高考總復習第一輪高二(下)03版2

高考總復習第一輪高中英語第二冊（下）Unit11Scientificachievements單詞adj.solar,daily(day-to-day),likely(possible,potential,expectant,prospective),private(personal,closed-door),perfect(unearthly,finished,full,ideal,pure,absolute),adv.daily(p.d.),forward(ahead,along,on)n.mankind(human,humanbeing,mankind,people,man),constitution,valley(canyon),support,base(abasearea,bottom,floor,foot,root),march(process,progress),failure,organ,zone(section,area,district,region,reach,extent,land),institute(academy,college,association,union),breakthrough,battle(fighting,action,warring)master(goodman,host,housemaster,friend,master-hand),agency(institution,organ,setup,organisation,wheel),evolution(development,progress,outspread),v.man(control),support(holdout,bear,providefor),achieve(gain,obtain,acquire,win,attain,cometrue,realize,carryout),grasp(seize,catch/get/takeholdof,fist,understand,comprehend),master(control,command,bemasterof),arrange(dealwith,plan,planandprepare,design,clean/clearup,packup,settle,tidy,tidyup,lay),rely(dependon,leanupon,tieto,trust,restonexpect),mark(indicate,denote,express,figure,show),march(carrythrough,goalong,putup),aim(takeaim,),announce(declare,setout,pronounce),battle(struggle),詞組setfoot(in)haveaneffectoncometolifeputforwardaim(sth)at語法構詞法考點預測*daily/everyday/everyday的用法。*achieve的用法。*likely/possible/probable用法辨析。*grasp/master/seize/catch用法辨析。*failure/success名詞為抽象、具體用法。*forward構成的各種詞組的詞義辨析。*life所組成的各種詞組的用法辨析及l(fā)ife單復數用法。*haveaneffecton詞組的活用(如在被動語態(tài)，定語從句中的運用)。一、重點單詞講解1.man/mankind/human/humanbeing/people/personman1)人類[U]不與冠詞連用Mancanconquernature.人類能夠征服自然。Man’sknowledgeofthingsdevelops.人類的知識總是不斷發(fā)展的。2)manandwife夫妻(不與冠詞連用)Theyaremanandwife.他們是夫妻。mankind集合名詞,不與冠詞連用.“全人類”,相對動物而言

Mankindismuchhappierthanitwas.人類要比過去幸福得多了。Mankindareprogressive.人類是不斷進步的。Diseaseisanenemyofmankind.疾病是人類的一大敵。humann.&adj.人，人類的

ahuman一個人=ahumanbeingtwohumans

兩個人=twohumanbeings

humanhistory人類的歷史thehumanrace人類

people集合名詞，不可與a或one連用，作主語時，謂語用復數?？芍浮叭耍嗣瘛?，也可指“民族”。thepeople

人民apeople

一個民族person人,可數名詞aperson一個人twopersons

兩個人歸納：

ahumanbeing,ahuman一個人類

aperson一個人apeople一個民族Thereisonlyonepersonintheroom.房子里只有一個人。TheChineseareaheroicpeople.中華民族是一個英雄的民族。Thehighesthonouristoservethepeople.最高的榮譽是為人民服務。Peoplesaythatthebridgewasbuiltbyaking.據說這座橋是由一個國王修建的。拓展：1.manv.給……配備人員(manned,manning)Theydecidedtomantheship.他們決定為這艘船配備船員。Tenworkerswerecalledtomantheproductionline.10名工人被派到生產線上進行操作。2)mannedadj.(載人的)mannedspacecraft載人太空飛船3)man-made人造的man-madesatellites人造衛(wèi)星2.daily1)adj.每天的(=everyday)2)adv.每天(=everyday)adailynewspaper日報(everyday)Wegotheretwicedaily(everyday).inourdailylife=inoureverydaylife3.achievevt.達到；得到；實現；完成(指成功地完成或達到某一目標)1)achievableadj.能完成的，能達到的2)achievementn.成就,成功[C]makegreatachievements3)achievesuccess/victory獲得成功/取得勝利4)achieveone’sgoal/purpose實現自己目標/達到目的5)achieveagoodresult取得好的結果

achieve常與anything,everything,something,nothing及goal,purpose,aim等連用，指“取得……”Byhardworkingwecanachieveanything.只要我們努力任何事情都會成功。Thescientistmadegreatachievementsinhisfield.這位科學家在他的領域里取得了很大的成就。Hehopestoachieveallhisaimsbytheendoftheyear.他希望到年底達到所有的目標。4.likelyadj.可能的；預期的(主語為人，物)1)sbbelikelytodosth

某人有可能做某事Theyarelikelytocomeintime.他們很可能按時來。2)Itislikelythat…很可能……(it為形式主語，that+從句為真正主語)Itis/seemslikelythatanaccidentwillhappen.看來要發(fā)生事故了。3)sthbelikelytodo某事有可能……Anaccidentislikelytohappen.可能會出事故。4)like+n.可能的Whatisthelikeliesttimetofindhiminhisoffice?什么時候最可能在他辦公室找到他？5)likelier/likeliest比較級/最高級6)very/mostlikely相當于probably很可能地Theywillvery/mostlikelycomebycar.他們很可能開車過來。----Isitlikelythathewillcomebycar?----No,it’snotverylikely.----他可能會開車過來嗎？----不，那不大可能。拓展：possible/probable/likely1)notpossible=impossible2)possible不可用作sb作主語，一般用it作主語，主要用于以下句型：if(itis)possible如有可能ItispossibleforsbtodosthItispossiblethat…It’spossibleforhimtocomehereontime.他可能準時到達。It’spossiblethathewillcomehereontime.很可能他按時來。Iwillvisitherifpossible.如有可能我會拜訪她。probableadj.“很可能”相當于verylikelynotprobable不大可能probable主要指有根據的、合乎情理的、值得相信的事物，帶有“大概、很可能”的意味，不以人或不定式作主語。Itispossiblebutnotprobablethathewillcomehereontime.他有可能但可能不大能按時來。5.seize/grasp/mastergrasp1)抓牢；握緊(take/keepholdof)Grasptherope,please!請抓住繩子。Graspyourchancewhenyoucan.有機會就要抓住。2)領悟，明白(understand)Igraspedthemainpointsofthespeech.我領會了這篇文章的要點。seize1)抓住(takeholdof)2)攻占(takebyforce)Grasp/Seizetheopportunity/chance.Theenemyseizedthecity/thevillage.敵人攻占了城市/村莊。Themanseizedtheboybythecollar.這個人抓住了這個小孩的衣領。mastern.男主人；男教師；碩士(學位)；大師，熟練工人，師傅v.征服；控制；精通Hehasgothismaster’sdegree.他已取得碩士學位。TheChinesepeoplehavebecomemastersoftheircountry.中國人民已經成為自己國家的主人。JinYongisamasterinliterature.金庸是一個文學大師。MrChengisourmaths

master.程先生是我們的數學老師。Mancanmasternature.人能夠征服自然。Tomhasmasteredfourforeignlanguages.湯姆精通四門語言。6.failuren.失敗1)失敗[U]opp.success2)失敗的人或物[C]3)failv.failtodosth/failin(doing)sth

未能做成某事Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗是成功之母。Asawriter,heisafailure.作為作家，他是失敗的。Hefailedtopass/inpassingtheexam.他考試沒能通過。7.markv.&n.1)mark…with…(=bemarkedwith)用……作標記2)標記著，表示，打分，3)分數Thedirtroadwasmarkedwithfootprints.這條泥路布滿腳印。TheGreatRevolutionmarksthebeginningofanewhumanhistory.這次大革命標志著人類歷史的新開端。Eachmorningtheteachermarksthepupilspresent,absentandlate.每天早晨，老師都會登記學生出席、缺席和遲到的情況。Hemarkedthework10outof10.他把這個工作打了滿分。Tomgotfullmarksinthisexam.湯姆在這次考試中得了滿分。二、重點詞組講解1.cometolife1)蘇醒過來=cometooneself=cometoone’ssensesAfterfirstaid,thepatientcamebacktolifeatmidnight.急救后，病人在半夜蘇醒過來。2)表現興奮，振作起來(becomeexcited/interestedin…)Heisverycoolwithwifebuthereallycomestolifewithhisfriends.他對妻子非常冷淡，但與朋友們在一起卻很活躍。Wehopehe’llcometohimselfandcorrecthismistakes.我們希望他能夠覺醒過來，改正錯誤。2.haveaneffecton/upon對……有影響1)effect在本詞組一般沒有數的變化，多做單數。2)effect前可以與不同的形容詞連用。3)注意介詞on/upon不可換為其他介詞。4)注意此詞組在被動語態(tài)與定語從句中的運用。havenoeffecton對……不起作用haveacertaineffecton對……有一定影響haveabad/goodeffecton對……有壞/好影響haveagreat/mucheffecton對……有很大影響havelittleeffecton對……幾乎無效sthcomeintoeffect生效，實行，實施bringsthintoeffect實行，實施(be)ofnoeffect無效的，無用的ineffect實際上Theteacher’swordsalwayshaveagreateffectonstudents.老師的話對學生往往有很大影響。Smokinghasabadeffectonpeople’shealth.抽煙對人的身體有害。Themedicinewilltakeeffectsoon.藥會馬上生效。三、重點句型講解1.Notall….部分否定1)not與all/both/everything/everybody/everywhere等表示完全意義的詞連用，表示部分否定。即Notall/both/every……或All/Both/Everything…not…Notallstudentsattendedthemeeting.不是所有的學生都參加了會議。(=Allstudentsdidn’tattendthemeeting.)Bothofhisdaughtersarenotdoctors.他們兩個女兒不都是醫(yī)生。=Notbothofhisdaughtersaredoctors.2)not與always/often/quite等詞連用也表示部分否定。Heisnotalwayslateforclass.3)英語中全部否定句要借助于否定詞no,noone,neither,none,nobody,nothing,hardly,seldom,little等詞來表達。Nostudentattendedthemeeting.Neitherofhisdaughtersisadoctor.他兩個女兒都不是醫(yī)生。比較Eitherofhisdaughtersisadoctor.他的兩個女兒中有一個是醫(yī)生。Noneofthestudent(s)attendedthemeeting.沒有一個學生出席了會議。名題1.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith____.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing2.Theconferencehasbeenheldtodiscusstheeffectsoftourism____thewildlifeinthearea.A.inB.onC.atD.withUnit12Factandfantasy單詞n.fiction(novel,story,storybook),belief(faith,confidence,hope,trust,godliness,religion),league(union,corporation),balloon(airballoon),botany,servant(civilservant,official,employee),whale,hunter(huntsman,searcher,seeker),collision(hit),companion,guest(passenger,passer,visitingprofessor),voyage(shipping,sailing),iron,lamp(light),prisoner,marble(marbleproducts),shore(bank),luggage(baggage,packing),phenomenon(pl.phenomena),labour(effort,struggle,work,housework,working),butcher(flesher,meatman),curtain(windowcurtain,screen),lipv.apply(exercise,handle,manage,tryfor,askforbeg,claim,desire,prayfor,request),dislike,hesitateadj.permanent(lasting,fixed,immobile,settled,immovable),gentle(kindly,mild,soft,tender,polite,well-mannered),brilliant(bright,clever,cute,intelligent,wise,outstanding,splendid,topping)adv.aboard(onthewater,onboard)詞組makealivingsetoutinpublicthrowlightuponcutup語法構詞法考點預測*belief構成的詞組及引導名詞從句的用法。*apply的用法。*voyage/journey/trip/tour/visit等用法辨析。*setout用法及set所組成的詞組的辨析。*light所組成的詞組的辨析(如:throwlightupon等)。*public與冠詞的用法。一、重點單詞講解1.aboardadv.&prep.在船(飛機,車上);上船(飛機,車)1)adv.Shehasgoneaboard.(=Sheisonboardnow.)她已上了飛機(船,車)了。2)prep.(常用go/getaboard+交通工具,此詞組中aboard可用onaboard替換)Shehasgoneaboardtheplane.她已上了飛機。(go/getaboardtheplane=go/getonaboardtheplane)3)boardvt.上車/船/飛機n.板子Hehasboardedtheplane.他已上了飛機。(=Hehasgoneaboardtheplane.=Hehasgoneonaboardtheplane.)4)abroadadv.在國外的，在海外的，常用與詞組：goabroad出國athomeandabroad在國內外Hewillgoabroadnextmonth.他下個月出國。Iwanttocollectnewsathomeandabroad.我想收集一些國際、國內的消息。2.beliefn.信仰，信念1)多指不可數名詞，主要用于以下詞組，但用作不同類型的信仰，可用復數形式。havebeliefin相信,信仰haveastrongbeliefin非常相信……h(huán)avenobeliefin不相信havemuchbeliefin很相信……beinthebeliefthat…相信……DoyouhavebeliefinGod/him?你信仰上帝/相信他嗎？

(havebeliefin=believein)Whatareyourreligious/politicalreliefs?什么是你的宗教/政治信仰？Iaminthebeliefthathe’llcomeontime.我相信他會按時來得。2)拓展：相信havetrustin/believein/trust(in)/havefaithin短語：beyondbelief難以置信的believeitornot信不信由你2.applyv.應用；運用；申請；請求1)applicationn.申請，請求appliedadj.2)applysth

運用，應用某物Applyasmuchforceasispossible.(use)需要多少力就用多少。3)applysthtosth

把……運用到/應用于……Weshouldapplythetheorytopractice.我們應該把理論運用于實踐。4)applyto適用于……Thelawdoesn’tapplytothem.這條法律并不適用于他們。5)applyforsth

申請某物Iwillapplyforthejobtomorrow.我將明天申請這個工作。6)applytosbforsth

向某人申請某物Iwillapplytomyteacherforsomehelp.我會向老師求助的。(=turntotheteacherforsomehelp)7)applyoneself/one’smind/one’senergytosth/doingsth

專心于做某事Iwillapplymyself/mymind/myenergyto/doingthejob.我會專心于這個工作的。4.hesitatevi.躊躇；猶豫hesitationn.withhesitation猶豫withouthesitation毫不猶豫2)hesitatetodosthIfthereisanythingyouwant,pleasedon’thesitate

totellme.你如果需要什么，請別客氣向我要好了。3)Ihesitatetoaskyou,but……我本不想/愿……Ihesitatetoaskyou,butwillyoulendmesomemoney?我本不想開口的，你能不能借點錢給我？4)hesitateaboutsth/doingsth

Areyoustillhesitatingaboutbuyingacar?你對買那車還猶豫不決嗎？5)hesitateoversth

Shehesitatedoverthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.她決定不了這兩件衣服該選哪一件。6)hesitateindoingsthDon’thesitateindoinganythinggood.不要對做好事猶豫不決。二、重點詞組講解1.throwlightupon闡明某事，使某事顯得清楚，也作cast/shedlightupon(=makesthclear)Therewasnothingtothrowlightontheconnectionbetweenthetwomen.沒有什么能使人了解這兩個人之間的關系。(explainclearly)Thediarythrew/cast/shedmuchlightuponherdeath.這篇日記對她的死因說的很清楚。(=madethecauseofherdeathclear)三、重點句型獨立主格結構Theyfindthemselvessurroundedbycolorfulrocks,fishes,seashellsandplants,allwavingandmovingslowlyinthebluewaters.他們發(fā)現自己被五彩的巖石，魚類，貝殼及海中植物包圍著，他們都在藍色的海水中慢慢地游動著，移動著?！璦llwavingandmovingslowlyinthebluewaters.該結構為獨立主格結構，在句中作伴隨狀語。其構成有：1)主語+現在分詞(主語與謂語動詞為主動關系)2)主語+過去分詞(主語與謂語動詞為被動關系)3)主語+不定式4)主語+形容詞(短語)5)主語+副詞6)主語+介詞短語7)主語+數詞作用：1)獨立主格結構在句中作狀語，有時可以轉換為狀語從句。2)獨立主格結構前有時可加介詞with，構成with復合結構。例如：Timepermitting,we’llgoouttomorrow.(名詞+現在分詞，條件狀語)如果時間允許，我們明天外出。Everythingconsidered,wedecidedtotakemeasurestonight.(名詞+過去分詞，時間狀語)Springcomingon,thefieldsturngreen.(名詞+現在分詞，時間狀語)Allhismoneylost,heboughtnothing.(名詞+過去分詞，原因狀語)It’shisfirstkid,thesecondtocometoo.(名詞+不定式，伴隨狀語)Hecamehome,hisnoseredwithcold.(名詞+形容詞短語，伴隨狀語)Classesover,everybodyranout.(名詞+副詞，時間狀語)Theboystoodstill,handsinhispockets.(名詞+介詞短語，伴隨狀語)Shenhastwosons,onesix,theotherten.(名詞+數詞，伴隨狀語)名題1.____hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.DislikeB.UnlikeC.AlikeD.Liking2.Withtheelectricity____,allthemachinesstopped.cutoffB.cutdownC.wascutoffD.wascutdowndislikev.不喜歡，厭惡；unlikeprep.不像；和……不同；alikeadj.相像的；相似的likingn.愛好3.It’stenyearssincethescientist____onhislife’sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedupmakefor朝……前進，有利于；setout開始，出發(fā)，動身；takeoff拿去，去掉turnup出現，露面on從事；of同位關系Unit13Thewaterplanet單詞n.cube(block,cake,loaf,mass,piece),sailor(seaman,mariner,shipman),benefit(advantage,good,interest,profit,usage),transport(conveyance,traffic,transportation),hydrogen,atom(atomy),oxygen,solid,freezing(freezingpoint),gramme(=gram),relationship(connection,relation,contact,touch),mass(quality,block,cake,loaf,mass,piece,agreatlot,agreatdeal),kilogramme(=kilogram,kg),substance(matter,majoridea),nursery,recreation(amusement,entertainment,fun,sport),gallon(gal.)v.benefit(profit),transport(convey,carry),range(alter,change,move,transform),float(swim,wash),decrease(reduce,cutdown),absorb(drinkin,suck),trust(rely,believe,credit)adv.thus(so,inthisway)adj.unique(oneandonly,only,particular,untouchable),cubic(cubical),relative(opposite),solid(firm,hard),freezing(iced),pure(sincere),centigrade,stable(steady,deep-set,locked-in),sensitive(impressible,impressionable),steady(balanced,smooth,windless)詞組

benefitfromallthewaytakeadvantageofgiveoffcallinavarietyof語法情態(tài)動詞考點預測*情態(tài)動詞的用法。*benefit/profit的用法。*relative/relation/relationship/tie用法辨析。*absorb/takein等用法辨析。*thus/therefore/besides/however/nevertheless等詞義辨析。*way構成的詞組的詞義辨析。*call所構成的詞組的詞義辨析。*所構成的詞組的詞義辨析(giveoff/giveout/givein等)。一、重點單詞講解1.benefitvi.&vt.使受益；得益n.利益1)AbenefitBA對B有用處/有利(=AprofitB)Thelawwillbenefitthepeople.這部法律將會有益于人民。Thenewbridgewillbenefitthecity.這座大橋將對這城市有利。2)BbenefitfromAB從A中得到好處/受益(=BprofitfromA)Ibenefitedfrommyfriend’sadvice.我受益于朋友的勸告(=Igotmuchbenefitfrommyfriend’sadvice.)3)getbenefitfrom從中受益4)beofmuchbenefitto=beofgreatuseto=beveryuseful/helpfultoThebookisofmuchbenefittome.這本書對我很有幫助。2.rangevi.1)在一定范圍內變化，變動常用于rangefrom…to…/between…and…Thechildren’sagesrangefrom/between5to/and15.學生們的年齡從5歲到15歲不等。TheHimalayasrangefromwesttoeast.喜馬拉雅從西延伸到東。3.massn.1)質量Doyouknowtherelationofenergyandmass?你知道能量和質量的關系嗎？2)大量，團，塊amassof/massesofThereareamassofpapersonthetables.桌子上有很多文件。Amassof/Massesofearthisovertheground.地上有一堆土。Themassofthestudentssupporttheidea.大部分學生支持這個建議。(相當于themajorityof/mostof)3)inthemass總體上，整個兒地Weshouldconsidertheprobleminthemass.我們應該從整體上考慮這個問題。4)themasses群眾Wemustdependonthemasses.我們必須依靠群眾。4.absorb1)吸收(液體)Theinkwasabsorbedbythepaper.墨水被紙吸干了2)理解，領會(知識，主意等)Sheissmartandabsorbsnewideasquickly.她聰明接受新思想快。3)兼并，收容(公司，國家等)Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusiness.大部分的小店都被并入大公司。4)全神貫注，專心Iwassoabsorbedin(reading)abookthatIdidn’thearyoucall.我太專心了，以至于我沒有聽到你叫我。拓展：專心做某事beabsorbedinsth/doingsthbedeep/buried/lostindevoteoneselftopayone’sattentiontoapplyoneself/one’smind/one’senergytoputone’sheartandsoultogive/keepone’smindtodosthheartandsoulbeemployedinsth/doingsth5.thusadv.如此，那樣1)onlythus=onlyinthisway2)thusdoing引導結果狀語從句3)相當于so/thereforeHespokethus.(=inthisway,inthismanner,bythismeans)他是這樣說的。Onlythus

canwefinishtheworkontime.只有這樣，我們才能按時完成工作。Wehopethenewmachinewillworkfaster,thusreducingourcosts.我們希望機器操作快點，如此就可降低成本。Costsareup,thuspricesmustrise.成本增加了，價格必然上升。二、重點詞組講解1.alltheway/allthetimealltheway1)自始至終(frombeginningtoend)2)從遠道3)一路上4)完全地(completely)Conditionsarechangingalltheway.情況在不斷地變化著。Dr.BethunecameallthewayfromCanada.白求恩大夫不遠萬里從加拿大到來。Iranallthewaytotheoffice.我一路跑到辦公室。Westayedinthegamealltheway(fromthebeginningtoend).我們自始至終參加了比賽。Hewasallthewaybacktonormal.他完全恢復了正常。(completely)Welaughedandsangalltheway.我們一路上笑著、唱著。Welaughedandsangallthetime.我們一直笑著、唱著。三、重點句型1.Thereisnoneedfor…沒有必要……1)Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth

forsth

沒有必要做某事