科普閱讀技巧

科普英語(yǔ)快速閱讀技巧B下面介紹幾種通過(guò)上下文推斷詞義的行之有效的方法：連詞動(dòng)詞tobe

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經(jīng)常提供生詞的確切含義。例如：(1)Dr.Cowingsisatypeofscientistknownasapsychophysiologist.Psychophysiology

isthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenmindandbody.(2)Thewordecologymeansthestudyofrelationshipbetweenlivingthingsandtheirenvironment.ItisderivedfromtwoGreekwordsmeaningthestudy(-logy)ofhome(eco-).Themeaningofecologyisappropriate,forallthingshaveaplaceorhomeinnature.Thishomeincludesthevariousphysicalconditionsinwhicheachlivingthinginteractsandsurvives,competesandcooperates.2.同位語(yǔ)往往給出生詞的確切含義。

(1)Dr.Lorenzisrecognizedasoneofthefoundersofethology,thestudyofanimalbehavior.

(2)or有時(shí)作為連接詞，引導(dǎo)同義詞或同義短語(yǔ)。例如：

Lipids,orfats,canbemeasuredinthelaboratory.(3)有時(shí)生詞后面沒(méi)有同位語(yǔ)，也沒(méi)有給出定義的tobe，但是后面的句子表達(dá)了該詞的確切意思。例如：

Anotherhabitwhichcanslowyourreadingiscalled“subvocalization”.Inthiscaseyourlipsdonotmove,butyoustill“hear”eachwordinyourheadasyoureadsilently.

3.以下副詞、短語(yǔ)“similarly”，“thatistosay”，“inother

words”和“thatis”引出的句子有時(shí)重述前面生詞的含義。例如：(1)Maryfeltperturbed;THAT

IS,shewasgreatlydisturbedbyhersister’sactions.(2)Throughalltheiryellingandscreamingsheremainedaloof,THATISTOSAY,shepaidthemnoattentionatall.4.句中出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：逗號(hào)（,）、破折號(hào)（—）、冒號(hào)（:）、引號(hào)（“”）、括號(hào)（()），是猜測(cè)詞義的重要線索。

例如：Nowtheymovefromcitytocityinvansandlimousines—bigcars—ratherthanwagonsandcarts.5.生詞后面出現(xiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句往往解釋了該詞的詞義。例如：Overthepastcenturies,theearthhasbeenstruckbymeteorites,whicharefragmentsfromotherpartsofthesolarsystem.

6.利用生詞后面出現(xiàn)的實(shí)例來(lái)判斷該詞的詞義。例如：Doctorshavemadegreatprogressintreatingandcuringmanyseriousillnesses.However,

theyhavebeenunabletofindwaystopreventthemostcommonillness.Itseemsthatsuchmaladies

ascolds,fevers,andsorethroatswillalwaysbeapartoflife.7.以下副詞和短語(yǔ)，例如“however”，“ontheotherhand”，“instead”，“ratherthan”，“unlike”，“yet”，“but”能提供相反的信息，所以我們常常因此而確定某個(gè)生詞的含義。

例如：(1)Fredlikestospendhismoney.ONTHEOTHERHAND,Melisveryfrugal.Fredisusuallyacheerfulperson;HOWEVER,Melisusuallysullen.(2)RAHTERTHANlikingthemovie,asIexpectedthemto,allmyfriendsabhorredit.8.觀察生詞本身，構(gòu)詞法（合成、轉(zhuǎn)化、派生）能幫助我們確定詞義。例如：

Hemadethemoney

dishonestly.9.在“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）+主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)與主補(bǔ)互相提供生詞的含義。例如：

(1)Evennow,accordingtothereport,morethan400millionpeoplesufferfromseriousmalnutrition.Malnutritionisdefinedasnotgettingenoughfoodenergytocarryouteverydaytasks.(2)Asentenceinwhichsomeinformationisunnecessaryrepeatediscalledredundant.10.通過(guò)邏輯推理，有時(shí)自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識(shí)能幫助我們確定詞義。例如：Fishesliveinwaterandhavefinswhichh