英漢比喻之概念及比較

Lecture英漢比喻之概念及比較

比喻性詞語是指比喻某事物的詞詞組句子1比喻的概念本體比喻詞喻體tenorComparativewordsvehicle2比喻的功能

生動形象增強(qiáng)語言藝術(shù)表達(dá)效果“比喻”的英文表達(dá)MetaphorFigureofspeechComparison3漢語比喻的分類

明喻甲像乙暗喻甲是乙借喻甲代乙（陳望道“三分”法）英語中對應(yīng)的比喻

Simile明喻甲像乙

Metaphor暗喻甲是乙

Metonymy借喻甲代乙

（胡曙中．英漢修辭比較研究）Simile(明喻)比喻詞：likeoras,asif,asthough.

例：“Soareyoutomythoughtsasfoodtolife”(Shakespeare).Simile(明喻)Hedroveasifpossessedbythedevil.他著魔似的駕車狂奔。（直譯）Ashardasarock堅如磐石（直譯）Ascoolasacucumber非常冷靜（意譯）1.Therenowexistsakindofglasssosensitivetolightthat,likephotographicfilm,itwillrecordpicturesanddesigns.

現(xiàn)在有一種對光十分敏感的玻璃，它像膠卷一樣能記錄圖像和圖案。aslongasit'sbroad

半斤八兩；結(jié)果一樣

2.asclearascrystal

清如水晶Metaphor(隱喻、暗喻)implicitcomparison.例：(Shakespeare)“seaoftroubles”“theworld'sastage”2.Hehasaheartofstone.

他鐵石心腸。3.HomecomingqueenIntheUS,lotsofschoolshavetheirhomecomingday,andtherewillbeahomecomingpartyonthatday.And,homecomingqueenisthemostexcellentfemaleparticipant.Intheshow,thecontestantwasdescribedbyhismomashomecomingqueenastheyhavesimilarqualities.It’sametaphor.4.RockthebellAbell,acup-shapedoneoranelectricalone,isrockedtomakeasoundasakindofsignal.Andhereinthiscontext,itisasignalofwinningthepermissiontoHollywood.Thisconnectsbellandpermission,itisametonymy.5.SavortheflavorSavor:tofullyenjoythetasteorsmellofsth,oratimeorexperienceThewordflavororiginallymeansthequalitythataffectsthesenseoftaste.Inthisshow,itreferstotheenjoyablefeelingtheaudiencearegoingtohavewhentheywatchthemass-electionshowsinMiami.It’sametaphorandthecommentatorwantedtoemphasizethattheshowsaretobewonderful.6.getschooledSchool:totrainorteachsbtohaveacertainskill,typeofbehavior,orwayofthinkingSchooloriginallymeansaplaceinwhichitsstudentsgeteducatedandinthissentence,itwasusedasaverbhavingthesamemeaningasteachandeducate.Thebasicreasonisaschool’sbasicfunction—toteach.It’sametonymy.

Metonymy（換喻、轉(zhuǎn)喻）

甲代乙：closelyassociated.WashingtonfortheUnitedStatesgovernment北京————？“Thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).”

7.YoutellFox42,wewanttoseeyouatthefinal.theprincipalofFox42

你告訴福克斯42頻道（的負(fù)責(zé)人），我們想讓你做決賽的報道。

I’mreadingLuXun.LuXun----LuXun’sworksHeisLeiFeng.LeiFeng----LeiFeng’sspirit8.badass混球壞蛋

9.painintheass眼中釘10.haveabigheart野心勃勃例）ImaylookdarkbutIhaveabigheart.我外貌平平卻野心勃勃。11.getonthegoodfoot直譯：伸出最好的那一只腳意譯：盡情的表現(xiàn)自我Eg:WhenAmericanswanttomakeagoodfirstimpressiononsomeone,they

trytoputtheirbestfootforward.(當(dāng)美國人想要給某人良好的第一印象時，他們會表現(xiàn)較好的一面.)12.gooverthetop直譯：超過限額意譯：活力無限Eg:Theyounggooverthetop.(這群年輕人活力無限）4英漢比喻之比較

英漢比喻的相同英漢比喻的不同比喻相同

但人類對比喻的接受心理大體相同。這一共性使得人類對自身、對外界產(chǎn)生了一定的共識。示例處女作（maidenwork）生命線（lifeline）輕如鴻毛（aslightasfeather）花錢如流水(spendmoneylikewater)英漢比喻的差異

兩種不同的語言，文化、思維方式①動物、②植物、③人物、④顏色、⑤宗教、⑥工具等設(shè)喻。歷史因素宗教因素環(huán)境因素示例Loveme，lovemydog“redrag”meetone'sWaterloo

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