VoiceofCourage+勇氣之聲譯文

wordword可編輯UnitTwo:HistoryandPersonalityTextAVoiceofCourageByJonathanAlter一勇氣之聲〔美國〕喬納森?奧爾特AfewdaysafterFranklinDelanoRooseveltwasswornintooffice,hesatintheWhiteHouseworkingonaradiospeechaboutthecountry'sbankingcrisis,scheduledfordeliveryonSunday,March12,1933.ItwasthedepthsoftheDepression,withaquarterofAmericansoutofwork,homelessanddestitute.Glancingoutthewindow,FDRsawaworkmantakingdowntheinauguralscaffoldingontheWhiteHousegrounds.在富蘭克林?德拉諾羅斯福宣誓就職的幾天后，他坐在白宮里起草一份關(guān)于美國銀行業(yè)危機(jī)的廣播演說,它將于1933年3月12日這個(gè)星期天播出。此時(shí)此刻,美國正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的水深火熱之中，四分之一的美國人不是失業(yè)，就是無家可歸，窮困潦倒。羅斯福向窗外望去，只見一個(gè)工人正在拆掉白宮臨時(shí)搭建的總統(tǒng)就職演說的平臺。"IdecidedI'dtrytomakeaspeechthatthisworkmancouldunderstand,"hetoldLouisHowe,hischiefaide.“我一定要讓這樣的普通工人也能聽得懂我的演講?！彼麑κ紫砺芬姿?霍夫說。TheAmericaneconomicsystemwasinastateofshock.OnSaturday,March4,afewhoursbeforeFDR'sswearing-in,thegovernorsofNewYork,IllinoisandPennsylvaniasignedordersclosingbanksinthosestates.TheNewYorkStockExchangehadsuspendedtrading,andtheChicagoBoardofTradebolteditsdoorsforthefirsttimesinceitsfoundingin1848.Theterrifying"runs"thatbegantheyearbeforeonmorethan5,000failingbankshadstrippedruralareasofcapitalandnowthreatenedtooverwhelmAmericancities.美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系正處于危難之中。3月4日星期六，就在羅斯福宣誓就職前幾個(gè)小時(shí)，紐約州、伊利諾斯州和賓夕法尼亞州的州長們剛剛簽署了指令，關(guān)閉這些州的銀行。紐約證券交易所已經(jīng)暫停了交易。而自從1848年成立以來,芝加哥期貨交易所也頭一次關(guān)上了大門。始于前一年的“擠兌”現(xiàn)象令人驚慌，5000多家銀行倒閉，農(nóng)村資金極度匱乏，而現(xiàn)在美國的城市也面臨著全面的危機(jī)。Thiswasthebottom.Ifyouhadyourmoneyinabankthatwentbust,youwerewipedout.Withnoideawhetherbankswouldreopen,millionsofpeoplehidtheirfewremainingassetsundertheirmattresses,wherenoonecouldstealthemwithoutafight.這就是底線了。如果你存錢的銀行倒閉了，那么你也就完蛋了。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的美國人無法確定銀行是否能夠重新開門，于是把自己僅剩的那點(diǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)都藏在褥墊下面。除非經(jīng)過一場激戰(zhàn)，藏在這里的錢誰也偷不走。Roosevelt'sinauguraladdressattheCapitolhadbeguntorestorehope,withhisstandoutline,"Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself."Yetthegreatestapplausecamewhenhesaidthatifhisreformprogramwasnotadopted,"IshallaskCongressfortheoneremaininginstrumenttomeetthecrisis:broadexecutivepowertowageawaragainsttheemergency."羅斯福在國會的就職演講給人們重新帶來了希望，他那句最著名的話給人們留下了深刻的印象：“唯一值得恐懼的就是恐懼本身?！碑?dāng)提到若改革措施不被接受時(shí)，他的決心得到了人們的大聲喝彩：“我將向國會要求對付危機(jī)的最后手段——向緊急狀況開戰(zhàn)的廣泛行^權(quán)力。”ThenFDRusedanewmediuminanewwaytochangemillions.羅斯福以新的方式利用了一種新媒體,改變了百萬人的生活。ThefirstPresidentialradiobroadcastwasintroducedbyRobertTroutofCBS,whoreadfromafolksyscriptapprovedbyFDR:"ThePresidentwantstocomeintoyourhomeandsitatyourfiresideforalittlefiresidechat."FDRbroughtnaturaltalenttotherole.Hisspeakingvoicewasabeautiful,relaxedtenor,notthecontrivedbassoprofundoofpompouspoliticians.第一次總統(tǒng)廣播演講是由CBS的羅伯特?特勞特向公眾介紹的，這份親切的介紹詞受到了羅斯福的肯定：“總統(tǒng)希望來到你的家里，坐在壁爐旁，與大家做個(gè)爐邊小談?！睂τ谕瓿蛇@個(gè)任務(wù)，羅斯福有著天分。他的音質(zhì)優(yōu)美，語調(diào)放松，與那些華而不實(shí)的政客的虛情假意完全不同。Rooseveltowedmuchtotechnologicalgoodfortune.In1921,thenumberofradiosintheUnitedStateswasinthethousands.By1928,therewere9million,andby1932,18million,withabouthalfthehouseholdsowningatleastoneradio.HerbertHooverhadappearedononeofthefirst"telecasts"producedbyaninfanttechnologycalledtelevision,butneitherhenoranyoneelseknewhowtousethebroadcastingmediumeffectively.羅斯福的爐邊談話大大受益于技術(shù)的發(fā)展。1921年,全美收音機(jī)的數(shù)量只有幾千臺。而到了1928年,這個(gè)數(shù)字就達(dá)到了900萬臺。到1932年的時(shí)候,全美已經(jīng)有1800萬臺收音機(jī)了，大約有一半的家庭每家至少有一臺收音機(jī)。赫伯特?胡佛利用過一種叫做電視的新生技術(shù)，他曾經(jīng)首次出現(xiàn)在“電視廣播”上。但無論是胡佛還是其他人，都不知道如何有效地利用廣播媒體。Roosevelt,though,wasdifferent.然而，羅斯福則與眾不同。Allafternoon,workersbusilyremovedthegoldpiecesandPresidentialchinapatternsintheDiplomaticReceptionRoomontheWhiteHousegroundfloor.Incamebulkyelectricalequipmentandtelephonecables,connectedtoadeskandbuilt-inmicrophone.Meanwhile,Rooseveltpicturedpeople"gatheredintheparlor,listeningwiththeirneighbors,"wroteFrancesPerkins,whowitnessedmanybroadcasts."Ashetalked,hisheadwouldnodandhishandswouldmoveinnatural,relaxedgestures.Hisfacewouldlightupasthoughhewereactuallysittingwithpeople."整個(gè)下午，工人們都在忙著搬走白宮外交接待大廳里的各種金飾品和總統(tǒng)瓷器，而搬進(jìn)來的則是笨重的電氣設(shè)備和電話電纜，這些設(shè)備都與一臺桌子和內(nèi)置的麥克風(fēng)相連接。與此同時(shí)，羅斯福想象人們“聚在客廳里，與他們的鄰居共同傾聽”。曾經(jīng)親歷了無數(shù)廣播現(xiàn)場的弗朗西斯?珀金斯如是寫道，“當(dāng)羅斯福說話的時(shí)候，他點(diǎn)著頭，并且做出各種自然而放松的手勢。他的面孔熠熠生輝，就好像真的與人們坐在一起談話一樣。”Theritualwentthisway:Upstairs,FDRwouldputthefinishingtouchesoneverywordandphrase.Hewasobsessedwithpunctuation.GraceTully,hissecretary,sometimesinsertedextracommaswhenshetyped,leadingherbosstogentlyupbraidherfor"wastingthetaxpayers'commas."Hisrealconcernwastiming.Hereadaloudatabout100wordsaminute,butheadjustedhispaceforeffect.At6p.m.,Roosevelthadhisthroatsprayedforasinusproblem.Thenheenjoyedcocktailsanddinner.整個(gè)過程是這樣進(jìn)行的：在樓上，羅斯福對每個(gè)單詞和短語進(jìn)行最后的潤色。他對標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號非常在意，而秘書格雷斯?塔利打字時(shí)有時(shí)會多打一些逗號，她的老板會因此語氣和善地批評她“浪費(fèi)納稅人的逗號”。羅斯福最關(guān)心的是時(shí)間把握問題。他大聲朗讀的速度大約是每分鐘100個(gè)單詞，但是他會調(diào)整自己的速度以求得到最好的效果。下午6點(diǎn)鐘，因?yàn)楸歉]的問題羅斯福讓人幫他沖洗了喉嚨，然后就開始享用雞尾酒和晚餐了。MomentsbeforethefirstFiresideChatwastoair,therewasacrisis.Noonecouldfindhisleather-boundreadingcopy.PanicensuedforeveryoneexceptFDR,whocalmlypickedupasmudged,mimeographedcopy.Aftersippingfromaglassofwater,hereadthewordsperfectlyontheair.就在第一次爐邊談話播出前一刻，還發(fā)生了一場危機(jī)：那份用皮革包邊的朗讀稿找不到了。大家都驚慌失措，而羅斯福則沒有。他冷靜地拿起一份臟兮兮的油印稿，啜飲了一點(diǎn)水之后，開始完美地朗讀起來，并同時(shí)向全國播出。Thebeautyofthatfirstprime-timeradiospeechwasitsclarity.FDRwalkedpeoplethroughthebasicsofbankingwithoutbeingpatronizing.Heoutlinedtheprocessfordecidingwhichbankstoopen."Hemadeeveryoneunderstandit,eventhebankers,"WillRogersquippedlater.這次黃金時(shí)段的廣播演講其美妙之處在于它的清晰。羅斯福幫助人們了解了銀行業(yè)的基本原理，而沒有任何施恩于人的姿態(tài)。對于哪些銀行要開業(yè)，他大體介紹了其決策過程?！八屆總€(gè)人都清楚明白——甚至包括銀行家在內(nèi)?！蓖?羅杰斯后來打趣地說道。Inthemiddleofthespeech,Rooseveltsaidsimply,"Icanassureyouthatitissafertokeepyourmoneyinareopenedbankthanunderthemattress."Byraisinganissuethatmadesomanyfeelshameful,heliftedtheshame—offeringlistenersawaytostrikeapatrioticblowbysimplydepositingmoneyintoasolventbank.Thosewhoplannedinsteadtowithdrawmoneyweregentlythrowninwithanunsavorylot.Hoarding,thePresidentsaid,"hasbecomeanexceedinglyunfashionablepastime."在演講中，羅斯福簡單地說道：“我敢向大家保證，把錢存在重新開業(yè)的銀行里，比放在褥子底下要安全?！彼峒傲诉@件讓很多人羞愧的事情,旨在幫助人們擺脫羞愧一一他告訴人們只要把錢存入有償付能力的銀行，就是一種愛國之舉。而打算把錢從銀行取走則被溫和地指為不明智的行為?？偨y(tǒng)說,囤積，“已經(jīng)成為一種極度不流行的消遣行為了?！盩henhereturnedtothemessopopularinhisinaugural."Confidenceandcouragearetheessentialsincarryingoutourplan.Letusuniteinbanishingfear.Wehaveprovidedthemachinerytorestoreourfinancialsystem.Togetherwecannotfail."然后他又回到在其就職演說中深受歡迎的主題?！霸趫?zhí)行計(jì)劃的過程中，信心和勇氣必不可少。讓我們聯(lián)合起來，趕走恐懼。我們已經(jīng)有了恢復(fù)金融體系的機(jī)制。只要團(tuán)結(jié)起來,就不會失敗的?！盝imFarley,atoppoliticaladvisor,wrotethatifjudgedbyitsimpact,thisspeechmayhavebeenthegreatestsingleutterancebyanAmericanPresident."Noothertalkevercalledforthsuchawaveofspontaneousenthusiasmandcooperation."With60millionpeoplelistening,theeffectwasimmediate.Thenextday,Monday,March13,newspapersreportedlonglinesofAmericansanxioustoredeposittheirmoney.TheNewYorkStockExchange,closedforoveraweek,opened15percenthigher,thelargestone-daysurgeinmorethanhalfacentury.Withinaweek,mostoftherecentlyclosedbanksreopened.高級政治顧問吉姆?法利認(rèn)為，如果以影響力作為評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么這次演講可被認(rèn)為是美國總統(tǒng)所做的最偉大的一次演講了。“沒有哪一次談話能夠像它一樣激起人們?nèi)绱藦?qiáng)烈的自發(fā)熱情和合作?！?000萬人同時(shí)傾聽，產(chǎn)生的即時(shí)效果是可想而知的。第二天一一3月13日——是個(gè)周一，報(bào)紙報(bào)道說美國人排起了長隊(duì)，急切地要把錢重新存回銀行。而關(guān)閉了一周多的紐約證券交易所也重新開市了，當(dāng)天高開了15%,創(chuàng)造了半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來的單日最大漲幅。爐邊談話后的一個(gè)星期之內(nèi)，大多數(shù)最近關(guān)閉的銀行都重新開業(yè)了。GeraldFord,about20atthetime,rememberedFDR'sFiresideChatsas"bigevents—wewouldallstopandlisten."RonaldReagan'sbiographer,LouCannon,haswrittenthatReagan's"metaphorsweretheoffspringofFDR's."AndBillClintonrecalledhearinghisgrandfathertalkabouthowhesatinraptattention,"thenwenttoworkthenextdayfeelingalittledifferentaboutthecountry."當(dāng)時(shí)杰拉德?福特只有20歲左右，他回憶說羅斯福總統(tǒng)的爐邊談話是“重要的事情——我們都會停下手頭的事情傾聽”。羅納德?里根的傳記作家盧?坎農(nóng)寫道，里根的“比喻說話方式得到了羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)的‘遺傳工比爾?克林頓也回憶說，他的祖父談到自己當(dāng)時(shí)聽羅斯福的演講時(shí)，會全神貫注「第二天上班的時(shí)候，感覺到這個(gè)國家已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。AfterthefirstFiresideChat,FDRrelaxedinhisoffice.At11:30p.m.hesaid,"Ithinkit'stimeforbeer."PreparationsforabilltospeedtheendofProhibitionbeganthatnight.第一次爐邊談話之后，羅斯福在辦公室里稍稍放松了一下。晚上11點(diǎn)半的時(shí)候，他說：〃該喝點(diǎn)啤酒了。"就在那一天晚上，他開始了加速取消禁酒令的準(zhǔn)備工作。Vocabularyswear[]v.toadmitsomeonetoaparticularofficeorpositionbydirectingthemtotakeaformaloath宣誓delivery[]n.givingaspeechinpublic演講destitute[]adj.havingnomoney,nofood,nohomeetc.困窮的inaugural[]adj.(ofanofficialspeech)first,andmarkingthebeginningofsth.important就職的，開始的scaffolding[]n.asetofpolesandboardsbuiltintoastructureforworkerstostandonoutsideofabuilding腳手架aide[]n.sb.helpingapersonwithanimportantjob,esp.apolitician＜美＞助手，副官swearing-in[]n.makingapromisetodoajobcorrectly宣誓就職suspend[]v.toofficiallystopsomethingfromcontinuing,esp.forashorttime暫停bolt[]v.tolockadoororwindowbyslidingaboltacross上門閂?專業(yè).專注.?專業(yè).專注.wordword可編輯10.overwhelm[]v.tosurprisesomeoneverymuchsothattheydonotknowhowtoreact使人不知所措asset[]n.thepropertyofaperson,company,etc.,esp.ofvalue資產(chǎn)mattress[]n.thesoftpartofabedtolieon床墊Capitol[]n.thebuildinginWashingtonD.C.wheretheUSCongressmeets國會大廈restore[]v.tomakesomethingreturntoitsformerstateorcondition恢復(fù)15.standout[]adj.apersonorsth.inagroupmuchbetterthanalltherest出色的，杰出的16.Congress[]n.thegroupofpeopleelectedtomakelawsintheUS,consistingoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives(美國等國的)國會，議會17.executive[]adj.relatingtothejobofmanagingabusinessororganizationandmakingdecisions彳亍政的18.wage[]v.tobeginandcontinueawar,abattle,etc.發(fā)動19.folksy[]adj.(infml.)esp.AmEfriendlyandinformal和氣的,無拘束的script[本tenor[]n.thewrittenformofaspeech,play,filmetc.手稿，原]n.ahighmalesingingvoice男圖音22.contrived[]adj.seemingfalseandnotnatural人為的，做作23.bassoprofundon.(pl.bassoprofundos)adeepbasssingvoice低音24.pompous[]adj.feelingoneselfbetterthanothers浮夸的25.telecast[]n.sth.broadcastontelevision電視廣播25.telecast[bulky[]adj.biggeranddifficulttocarryorstore體積大的parlor[]n.(old-fashion)aroominpubicbuildingstoreceiveguests會客室obsess[]v.tobetalkingorworryingaboutsth.allthetime著迷29.punctuation[]n.themarkstodividewriting29.punctuation[intosentences,phrases,etc.標(biāo)點(diǎn)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號upbraid[]v.(fml.)toblamesb.havingdonesth.wrong責(zé)備timing[spray[smalldropstiming[spray[smalldrops噴身寸sinus[]v.toforceliquidoutofacontainerinastreamofvery]n.thespacesinthebonesofone'sheadconnectedtotheinsideofone'snose竇air[]v.tobroadcastaprogramontelevisionorradio(用無線電,電視)播送panic[]n.asuddenstrongfeelingoffearornervousnessmakingsb.unabletothinkclearly驚慌，恐慌ensue[]vi.tohappenafterorasaresultofsomething冗艮著發(fā)生smudge[]v.tomakeadirtymarkonasurface弄臟mimeograph[]n.acopymadebyusingaduplicator油￡印品prime-timen.thetimeintheeveningwiththelargestnumberofpeoplewatchingtelevision黃金時(shí)段

patronizing[]adj.showingoneselfbetter,ormoreintelligent高人一等的41.quip[]v.tosaysomethingcleverandamusing嘲弄42.assure[]v.totellpositivelyorconfidently向…保證43.solvent[]adj.havingenoughmoneytopayyourdebts有償付能力的44.unsavory[]adj.disgusting令人討厭的45.lotn.agrouporsetofpeopleorthings—ftt,一類人或物46.hoarding[]n.store貯藏47.pastime[]n.somethingenjoyableorinteresting消遣，娛樂48.theme[]n.themainsubjectorideainwriting,speech,film,etc.(談話,寫作等的）主題49.banish[]v.totrytostopthinkingaboutsomethingorsomeone消除50.utterance[]n.(fml.)somethingapersonsays說話51.spontaneous[]adj.notplannedororganized,buthappeningbyitself自發(fā)的，自然產(chǎn)生的surge[]n.asuddenincreaseinamountornumber居U增rapt[]adj.attentive全神貫注的Phrasesandexpressions1.workon:totryhardtoimproveorachievesomething從事于；致力于2.takedown:opieces拆卸3.gobust:togobankrupt[俚]破產(chǎn);完蛋4.wipedout:[notbeforenoun](infml.)extremelytired精疲力竭的.專業(yè).專業(yè).專注.wordword可編輯thefinishingtouch:thelastdetail最后一筆walksb.throughsth.:tohelpsb.learnorbecomefamiliarwithsth.幫助某人了解某事strikeablowforsb./sth.:tohelpachieveanaim幫助某人獲得成功callforth:toproduceaparticularreaction使起作用NotesJonathanAlter:JonathanAlter(1957-)isacolumnistandsenioreditorforNewsweekmagazine,wherehehasworkedsince1983.Fornearlytwodecades,hehaswrittenawidelyacclaimedcolumnthatexaminespolitics,media,andsocialandglobalissues.Formorethanadecade,hehasworkedasacontributingcorrespondenttoNBCNews.FranklinDelanoRoosevelt:FranklinD.Roosevelt(1882-1945),thethirty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945).AssumingthePresidencyatthedepthoftheGreatDepression,FranklinD.RoosevelthelpedtheAmericanpeopleregainfaithinthemselves.Hebroughthopeashepromisedprompt,vigorousaction,andassertedinhisInauguralAddress,"theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself."TheDepression:The“GreatDepression”(1929-1939)wasaperiodinUnitedStatesHistorywhenbusinesswaspoor.Banks,stores,andfactorieswereclosedandleftmillionsofAmericansjobless,homeless,andpenniless.Manypeoplecametodependonthegovernmentorcharitytoprovidethemwithfood.TheDepressionbecameaworldwidebusinessslumpofthe1930'sthataffectedalmostallnations.大蕭條TheNewYorkStockExchange:TheNewYorkStockExchange(NYSE),nicknamedthe"BigBoard,"isaNewYorkCity-basedstockexchange.Itisthelargeststockexchangeintheworld.紐約證券交易所TheChicagoBoardofTrade:AnimportantmarketinChicago,US,inwhichfuturecontractsforthedeliveryofcommoditiesareboughtandsold.芝加哥交易所RobertTrout:(1909-2000)anAmericanbroadcastnewsreporter,bestknownforhisradioworkbeforeandduringWorldWarII.HeanchoredCBSNewscoverageofWorldWarIIandcoinedthephrase"firesidechat"todescribePresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt'sradioaddressestothenation.CBS:ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem哥倫比亞廣播公司HerbertHoover:(1874-1964)aUSpoliticianintheRepublicanPartyandPresidentoftheUSfrom1929to1933FrancesPerkins:(1882-1965)secretaryoflaborforthe12yearsofFranklinD.Roosevelt'spresidencyandthefirstwomantoholdaCabinetpostWillRogers:(1879-1935),firstanIndian,acowboy,thenanationalfigureJimFarley:(1888-1973)appointedbyFDRpostmastergeneralandpartychairmanin1933andlateroneofFDR'sclosestpoliticaladvisorsGeraldFord:(1913-2006)Thirty-eighthPresident(1974-1977)RonaldReagan:(1911-2004)thefortiethPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1981-1989)LouCannon:(1933-)anAmericannon-fictionauthorandbiographer.HecoveredReaganforovertwenty-fiveyearsandtheauthorof"PresidentReagan:TheRoleofaLifetime"BillClinton(1946-):theforty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1993-2001)Prohibition:theperiodfrom1919to1933intheUSwhentheproductionandsaleofalcoholicdrinkswasillegal禁止，阻止，＜美＞禁酒令ExercisesI.QuestionsfordiscussionWhydoestheauthorsaythattheAmericaneconomicsystemwasinastateofshock?WhatisthemostencouraginglineinFDR’sspeech?WhydoestheauthorsaythatRooseveltowedmuchtotechnologicalgoodfortune?HowdidFDR’sspeechaffectpeopleandwhy?Howdoyouunderstandthetitleanddoestheword“courage”inthetitleonlyreferstothecourageshownbyFDR?II.Fillintheblankswiththewordsfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.ensuewageoverwhelmrestoreobsessdestitutepanicfolksyassetsdeliverysuspendadoptbanishquipassure1.You'llhavetoworkonyour,foryou’llfacealargeaudience.Theunprecedentedfloodsleftmanypeopleandhomeless.Salesofthedrugwillbetemporallyuntilmoretestsarecompleted.IwascompletelybyhisgenerositytooffermetheopportunitytousehisluxurycarwhenIfirstmethim.Hewasonceanimmigrantworkerbuthasnowacorporationwith$2billioninShewashopingthattheMediterraneanclimatewouldhertofullhealthandenergy.Thecourtswereaskedtoamoreflexibleapproachtoyoungoffendersinsteadofaseverepunishment.Thecouncilhasavigorouscampaignagainsttheproposalputforwardbythenewlyelectedpresident.TheSmithshavelivedinthetownformorethan50yearsandtheyhaveaspecialloveforthetownwhichhasacertaincharm.Alotofyounggirlsarebytheirweightandmostofthemchoosetogoonadiet.Thewholenationisinastateoffollowingtheunexpectedattacksfromtheworld.Thenewgovernorisbusysolvingproblemsthatfromfoodandmedicalshortages.Whenpersuadedtogiveupsmoking,hewould“Givingupsmokingiseasy.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes.”Sheisseriouslyillforthemoment,butherdoctorhasusthatshe'llbefineinnotime.Theparentsaretryingtotheunpleasantmemoryfromtheirson’smind.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthegivenwords.Thetwoboyswerefriendsalltheweek,andembattledenemiesonSaturdays.(swear)Apostmanisamanemployedtolettersandparcels.(delivery)Policyandactionalikegainedimmediateandsupportathome.(overwhelm)Theofthispolicywouldrelievethemofatremendousburden.(adopt)Inrecentyears,manychildren'swelfareinstitutionshaveraisedfundstohaveoperationsfordisabledchildreninwelfareinstitutions.(restore)Publicationofhisbiographywastocoincidewithhis70thbirthdaycelebrations.(timing)Berthatriedtospeak,butherthroatwasdry,andshecouldnoword.(utterance)Heconsumedalargeplatefuloftheverystew.(unsavory)Isitbettertospendyourmoneytodayoreverypennyinthebankfortomorrow?(hoarding)Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhaveanwiththeirweatherandthat,givenhalfachance,theywilltakeaboutitatlength.(obsess)Paraphrasethefollowingsentencesfromthetext.Theterrify