引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

.1.由when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Whenyou think you know nothing, then you begin to knowsomething.當(dāng)你以為自己一無所知的時(shí)候， 你就是在開始知道一些事物了。Whentruth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes,it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it burstsout,itblowsupeverythingwithit.當(dāng)真理被埋在地下的時(shí)候，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會(huì)炸破一切！Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim? 我游泳的時(shí)候，請你照看一下我的衣服。You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 當(dāng)你的手在空氣中揮動(dòng)的時(shí)候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動(dòng)。Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我們的校長邊談邊笑。when, while和as的區(qū)別when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。例如：Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.她進(jìn)來時(shí)，我在吃飯。(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)WhenI lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)?shù)淖≡谵r(nóng)村時(shí)，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞）Wewere about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時(shí)他進(jìn)來了。While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對比。例如：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.(wasreading是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，wasreading和waswatching同時(shí)發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）As表示“一邊??一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。例如：Wealways sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊??一邊”）As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時(shí)，開始下雪了。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生， 而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時(shí)間）as when while的辨析as when while都表示主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，三者差異如下：;...as表示“一邊。。。一邊”的意思when1、還可以表示從句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在主幾句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作”之前”或”之后”發(fā)生。when＝and then; at that moment(正在那個(gè)時(shí)候)while 1、用于時(shí)間較長時(shí)、強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對比時(shí)有時(shí)這三個(gè)連詞可以互換，有時(shí)不可以。Itwasraininghardwhen(as)Igotthere.我到那里時(shí)，正在下大雨。(動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，when可換為as,但不能換為while，因?yàn)間et是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞.)WhenIhadreadthearticle,hecalledme.我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用when)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.(當(dāng))我到了電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開演了。(從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時(shí)態(tài))Hewasabouttoleave,whenthetelephonerang.他正要離開，忽然電話響了。(此時(shí)不能放在句首。主句動(dòng)詞一般表達(dá)“正在”“即將”.while,as不能代替ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.他以為我在談她女兒，然而，實(shí)際上在談?wù)撐遗畠骸?表轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，when,as都不能代替它)Whilethealienwasbuyingasouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，那女孩給警察打了電話。(表示主句，從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，while后引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗硎据^長時(shí)間)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especiallyas (when/ while) father was away.媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾埯惤z病了，特別是他父親不在家的時(shí)候。(此時(shí)as ,when, while可通用)2. 由till 或until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如：I didn't go to bed until （till ） my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。It was not until the meeting was over that he began toteach me English.直到散會(huì)之后他才開始教我英語。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。;...I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。Please wait until I arrived. 在我到達(dá)之前請等我。由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，而主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在Itis＋時(shí)間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我們老板離開北京有五個(gè)月了。知識(shí)擴(kuò)展1.Itissince從。。。以來多長時(shí)間了(因?yàn)閟ince+從句或名詞，表示一段時(shí)間)Itisfiveyearssincewemetlasttime.從我們上次見面已經(jīng)五年了。2.Itis+before?(。。。才)ItwasalongtimebeforeIwenttosleepagain.過了很長時(shí)間我才睡著。Itwasanhourbefore(＝until)thepolicearrived.過了一個(gè)小時(shí)，警察才來4.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一??就”。例如：IwillgotheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。ThemomentIheardthenews,Ihastenedtothespot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點(diǎn)。AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.我一到加拿大，就給你來電話?！咀⒁狻縣ardly(scarcely,rarely)?when/before,nosooner?than相當(dāng)于assoonas之意。主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly,scarcely,rarely和nosooner位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。例如：;...Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。Nosoonerhadthesunshownitselfabovethehorizonthanhegotoutofbedtocommencework.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動(dòng)去了。HardlyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin.我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來了。Hehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenhefeltasofttouchonhisshoulder.這個(gè)阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用將來完成時(shí)。例如：Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.到你回來時(shí)，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.你明天來這兒的時(shí)候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。6.由eachtime,everytime和