語法3-名詞性從句

雅思語法名詞性從句1content名詞性從句的本質(zhì)主語從句賓語從句名詞性從句的本質(zhì)三種句子擔(dān)任四種成分三種句子：陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句四種成分：主語、賓語、表語、同位語名詞性從句的本質(zhì)陳述句（一件事做句子中名詞擔(dān)任的成分）你沒來參加聚會(huì)讓我很生氣。That

you

didn’t

attend

the

party

infuriated

me.我不知道你沒來參加聚會(huì)。I

don’t

know

that

you

didn’t

attend

the

party.that是后加的，存在只是為了引起從句，不充當(dāng)從句的成分名詞性從句的本質(zhì)一般疑問句句（一個(gè)是非問題做句子中名詞擔(dān)任的成分）沒人知道是否有外星生命。No

one

knows

is

there

extra-terrestrial

life.

No

one

knows

if

there

is

extra-terrestrial

life.whether/if也是后加的，存在是為了存住句子的疑問意義，有“是否”的含義，但也不擔(dān)任任何從句的成分。原本的疑問句語序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。名詞性從句的本質(zhì)特殊疑問句句（一個(gè)特殊疑問句做句子中名詞擔(dān)任的成分）你能告訴我郵局在哪嗎？Can

you

tell

me

where

is

the

post

office?Can

you

tell

me

where

the

post

office

is?對(duì)于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞充當(dāng)從句連接詞。不同疑問詞充當(dāng)不同成分。原本的疑問句語序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。exercise將括號(hào)中句子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)變化后填入空格中。There

is

a

popular

saying

____(

Family

instability

causes

social

instability.)No

one

knew

____

(Would

interest

rate

rise?)I

am

interested

in

the

question

____

(

will

people

live

on

the

moon

someday?)No

one

knows

for

sure

____.

(Will

the

gains

be

greater

than

the

losses?)exercise將括號(hào)中句子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)變化后填入空格中。My

question

is

____.

(Do

we

have

enough

time

to

go

to

the

movie?)____

is

wholly

new

kind

of

police

force.

(What

do

we

need?)Children

often

ask

____.(How

do

bears

survive

winter?)____

has

not

yet

been

decided.

(When

is

the

meeting

to

be

held?)主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句Whether及關(guān)系代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句Because引導(dǎo)的主語從句主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般置于句末，偶爾可以置于句前海洋正在被人們過度捕撈，許多年來這已經(jīng)是人盡皆知的事情了。That

the

seas

are

being

overfished

has

been

known

for

years.It

has

been

known

for

years

that

the

seas

are

being

overfished.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般置于句末，偶爾可以置于句前地球板塊是在漂移的，這一點(diǎn)毫無爭(zhēng)議。That

the

plates

are

moving

is

not

beyond

dispute.It

is

not

beyond

dispute

that

the

plates

are

moving

.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It做形式主語，真正的主語是句子后半部分that引導(dǎo)的從句主語從句置于句首的句子是loosesentence主語從句置于句末的句子是periodic

sentence主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句A

loosesentence

puts

the

main

idea

before

all

supplementary

information.easier,

simpler,

more

natural

and

directIn

a

periodic

sentence,

the

main

idea

is

expressed

at

or

near

the

end

of

it,

and

it

is

not

grammatically

complete

until

the

end

is

reached.more

complex,

emphatic,

formal,or

literary

----

A

handbook

of

writing主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句She

decided

to

study

English

though

she

was

interested

in

music.

Although

she

was

interested

in

music,

she

finally

decided

to

study

English.It

has

been

known

for

years

that

the

seas

are

being

overfished.more

complex,

emphatic,

formal,or

literary主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+that從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itisbelievedthat…人們相信Itisgenerallythoughtthat…人們普遍認(rèn)為Itshouldbenotedthat…應(yīng)當(dāng)注意Ithasbeenfoundthat…現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須指出還有say,

expect,

know,

estimate,

forecast,

suggest等主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+that從句Ithasbeensuggestedthatchildrenholdmistakenviewsaboutthe‘pure’sciencethattheystudyatschool.Itisgenerallybelievedthatlargenumbersofpeoplewereneededtobuildthepyramids.Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio-economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+that從句Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio-economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.Itispopularlybelievedthatifpeoplearetalentedinonearea,theymustbedefectiveinanother.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+that從句眾所周知，環(huán)境污染問題是中國乃至世界面臨的最為嚴(yán)重的問題之一。ItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatenvironmentalpollutionbecomesoneofthemostseriousproblemsinChinaoreventheworldasawhole.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+that從句第一，人們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到旅游的發(fā)展通過產(chǎn)生大量就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和增加外匯收入的方式刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。Initially,itstimulateeconomicgrowthbygeneratingenormousemploymentopportunitiesandincreaseforeignexchangeearnings.正：Firstofall,itshouldberecognizedthatthedevelopmentoftourismstimulateseconomicgrowthbygeneratingenormousemploymentopportunitiesandincreasingforeignexchangeearnings.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+that從句也應(yīng)該指出的是，英語作為國際媒體鐘愛的語言，向世界不同地方表達(dá)了英語國家的生活方式、價(jià)值觀和信仰。ItshouldalsobenotedthatEnglish,asthefavoritelanguageforinternationalmediums,conveysEnglish-speakingcountries’lifestyles,valuesandbeliefstothroughouttheworld.正：ItshouldalsobenotedthatEnglish,asthefavoritelanguageforinternationalmedia,conveysEnglish-speakingcountries’lifestyles,valuesandbeliefstodifferentpartsoftheworld.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句It

is

clear

that

…顯然It

is

possible

that

…很可能It

is

likely

that

…很可能It

is

natural

that

…很自然It

is

certain

that

…可以相信It

is

strange

that

…奇怪的是It

is

fortunate

that

…幸運(yùn)的是It

is

necessary

that

…有必要的是主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句Itispossiblethatreceptionistswillaskyoutoexplainyourproblem.

AttheendofPhaseⅡ,itwasclearthattheselectedapproachestoMakete'stransportproblemshadhaddifferentdegreesofsuccess.Itisalsolikelythatyouwillgetoneifyouchangeyourmindabouttheshoesandtakethembackimmediately.

主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句

Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Butasthemedicalworldcontinuestograpplewithwhat'sacceptableandwhat'snot,itisclearthatcompaniesmustcontinuetobeheavilyscrutinizedfortheirsalesandmarketingstrategies.

主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句同樣正確的是，在很多地方，當(dāng)?shù)厝藗儧]有以開放的心態(tài)來面對(duì)旅游業(yè)。Thefactthatinmanyplaces,thelocalpeopledonotembracetourismwithopenarms.正：Itisalsotruethatinmanyplaces,localpeopledonotembracetourismwithopenarms.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句正確的是，很多道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，例如那些強(qiáng)調(diào)誠實(shí)、忠實(shí)和同情的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，促進(jìn)/提高了社會(huì)凝聚力。However,therearemanyethicalstandards,suchasemphasisehonest,loyaltyandcompassion,whicharepropitioustothesocialcohesion.正：Itistruethatmanyethicalstandards,suchasthosestandardsthatemphasisehonesty,loyaltyandcompassion,enhance/improve/increasesocialcohesion.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句很明顯的是，我們正生活在一個(gè)信息時(shí)代。It

is

obvious

that

we

are

living

in

an

information

age.

顯而易見，投資教育是投資一個(gè)人的未來。Itisobviousthatinvestingineducationisinvestinginone'sfuture.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句值得注意的是，農(nóng)村地區(qū)和城市地區(qū)的環(huán)境正在惡化。Itisnoticeablethattheenvironmentinboththeruralandurbanareasisdeteriorating.

主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+名詞短語+that從句It

is

a

pity

that

…可惜的是…It

is

a

fact

that

…事實(shí)是It

is

good

news

that

…

…真是太好了It

is

a

good

thing

that

…

…真是件好事It

is

no

wonder

that

…難怪…It

is

a

shame

that

…遺憾的是…It

is

common

knowledge

that

…

…是常識(shí)主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+名詞短語+that從句It

is

an

established

fact

that

factory

workers

work

better,

harder,

and

have

fewer

accidents

when

their

machines

are

painted

orange

rather

than

black

or

grey.事實(shí)證明，如果把工廠里的機(jī)器漆成橘黃色而不是黑色或灰色，工人就會(huì)干得更勤奮、更出色，事故也會(huì)減少。主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+名詞短語+that從句It

is

a

truth

universally

acknowledged

that

a

single

man

in

possession

of

a

good

fortune

must

be

in

want

of

a

wife.一個(gè)眾所周知的事實(shí)是，一個(gè)單身漢若是非常有錢，那么他一定想要找個(gè)妻子。主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+名詞短語+that從句眾所周知，我們生活在同一個(gè)生物圈，它的組成成分是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。Itiscommonknowledgethatwesharethesamebiosphere,itscomponentsareinterrelated.正：Itiscommonknowledgethatwesharethesamebiosphere,whosecomponentsareinterrelated.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+be動(dòng)詞+名詞短語+that從句例如，眾所周知吸煙有害于人們的身體健康，但是很多人都難于戒煙。Forexample,itiscommonknowledgesmokingisharmfultopeople’shealthbuttherestillhavemanypeoplesmoking.正：Forexample,itiscommonknowledgethatsmokingishazardoustopeople’shealthbutmanypeoplehaveproblemsceasingsmoking.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itseemsthat...似乎是…Itfollowsthat…由此可見…Ithappensthat…碰巧…Itturnsoutthat…結(jié)果證明是…Itcomesaboutthat…結(jié)果是…主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Italsoseemsthatthesediseasesareaffectingpeoplelaterinlifethantheydidinthepast.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.Theseturnedouttobehighlydiverse:itseemsthatantsarecontinuallydomesticatingnewspecies.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itturnsoutthatit'snotFlorence'snosethatmakesheratopdrugdog,butherunswervingconcentration,plusafewotheressentialtraits.Itturnsoutthat,foragivenamountoftransmittedpower,radiowavesinthefrequencyrange1000to3000MHztravelthegreatestdistance,andsoallsearchestodatehaveconcentratedonlookingforradiowavesinthisfrequencyrange.主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句5.其他結(jié)構(gòu)Itdawnsupon/onsb.that…某人突然想起Itoccurstosb.that…某人突然想起Itmakesnodifferencethat…無所謂/不重要…Itdoesn’tneedtobebotheredthat…不必?fù)?dān)憂…Itisoflittleconsequencethat…無關(guān)緊要…主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句5.其他結(jié)構(gòu)It

dawnsuponmethatthereisalogicalconnectionbetweenallthethingsthathappeninthatimmenselyconnectedbodyofsaltedwaterthatcovers71percentofthesurfaceoftheearth.我忽然想明白了，覆蓋地球表面71%的巨大鹽水體中所發(fā)生的一切事情之間都是有聯(lián)系的。主語從句That引導(dǎo)的主語從句5.其他結(jié)構(gòu)When

I

decided

to

quit

my

full-time

employment

it

never

occurred

to

me

that

I

might

become

a

part

of

a

new

international

trend.當(dāng)我決定放棄全職工作的時(shí)候，我怎么也沒有想到我會(huì)成為一個(gè)新的國際流行趨勢(shì)的一部分。主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句Whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句不同于that引導(dǎo)的，從句的位置一般在句首。whether直接理解為“是否”，句子按照順序理解；或者先理解主語從句提出的問題，然后再理解主句，在主句中加入代詞以對(duì)從句進(jìn)行指代。Whether

he

will

come

or

not

is

not

known.他是否會(huì)來沒人知道。/他是否會(huì)來，這沒人知道。主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句‘It’samassextinction,andwhetherwewilleverreboundfromthelossisdifficulttoknow.’主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句Whetherajokegivespleasureorpaindependsonaperson’soutlook.

主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句However,ithasnotpreviouslybeenknownwhetherthesetwofactorsweredirectlylinkedornot.主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句Whether

the

government

should

increase

the

financing

of

pure

science

at

the

expense

of

technology

or

vice

versa

often

depends

of

the

issue

of

which

is

seen

as

the

driving

force.

政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把那一方面看做是驅(qū)動(dòng)性力量。主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句Whether

the

eyes

are

“the

window

of

the

soul”

is

debatable;

that

they

are

intensely

important

in

interpersonal

communication

is

a

fact.眼鏡是否是“心靈的窗口”，這還有爭(zhēng)議；但無疑，眼睛在人際交流中有著重要的作用。主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句增加燃料價(jià)格是否會(huì)解決世界環(huán)境問題，這是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問題。Whether

the

increase

of

fuel

price

can

solve

the

world’s

environmental

problem

is

a

controversial

issue.主語從句whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句大學(xué)應(yīng)該給學(xué)生提供實(shí)際技能的課程還是學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)的課程，這是一個(gè)值得討論的問題。Whetheruniversitiesshouldprovidestudentswithcurriculumsofpracticalskillsor

academic

knowledge

is

a

debatable

issue.主語從句關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的主從Whoevertriestoresolveaconflictsoonlearnsthatnothingpleaseseverybody.任何想要試圖解決這個(gè)矛盾的人很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他不可能讓所有人都滿意。主語從句關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的主從What

happened

on

September

11,

2001

will

be

forever

etched

in

our

memories.2001年9月11日發(fā)生的事將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)印刻在人們的腦海里。主語從句關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的主從How

you

think

and

what

you

do

will

decide

your

future.

你如何想以及如何做將要決定你的未來。主語從句Because引導(dǎo)的主從Just

because

someone

doesn’t

love

you

the

way

you

want

them

to

doesn’t

mean

they

don’t

love

you

with

all

they

have.如果有人沒有以你希望的方式去愛你，并不意味著他們沒有全身心地愛你。賓語從句三種賓語從句賓語從句后置三種賓語從句動(dòng)詞賓語從句在及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓語，由從句擔(dān)任：Wehavefoundthattheblindunderstandotherkindsofvisualmetaphorsaswell.三種賓語從句動(dòng)詞賓語從句在及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓語，由從句擔(dān)任：Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheirchoicescloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.三種賓語從句動(dòng)詞賓語從句在及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓語，由從句擔(dān)任：Thesurveysuggestedthatcomplementarymedicineisprobablyabettertermthanalternativemedicine.三種賓語從句動(dòng)詞賓語從句在及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓語，由從句擔(dān)任：HNCSoftwareofSanDiego,backedbyagovernmentagency,reckonthattheirnewapproachtoartificialintelligenceisthemostpowerfulandpromisingapproacheverdiscovered.三種賓語從句動(dòng)詞賓語從句在及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓語，由從句擔(dān)任：Onerespondenttothesurveybelievedthatthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithouttouchingandsmellingalovedone.

三種賓語從句動(dòng)詞賓語從句雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)下的賓從：IassureyouthatIhadnointentionofoffendingyou.我向你保證，我當(dāng)時(shí)絕不是故意冒犯你。Prof.

Lee

will

show

you

how

what

you

have

observed

can

be

used

in

other

contexts.李教授將會(huì)讓你知道如何把你觀察到的東西應(yīng)用到其他場(chǎng)景中。三種賓語從句介詞賓語從句MIRTPfocusedonwhatwouldbemostappropriatefortheinhabitantsofMaketeintermsofwhatwasavailable,howmuchtheycouldaffordandwhattheywerewillingtoaccept.三種賓語從句介詞賓語從句Theresultstellusalotmoreabouthowthebridgewasbuilt.Moreover,Iwantedtodiscoverwhetherthereweredifferencesinhowtheblindandthesightedinterpretedlinesofmotion.

Thisresultsinwhatagroecologistscallthe'treadmillsyndrome'.三種賓語從句介詞賓語從句Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydevelopinga‘competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.Firstairlines,thenroadhauliersandrailways,werefreedfromrestrictionsonwhattheycouldcarry,wheretheycouldhaulitandwhatpricetheycouldcharge.三種賓語從句形容詞賓語從句She

was

too

afraid

Grandma

would

leave

and

there

would

be

no

one

to

take

care

of

us.她深怕外婆會(huì)離開，那樣的話，就沒有人照料我們了。

People

are

angry

that

companies

and

other

organisations

know

so

much

about

them.

公司和其它組織對(duì)人們了解這么多，人們非常生氣。

三種賓語從句形容詞賓語從句Are

you

aware

that

there

is

difficulty

in

dealing

with

this

matter?你知不知道處理這件事很棘手？I’m

not

certain

whether

he

will

come.我不確定他是否回來。賓語從句的后置賓從如若出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，此時(shí)賓從置于補(bǔ)足語之后。形式為：動(dòng)詞+

it形式賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語+

that賓語從句We

believe

it

true

that

the

human

body

is

also

a

kind

of

good

conductor.人體也是一種良導(dǎo)體，我們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)的。賓語從句的后置賓從如若出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，此時(shí)賓從置于補(bǔ)足語之后。形式為：動(dòng)詞+

it形式賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語+

that賓語從句We

must

make

it

clear

that

the

parties

involved

are

to

make

every

effort

to

curb

the

pollution.我們必須強(qiáng)調(diào)清楚，有關(guān)部門要盡一切努力來治理污染。賓語從句的后置賓從如若出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，此時(shí)賓從置于補(bǔ)足語之后。形式為：動(dòng)詞+

it形式賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語+

that賓語從句Subjectsfinditdifficultatfirsttoconcentrateonproblem-solvingtasks.賓語從句的后置賓從如若出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，此時(shí)賓從置于補(bǔ)足語之后。形式為：動(dòng)詞+

it形式賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語+

that賓語從句Whydidmostchildrenthinkitimportantfortherainforeststobeprotected?

exercise總而言之，政府應(yīng)該根據(jù)個(gè)人需要來提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，以確保他們有機(jī)會(huì)獲得教育。To

summarise,government

should

give

support

to

students

based

on

their

own

financial

situations,

so

that

everyone