣ButfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourseWhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percenttherateforonlinestudentsis35percentStudentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetupInasurveyconductedforeCornelltheDLdivisionofCornellUniversitylessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroommoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstocollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升級)systemsThemorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampusthemoretheschoolsavesonkeethelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingvarietyofreasons,won’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.AllitscoursesareItsonlinecoursesareofItboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsAnyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58．Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby Thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgroundsC)Aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)tthecasualrelationshipbetweenManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecause EarntheiracademicD)WorkontherequiredcourseswheneverandwhereverWhataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlineThereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofTheevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisThereisnomechanismtoLackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessAccordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurpose

D)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage. activitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyes.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation（啟示）camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwantto lthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously（自由地）toldthem. myselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters, sandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirsttradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfistmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIkonwverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgradeIhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting（借用）mydaughter’sexperence.Whilestepbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandWhatdowelearnfromthefirstChildrendofindlotsoffuninRebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisureRebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforWhatdidtheauthorsayaboutShedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.ShewasconstantlyunderpressureofMostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedWhydidRebeccawanttoShewassureofwinningwithherShehadwonaprizeinWhat’stheauthor’sadviceforAwritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheiropinions.Part （15 Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B）,C）andD）ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerOnefactorthattheirmoodst