新編大學(xué)英語第一冊(cè)Unit 4 課件（浙大版）

FreshStartFreshStart“Andyetnotadream,butamightyreality—aglimpseofthehigherlife,thebroaderpossibilitiesofhumanity,whichisgrantedtothemanwho,amidtherushandroarofliving,pausesfourshortyearstolearnwhatlivingmeans.〞W.E.B.DuBois

FreshStartFreshStartASpeech—TheDoorsthatareOpentoUsAStory CollegeLifeAFlash—“IntheClassroom〞VideoClipProverbsandSayingsIntroductionIflifewereapieceofcolorfuldrawing,collegelifewouldbeoneofthebrightestcolors.Iflifewereameaningfulpoem,collegelifewouldbeoneofthemostbeautifulwords.Collegelifeisanespeciallyimportantperiodoftime.DirectionsListentothefollowingextractofaspeechandhaveadiscussion.ASpeech—TheDoorsthatareOpentoUsFreshStart“TheDoorsThatAreOpentoUs〞—HongYe“時(shí)機(jī)之門就在前方〞DiscussionQuestionsHowmanydoorsarethereinthecollegelife?Whatarethey?What’sthefirstdoorforyouinyourcollegelife?TheDoorsThatAreOpentoUsGoodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen,thetitleofmyspeechtodayis“TheDoorsThatAreOpentoUs.〞Theotherdaymyauntpaidmeavisit.Shewasoverjoyed.“Igotthehighestmarkonthemid-termexamination!〞shesaid.Don’tbesurprised!Myauntisindeedastudent,tobeexact,acollegestudentattheageof45.…ThefirstdoorIseeistheopportunitytostudydifferentkindsofsubjectsthatinterestus.Myauntsaidshewashappytostudymanagement,butshewasalsohappythatshecouldattendlecturesonancientChinesepoetryandonShakespearedrama.Asformyself,IamanEnglishmajor,butImayalsogotolecturesonhistory.Tome,ifcollegeeducationinthepastemphasizedspecialization,now,itemphasizesfreeandwell-roundeddevelopmentofeachindividual.Soallthefineachievementsofhumancivilizationareopentous.ListeningScriptListentoastoryandtrytoanswerquestions.AStoryFreshStartQuestions:1.WhatscoresdidthespeakerhaveonherDecembercard?2.Whatwasthelessonlearnedafterhertrickhadbeenexposed?3.Whodoyouthinkcalledthespeaker’smother?

ThreeCs,twoDs,andanF.Shehaslearnedtomakethegrade,nottochangeitonthecard.Herteacher.ListeningScriptMyparentswerealwaystellingmetoraisemygrades,buttheywouldnevertellmehow.Aftergettingonebadreportcardafteranother,IknewIhadtodosomethingdrastic.WhenmyDecembercardarrivedwiththreeCs,twoDs,andanF,Iwasafraidtoshowittomymother.That'swhenIcameupwiththebrilliantideaofchangingtheFtoanA.ItwasreallyquitesimplejusttogivetheFanotherleg.WhenIshowedthecardtomymother,shewasveryexcitedtoseetheonegoodgrade.Shegavemeahugandakissand,mostimportantofall,abiggerallowance.Everyonewashappyinmyhouseuntiltwonightslaterwhenthephonerang.Mymotheransweredit,listened,andthenlookedatmewithbloodinhereyes.Shetoldmethatthereweresomethingsmuchworsethanfailing,andthatcheatingwasoneofthem.Itriedtoargue.Isaidshewastheonewhohadtoldmetochangemygrades.Thatmadeherreallyangry,andshesaidthatIknewthat’snotwhatshehadmeant.Thenshegavemeawhippingandtookawaymyallowanceforamonth.SincethenIhavelearnedtomakethegrade,notchangeitonthecard.Enjoytheflashandtrytomakeupastoryaccordingtoit.AFlash—“IntheClassroom〞CollegeLifeVideoClipWhichuniversityistheoneinyourdream?Why?Whatdoyouexpectyourcollegelifetobe?Isthatthesameasinthemovie?VideoClipClickthepictureProverbsandSayingsLivetolearn,notlearntolive.

—FrancisBacon活著就要學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)不是為了活著。

Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouwillfindyourselfignorant.

—ReneDescartes學(xué)，然后知缺乏。Toreadwithoutreflectingislikeeatingwithoutdigesting.

—EdmundBurke學(xué)而不思，猶如食而不化。FreshStart

Doyourememberyourfirstcampusvisit,registration(注冊(cè))orthefirstdayofclasses?Howdidyoufeel?Andwhydidyougetthatkindoffeeling?

IfeltexcitedwhenIcametothecampusforthefirsttime.Itwassobigandbeautifultallbuildings,lovelyflowersandtrees,andgrandlawns.Welcomingsloganscouldbeseenhereandthere.Andinspiringmusicfromtheloudspeakersaddedtomyexcitement.Spaciousasitis,thecampuswascrowdedwithfreshmenlikeme,theirbusyparents,teachersandstudentswhowerehelpingwithourregistration.SuddenlyIfeltthatIwasnolongermymom’sbaby;Iwasanadult!Iwasoverwhelmedwithprideandexcitement.

Doyourememberyourfirstcampusvisit,registration(注冊(cè))orthefirstdayofclasses?Howdidyoufeel?Andwhydidyougetthatkindoffeeling?

IfeltatalosswhenIfirstcametotheuniversity.ThecampuswassobigthatIwasafraidIwouldgetlostifleftalone.Itseemedtobemessyandnoisyeverywhere,withthousandsofpeoplecomingandgoing.Ifeltalittledizzyandtiredafterawholeday’sjourneybytrain.AllIcoulddowastofollowmyparentshereandthere,notknowingwhattodoandwhattosay.

Doyourememberyourfirstcampusvisit,registration(注冊(cè))orthefirstdayofclasses?Howdidyoufeel?Andwhydidyougetthatkindoffeeling?

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheuniversity.Afterregistration,myparentsleftandIfoundmyselfstandingaloneinaplaceIhadneverbeenbefore.Itseemedthateveryoneoncampuswaswatchingme.IwasfeelingsoillateasethatIevenfounditdifficulttogathermyself.WhenIcamebacktomydorm,myroommateswerebusymakingtheirbeds.Ijustsatthereandbegantothinkofmyparents.ThesenseoflonelinesswassostrongthatIthoughtIwasgoingtocry.HowIfeltthefirstdayoncampus.(Para.1)

1)IwaswonderingwhatIwasdoing.

2)Iwasstandingpitifully.

3)Itseemedthateveryoneoncampuswaswatchingme.

4)IhopednoonewouldnoticeIwasafreshman.MistakesImadeonmyfirstclassdayandmyreaction(Para.2~7)

1)ThefirstmistakeImade:Iwenttothewrongclass.(Para.2~4)

2)ThesecondmistakeImade:Isteppedinapuddleofketchup,droppedthefoodtrayandfelltotheground.(Para.5~6)

3)Myreaction:Ifeltashamed.(Para.7)Themistakemadebyanothercollegestudent:healsodroppedthefoodtrayandfelltotheground.(Para.8)Hisreactiontoit:Heseemedtofeelthatnothingserioushadhappened.Myreflectionsonmakingmistakes(Para.9~12)

1)Itdidn’tmatterifonemademistakesincollege.(Para.9~11)

2)Makingmistakesisforgivableevenaftergraduation.(Para.12)IdecidedIwantednothingmorethantofindmywaysafelytomydormroom.(Line2)wantnothingmorethantodo…

只想做······Shetoldmeattheotherendofthetelephonelinethatshewantednothingmorethantolistentomyvoiceagain.她在的那一端告訴我她只想再聽聽我的聲音。目前，我只想把英語學(xué)好，通過四級(jí)考試。Now,IwantnothingmorethantostudyEnglishwellandpasstheCET-4.我決定我最想做的就是要好好地回到寢室。IdecidedIwantednothingmorethanto

findmywaysafelytomydormroom.(Line2)2.Ipiledmytraywithsandwichesandwasheadingfortheseat

whenIaccidentallysteppedinalargepuddleofketchup.(Line16)when在此句中表示“這時(shí)〔突然〕······〞。表此意時(shí)，when往往放在句中。所引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。這時(shí)也可以用as或while。Sheenteredtheroomwhen(while,as)

themeetingwasgoingon.正當(dāng)開會(huì)的時(shí)候她走進(jìn)了房間。when的三種用法：所引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作。這時(shí)不能用as,while替換。當(dāng)我起床的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)桌子上有張紙條。 WhenIgotup,Ifoundanoteonthetable.表示“這時(shí)〔突然〕······〞Iwaswalkingalongtheroadwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.我正在路上走著，這時(shí)突然有人從后面拍我的肩膀。2.Ipiledmytraywithsandwichesandwasheadingfortheseat

whenIaccidentallysteppedinalargepuddleofketchup.(Line16)我往托盤里裝了些三明治就朝座位走去。就在這時(shí)，我無意中踩了一大灘番茄醬。3.

IlookeduptofindthatanotherpoorsoulhadmetthesamefateasIhad.〔Line33〕tofindthat…此處表示結(jié)果狀語，可理解為“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)······〞。不定式的主要功能之一就是作結(jié)果狀語，這時(shí)不定式表示的動(dòng)作往往在謂語動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。另外，不定式前也常加only引出結(jié)果。Afewdayslaterhecamebackonly

tofindthatthetroopshadleft.他幾天后回來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)部隊(duì)已經(jīng)離開了。Hestudiedhardonlytofail.

他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但卻沒及格。以下形容詞是對(duì)人進(jìn)行表揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的，后面常接不定式表示結(jié)果。right,polite,crazy,generous,good,greedy,kind,selfish,silly,nice,unselfish,splendid,unkind,etc.【例】Sheisverypolitetoshowustheway.她很有禮貌地給我們指路。他很慷慨，借給我們一大筆錢。Heisgenerous___________________________.她醒來了，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被鎖在一個(gè)房間里。Sheawoke___________________________.tolendusalargesumofmoneytofindherselflockedinaroom我抬頭看見一個(gè)可憐的家伙遭遇了和我一樣的命運(yùn)。3.

IlookeduptofindthatanotherpoorsoulhadmetthesamefateasIhad.〔Line33〕4.College,Idecided,wasprobablytheonlytimeIwouldbecompletelyforgivenforanymistakes.

〔Line47〕

Itistheonlytime+從句

(唯一)做······的時(shí)間/階段童年是我們一生中唯一沒有煩惱的一段時(shí)期。Childhoodis_____________________________________.Presidencywastheonlytimehewouldratherneverforget.那段總統(tǒng)任期是他永遠(yuǎn)也不想忘記的唯一的一段時(shí)期。theonlytimewehavenoworriesinourlives在我看來，大學(xué)階段可能會(huì)是自己犯任何錯(cuò)誤都可以得到完全諒解的唯一一個(gè)階段。4.College,Idecided,wasprobablytheonlytimeIwouldbecompletelyforgivenforanymistakes.

〔Line47〕

1.

hesitation

(Line7,Para.2)n.waitingandnotdeciding猶豫Aqualifiedsoldiershould______________________________________.一名合格的士兵應(yīng)該在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上勇往直前。He________________inwhetherornotsentencingthecaptivestodeath.在是否要處死這些戰(zhàn)俘的問題上，他有些猶豫不決。marchforwardonbattlefieldwithouthesitationfeltsomehesitation

2.await

(Line7,Para.2)和wait的詞義辨析

Don’twaitifIamlate.兩詞均含有“等待〞之意。ManyenthusiasticfanswerewaitingforfamoussingerJayChowtoarriveattheairport.wait(vi.)著重指靜候于某處，直到期待之人、物或事物的來臨或出現(xiàn)。很少用作及物動(dòng)詞。許多熱心的歌迷正在機(jī)場(chǎng)等待著著名歌手周杰倫的到來。萬一我來晚了，不要等我。await(vt.)有時(shí)可與wait互換，但await的語氣更為正式，常用于書面語中，往往著重指不斷等待認(rèn)為必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)的人或事，有時(shí)含耐心之意。Successnevercomestothosewhoawaititidly.

成功決不會(huì)降臨到那些坐等的人身上。Allpeoplewereawaitingtheirkingtoreturn.

所有的民眾都在等待著他們的國(guó)王的歸來。請(qǐng)用“wait〞或“await〞兩詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

Hiswifeneverkeepshim________.

I’ll_______youinthecar.

Anespeciallygooddinner_________usattheinn.waitingwaitforawaited

3.breakout

(Line10,Para.3)suddenlybecomecovered(especiallywithspotsontheskin)被突然布滿······Shebrokeoutincoldsweatafterhearingthehorriblenews.聽到那個(gè)可怕的消息后她出了一身冷汗。Spots(皮疹)

brokeoutonhisbackduetohisallergy(過敏).因?yàn)檫^敏，他的背上長(zhǎng)滿了皮疹。

Shegropedforhercellphoneinherbag.Batman______________________,tryingtofindthebuttonoftheexit.4.grope

(Line10,Para.3)

vi.feelwiththehand摸索她在包里摸她的。蝙蝠俠在黑暗中摸索出口的按鈕。gropedaroundinthedark

5.schedule

(Line11,Para.3)n.alistofplannedactivitiesorthingstobedoneatorduringaparticulartime日程表Thenextthingonthefamoussinger’sscheduleistoattendanewsconferenceinanearbyhotel.

這位著名歌星日程安排中要做的下一件事是去附近的一家酒店出席一個(gè)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)。Thenewtrainscheduleisavailableeverywhereintherailwaystation.新的列車時(shí)刻表在火車站處處都有。本次火車定于下午8點(diǎn)45到達(dá),但現(xiàn)在卻晚點(diǎn)20分鐘。Thetrain

arriveat8:45pm,butit’srunningtwentyminuteslate.

v.

[美]排定，安排5.schedule

(Line11,Para.3)isscheduledto

6.

settle

(Line14,Para.4)v.1)sitdown坐下Generalsettledintohischairagainandstartedtoreconsidertheupcomingnegotiation.將軍坐回到自己的椅子上開始重新考慮即將到來的談判。Wequicklysettled(ourselves)inournewhouse.

6.

settle

(Line14,Para.4)v.2)安置；安排Wearequicklysettledinournewhouse.我們很快在新居安排了下來。

7.major

(Line15,Para.4)n.specialty[美]大學(xué)中的主修科目,〔某門課的〕主修學(xué)生

Heplannedtotakechemistryashismajor.著名的流行歌曲作者高曉松曾是清華大學(xué)的電子工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生。他打算將化學(xué)作為自己的主修學(xué)科。FamouspopcomposerGaoXiaosongisonceanelectronicengineeringmajorofTsinghuaUniversity.

Sometimesthemanagersofthestate-ownedenterprisesshouldgivethoselaid-offworkers_________________.有時(shí)國(guó)有企業(yè)的管理者應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)關(guān)心下崗工人。________________________applaudedfortheyoungsinger.大局部的觀眾都為這位年輕的歌手拍手喝彩。adj.greaterinimportanceorextent重要的，重大的，主要的，較大范圍的

7.major

(Line15,Para.4)majorconsiderationThemajorpartoftheaudiencevi.

[美]主修，專攻

(in)ThatgirlmajorsinsoftwaredevelopmentatMIT.那個(gè)女孩在麻省理工學(xué)院主攻軟件開發(fā)。7.major

(Line15,Para.4)WhilelisteningtothePresident’sspeech,he______________________toshowhisscorn.在聽總統(tǒng)演講的時(shí)候，他把頭歪向一邊表示不屑。

8.

tip

(Line18,Para.5)vt.,vi.&n.slope〔使〕傾斜，〔使〕翻倒tippedhisheadtoonesideTheywitnessedtheRollsRoyce_________________.他們目睹了那輛勞斯萊斯翻到了溝里。Wefoundthatthepillar_______________________.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那根柱子稍稍向南傾斜。tippedintotheditchhadaslighttiptothesouth9.rear

(Line18,Para.5)

n.theback后部，背Pleasemovetotherearofthebus!

請(qǐng)往車廂的后面走走！Thedininghallisintherearofourteachingbuilding.餐廳在我們的教學(xué)樓的后部。v.bringup撫育，培養(yǎng)Mrs.GaoYaojieadoptedandrearedcountlessAIDSorphans.高耀潔女士收養(yǎng)撫育了無數(shù)的艾滋孤兒。9.rear

(Line18,Para.5)

vt.decide決定，確定

FamousswordsmannovelistJinYong___________________________tocontinuehiswritingcareer.著名武俠小說作家金庸先生決定重出江湖，繼續(xù)自己的寫作生涯。10.determine

(Line23,Para.6)determinestomakeacomeback10.determine

(Line23,Para.6)bedeterminedtodosth.決定做某事FamedmoviedirectorZhangYimou____________________________________________________________.著名電影導(dǎo)演張藝謀決定在他的新片當(dāng)中給年輕演員更多的時(shí)機(jī)。isdeterminedtogivetheyoungactorsmoreopportunitiesinhisnewfilm

Therewasaloudcrashinyourroom.I’msurethatitwasyourcatthatwasmakingtrouble.你的房間里傳來一聲很響的東西摔碎的聲音。我敢肯定是你的貓又在搗亂了。11.crash

(Line33,Para.8)n.1)loudnoisewhensomethingfallsover

撞擊聲，跌落聲ItisquiteapitythatfamouspoetXuZhimowasunfortunatelykilledinaplanecrash.著名詩人徐志摩在一次飛機(jī)墜毀事故中喪生，這是一件讓人非常遺憾的事。2)accidentwherecars,planes,etc.,aredamaged

(交通工具的)劇烈碰撞事故11.crash

(Line33,Para.8)12.fartoo

(Line39,Para.8)ThedreamteamoftheUnitedStatesisfartoopowerfultobedefeated.美國(guó)的夢(mèng)之隊(duì)太強(qiáng)大了，可以說不可戰(zhàn)勝。verymuch,muchtoo太······，極······Ourmangerisfartoobusyrecently.近來我們的經(jīng)理非常忙碌。Chineseunder-23nationalfootballteam’sperformanceinthe28thOlympicqualifier_________________________________________________.中國(guó)23歲以下國(guó)家足球隊(duì)在第28屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)資格賽上的表現(xiàn)根本無法到達(dá)中國(guó)球迷的期望。13.liveuptoone’sexpectations

(Line43,Para.10)beasgoodasexpected到達(dá)······的期望couldnotliveuptoChinesefootballfans’expectationsatallWedidn’tenjoyourholiday;itdidn’tliveupto

ourexpectations.這個(gè)假期我們過得并不好，因?yàn)樗鼪]有到達(dá)我們的期望。13.liveuptoone’sexpectations

(Line43,Para.10)beasgoodasexpected到達(dá)······的期望14.viewsomething/somebodyas

(Line44,Para.10)regardsomething/somebodyinaparticularway把······看作是ManymusiccriticsviewCuiJianasthepioneeroftherock-and-rollinthemainlandofChina.

很多樂評(píng)人把崔健看作是中國(guó)大陸搖滾樂的先驅(qū)。15.forgive

(Line47,Para.11)vt.stopfeelingangryatsomebody;excusesomeoneforafaultoroffense

原諒，饒恕，寬恕Iwillneverforgiveyouforwhatyousaidaboutmetheotherday.

我絕不會(huì)原諒你那天所說的那些關(guān)于我的話。Heforgavehisbrotherforbeingrude.他原諒了弟弟的莽撞。

onacollegecampustokeepmyearsopenandmymouthshutAftermuchhesitationIhemiddleofthelecture在大學(xué)校園里只聽不說猶豫良久后我選了第一排靠邊的座位。上課期間

站起來有同樣的命運(yùn)

我很同情他。

達(dá)到某人的期望

cometoone’sfeettomeetthesamefateMyheart/sympathywentouttohim.toliveuptoone’sexpectationsFreshStart“TheDoorsThatAreOpentoUs〞“時(shí)機(jī)之門就在前方〞洪曄Thethirddooristhedoortolife-longlearning.Asnewideasappearallthetime,wealwaysneedtoacquirenewknowledge,regardlessofourage.Naturally,myauntherselfisthebestexample.第三扇門就是活到老，學(xué)到老的時(shí)機(jī)。新觀念層出不窮，所以不管年紀(jì)多大，我們時(shí)時(shí)都要汲取新知識(shí)。自然地，我的舅媽就是一個(gè)最好的例子。Words:acquire

得到regardlessof

不管Acoldsweatbrokeoutonthebackofmyneck.(Line10)此句翻譯可按原文的結(jié)構(gòu)順序直譯即:冷汗從脖子上冒出來。但英漢進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)等翻譯的例子少之甚少,所以可以考慮將原文中某些成分的功能和位置加以變動(dòng),從而到達(dá)譯文與原文在功能上的對(duì)等和語感上的自然。我的脖子冒出了冷汗。Itisataskwellwithinyourpower.這一任務(wù)，你完全可以勝任。Electricityisalwaysidenticalinnature.電的性質(zhì)總是一樣的。HeisthelastpersonIwillaskforhelp.我是不會(huì)求他的。qHegotup,handsheldhighabovehisheadinavictoryclasp,

grinningfromeartoear.

(Line36)本句可采取拆分法將原文中的補(bǔ)充成分即名詞短語和分詞短語分別處理為譯文中的幾個(gè)連動(dòng)短句，使譯文通順自然。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，雙手緊握高舉在頭頂上，做出勝利的姿勢(shì)。Sunraysfilteredinwherevertheycould,drivingoutdarknessandchokingtheshadows.

陽光射入了它所能透過的所有地方，趕走了黑暗，驅(qū)散了幽影。Energycanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,auniversallyacceptedlaw.

能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被消滅，這是一條公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。Theyseemed

justifiably

proudoftheireconomicachievements.他們似乎為在經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成就而自豪，這符合情理。OnceIrealizedthatIhadnoone’sexpectationstoliveuptobutmyown,Irelaxed.(Line43)本句處理的關(guān)鍵在于補(bǔ)充或增加原文在句法上省略的局部，從而使譯文更加清晰、通順地表達(dá)原文的思想內(nèi)容。一旦意識(shí)到我不必考慮別人的期望，而只要自己滿意就行，我感到釋然。

Marywashed

forlivingafterherhusbanddiedofacutepneumonia.Shewasmoreroyal

thantheroyals.她比皇室成員更有皇家氣質(zhì)。I’dliketoknowsomethingaboutyourscientificexperiment.我想了解一下你們科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)方面的情況。

瑪麗在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后,就靠洗衣服維持生活。

FreshStart學(xué)生在擬定提綱時(shí)常見問題。1.理解題意后，提筆就寫，覺得列提綱可有可無。2.看到題目已有中/英文提綱或提示，就不再另寫提綱。3.局部學(xué)生認(rèn)為寫提綱會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。1.擬提綱的過程即是快速打腹稿的過程。準(zhǔn)備提綱要占總思考工作量的百分之六十，因?yàn)橐坏Q定了素材的取舍、對(duì)文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)胸有成竹，真正動(dòng)筆省勁省時(shí)。許多臨場(chǎng)作文初稿即定稿，一稿定分?jǐn)?shù)。寫到中間停筆琢磨會(huì)消耗時(shí)間。完稿后再核查文章是否切題、論點(diǎn)是否明確、論據(jù)是否充分有力、論證是否嚴(yán)密等為時(shí)已晚。屆時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有誤也難于進(jìn)行大的調(diào)整。2.最好把翻開思路時(shí)出現(xiàn)在頭腦里的、與段落主題密切相關(guān)的想法逐一草記下來。為最大限度地節(jié)省時(shí)間，草寫提綱由關(guān)鍵詞〔多為名詞或名詞性詞組〕、短語或自己能區(qū)分的縮寫、符號(hào)組成。擬定提綱時(shí)，同學(xué)們對(duì)以下方面需均衡考慮：各段具體寫什么，從哪兒開始，如何點(diǎn)題，如何開頭，用什么事實(shí)或例證，有哪些閃光的語匯可以利用，文章怎樣開展，怎樣轉(zhuǎn)折，怎樣有個(gè)有力的結(jié)尾等。通過圍繞題意列提綱，能穩(wěn)固開拓思路的成果，挖掘材料的內(nèi)涵。4.列入提綱的各段要點(diǎn)經(jīng)快速歸納，整理成簡(jiǎn)練的條目形式并用符號(hào)標(biāo)明層次，如P1〔Para.1第一段〕、P2、P3；a).b).c)…；(1).(2).(3)…等。

請(qǐng)審看下題。擬定提綱后，你如何按照要求寫出作文來？

Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:APortraitofaFreshman.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.衣著舉止2.聽課方式3.遵守紀(jì)律APortraitofaFreshmanTopaintatypicalpictureofafreshman,wemaylookataremarkableaspect—thewaytheyappear.Oncampus