表語從句和賓語從句-高中英語-高三英語學習資料

表語從句和賓語從句-高中英語--高三英語在英語的句子結構中，本來該由名詞充當?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當,這個句子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語從句(TheSubjectClause)賓語從句(TheObjectClause)

表語從句(ThePredicativeClause)同位語從句(TheAppositiveClause)Explanation名詞性從句是由

等充當連接詞所引導的從句,可以充當__________________________,從句用______語序Explanation

if,whether,that,what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever,when,where,why

主語,賓語,表語,同位語陳述句2.時態(tài)

1)主句用一般時態(tài),從句可以用_________.2)主句用過去時,從句用__________________.3)從句說明的如果是一般真理或客觀事實,用_____________.一般現(xiàn)在時過去時中的一種各種時態(tài)賓語從句Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.Idon’tknowwhoallthesepeopleare.ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.Pleasetellmewhereshelives.在句中充當及物動詞,介詞或某些形容詞賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。找出下列句中的賓語從句Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.Iamafraidhewon’tcomeontime.Heaskedwhosecaritwas.What和that

1.What和that在引導名詞性從句時的區(qū)別：所引導的名詞性從句中是否缺主語，表語或賓語漢語意義能否省略what

that

缺不缺什么；所…的東西無意義否賓語從句中能省略Ithink______itisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.Hismotherissatisfiedwith______hehasdone._____hewasabletocomemadeushappy.______hegavemeisabook.Thisis_____makesusinterested.Thereasonwas_____Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore.thatwhatThatWhatwhatthat注意一：that在從句中不充當任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常常被省去。但以下幾種情況that不可省：1.如果從句是并列句時,第二個及以后的分句前that不可省.Weallthink(that)sheisworkinghardandthatshewillsurelygotoagoodcollege.（）

Allthedoctorsinsistedhewasbadlywoundedandheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.∧that∧that2.that引導的賓語從句只有在except,in,but,besides等少數(shù)介詞后偶爾可能用到。此時that不可省略。

e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong．

判斷正誤并改錯：1.The

reason

lies

in

she

works

harder

than

the

others

do.2.Theybelieveinthattheymuststillbesingle.3.IknownothingabouthimexceptheislivinginBeijing.∧that√∧thatWho和whoever,what和whatever，which和whichever2.Who和whoever，what和whatever,which和

whichever的區(qū)別：名詞性從句讓步狀語從句Who／Whoever表“無論誰”What／whatever表“無論什么”Which／whichever表“無論哪一個”表“誰”表“…的任何人”表“什么”，“所…的（東西／事情）表“…的任何東西”表“哪一個”表“任何一個”1)Idon’tknow_____willhosttheparty.2)Ibelieve_________takespartinthecompetionwilltryhisbest.Canyoutellme______you‘dliketoorder?Justdo_________youlike.Idon’tknow________isyours.That’sjust______Iwant.whowhoeverwhatwhateverwhichwhatWhether和if3.Whether和if的區(qū)別:

引導賓語從句，位于及物動詞后_________．只能用whether的情況：

二者可替換①引導主語從句并在句首時；②引導表語從句時；③引導從句作介詞賓語時；④從句后有”ornot”時；⑤后接動詞不定式時；Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.()Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.()Areyoutalkingaboutifhewillcome?()Hedoesn’tcarewhetheritisn’tafineday.()

注意二：在賓語從句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常與ornot連用；作介詞賓語只用whether;從句是否定句時一般用if;whether可用于不定式之前√√___whether____________if_________thereislifeonthemoon

isaninterestingquestion.2)Thequestionis_______sheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.3)Italldependson_________theskywillclearup.4)Iamnotsure________I’llcomeornot.5)Hecan’tdecide________toby.6)pleasetellme__________you’llgotothelecturestomorrow.WhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf/whether

Hedidn’tsay________ornothewouldbestayinghere.A.thatB.ifC.weatherD.whetherHedoesn’tknow________togotoBeijingornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whetherDidshesayanythingabout______wecouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等動詞引導的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)開______，即將從句中的＿＿＿＿＿轉移到＿＿＿中．Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.

我們認為你不在這兒．Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.

我相信他不會這樣做．否定式否定形式主句注意三：賓語從句中的否定轉移我認為他不會來這里.

Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()如果賓語從句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose等詞引導的時候，要將從句中的否定形式轉移到主句中去?！涛艺J為他不會對我撒謊的.I___________he___________me.我認為我們不應該借錢給他.I____________we____________himmoney.don’tthinkwilllietodon’tthinkshouldlend在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等動詞以及I’mafraid

等后，可用so代替一個肯定的賓語從句，還可用not代替一個否定的賓語從句(指代上文涉及之事)

：e.g.

一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你認為天氣會轉晴嗎?

一Ibelieve_______.我認為會這樣。

Idon'tbelieveso.(或______________.)

我認為不會這樣。注意四：

soIbelievenot注意五：賓語從句中用it作形式賓語Wethink

it

ourduty

thatweshouldhelpothers.Ifind

it

impossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補后面。that不能省.believe,consider,feel,find,make,think我覺得你放棄這份工作是不明智的.Ithink_____unwise___________________________.itthatyougiveupthejob他們要使公眾明白他們做的是一項重要的工作.他把每天早上鍛煉身體作為一個規(guī)定Hemakes___arule_________________everymorning.itthathetakesexerciseTheywanttomake____cleantothepublic_______________________itthattheydoanimportantjob.=Ithoughtthathefailedtocallmestrange.=Ithoughtstrangeitthathefailedtocallme．注意六:賓語從句的時態(tài)：(1)主句謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句根據(jù)句意可用任何時態(tài)。(2)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語用相應的過去時態(tài)。(3)賓從是客觀真理時，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。語序問題：從句用陳述語序賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序Couldyoutellmeifit_____tomorrow?

A.rains B.israiningC.willrain D.rain2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_____intheeast.

A.rise B.rises C.rose D.risen3.Peterknew_______.

A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook

B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions

C.therewere12monthsinayear

D.whentheywillleaveforParis

4.Couldyoutellme______?

A.whereisthenearestrailwaystation

B.wherethenearestrailwaystationwas

C.wherethenearestrailwaystationis

D.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation5.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.A.finds/arrives

B.finds/willarrive

C.willfind/willarrive

D.willfind/arrives6.─Wheredoyouthink_____he____theTVset?─Sorry,I'venoidea.A./,bought

B.has,bought

C.did,buy

D.didbought注意七.關于doubt

肯定句中doubt后跟if/whether，否定句中doubt后面跟that.sb.doubtsif/whether…..sb.doesn’tdoubtthat…….Thereisno/somedoubtthat…….________________________（毫無疑問）hewillwinthegame.Thereisnodoubtthatwhether/ifItisdoubtful_______________heiscoming.

改錯：Idon’tdoubtwhetherhecanworkouttheproblem．_______________whether→that注意八：在動詞suggest,insist,order,advise,require等后的賓語從句中，謂語用虛擬語氣shoulddo的情況:1.Thegeneralorderedthattroops_________________(setoff)atonce.2.Hesuggestedthatwe____________(buy)dictionaries.3.Iinsistedthathe_____________________.(他應該向我道歉)4.Hisfacesuggeststhathe___________(look)worried.5.Heinsisthe______(be)astudent.6.Itissuggestedthatwe________totheparklater.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.hasgone(should)setoff

islooks(should)apologizetome

(should)buyExerciseExercise一．單項選擇１）Aftervisiting,EnglishfriendstoldusBeijingwasquitedifferentfrom______theyhadheardofand_______itwasasbeautifulasCanvey.A.that;howB.what;thatC.that;/D.how;whatTheshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor_____hethoughtwasnotenough.A.whereB.howC.whatD.whichBC3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_____itwas20yearsgao,____itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that4)_____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;thatAA5)Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howexcitedtheywereB.howtheywereexcitedC.howweretheyexcitedD.theywerehowexcited6)Theymake____arulewhoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.A.itB.whatC.thatD.thisAA7)Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that8)Goandgetyoucoat.It’s_____youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethereA.B9.Idon’tknow____wecanliveontheislandwithoutanyfood.A.whereBwhatChowDthat10.Couldyoutellme___________________?AWhereisthepart?BWho’sonduty?CWhosebookisthis?DWhataretheydoing?11.Theteachertoldusthattheearth_____aroundthesun.AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving12.Couldyoutellme________?AifhewouldcometomorrowBwillhecometomorrowCwhetherhewillcometomorrowDIfhecomestomorrow13.Ididn’tknowthatMr.Smith______yet.HasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturnedBBCCC用合適的連接詞填空

1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）whywhothathowhowsoon6.Theydon’tknow__________wearegoinghiking.（whether,which)7.Shewantedtoknow___________hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.(if,that)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw(that,what)9.Idon'tknow______somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.(why,how)10.Doyouknow_________shirtitis?(whose,what)if/whetherif/whetherwhatwhywhose11.Herodehiscarat____Ithinkisadangerousspeed.12.I’mnotsure____hecanpasstheexam.13.I’mnotsure________hecanpasstheexamornot.14.Ican’tfigureout_____quiteanumberofinsects,andanimalsaredyingout.15.Shealwaysthinksof_____shecanworkwell.16.Mydoubtis_______hecan

passtheexam.whatthatwhetherwhyhowwhether三．完成句子

Thisweekendsomeforeignstudentswillcometoourschoolandhaveawonderfultimewithus.Wehaven’tknown__________________________________________（英語角何時何地召開）bynow.Iheard______________________________________________（一些來自牛津大學的學生將和我們交談）．Mydoubtis____________________（我們的主要話題是什么）.________________________________（對英語感興趣的所有學生）iswelcome.Youcanask＿＿＿＿＿＿__________（你想問的一切問題）.whenandwheretheEnglishcornerwillbeheld(that)somestudentsfromOxforduniversitywilltalkwithuswhatourmaintopicisWhoeverisinterestedinEnglishWhateveryouwantto句型轉換1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.（改為賓語從句）→Pleasetellme__________________________________.2.Whatdoeshedo?Doyouknow?（改為賓語從句）→Doyouknow_______he_______?3.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.（改為賓語從句）→Heaskedtheboys___________they_______friedchicken.whenthetrainarriveswhatdoesif/whetherwanted4.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.（改為賓語從句）→Idon'tknow__________thewatch_______madeinShanghai.5.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同義句）→Tom'smotheraskedhim_________________________totrysomethingnew.if/whetherwasif/whetherhewanted6.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改為否定句）→I_______________this________agoodidea.7.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改為復合句）→Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.8.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改為簡單句）→Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.don’tthinkiswhichtrousersshewillhowtogetThereasonisnottrue.Thereasonisthebadweather.Thereasonisthatitisraining.Theproblemispuzzling.Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.ThePredicativeClause表語從句：定義：在句中充當表語的從句(即放在be動詞后面)叫做表語從句?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。1.Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.2.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthepeople.3.That’sjustwhatIwant.ks5u精品課件用做表語的從句叫表語從句位置：一般放在系動詞be,后.Theproblemisthatwehavelittlemoney.Thatiswhathewantsustodo.Thatiswhereshegothermaster’sdegree.ThePredicativeClausethat引導的表語從句

that僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內容起進一步解釋的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether

引導的表語從句連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引導表語從句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherthatmanwillturnupintime.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引導的表語從句連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當主語、表語、定語，且各有各的詞義。e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.TheproblemiswhomIcanturntoforhelp.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.4.where,when,why,how引導的表語從句連接副詞where,when,why,how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間、地點、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。e.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.表語從句的連接詞(四大類)

that

引導的表語從句,本身無意義,但不能省略.2.whether

引導的表語從句意為:“是否”.不能用if替代.what,which,who,whom,whose可在表語從句中充當“主語,賓語,定語,有自己的詞義.4.where,when,why,how

在表語從句中可充當時間,地點,方式,原因狀語.Themother’squestionwasthatshehasnotimetolookafterherdaughter.2.Thequestioniswhetherthatboywillturnupintime.3.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.4.ThatiswhereIcan’tagreewithyou.無義是否….的樣子…的地方4)Thisis______Iwaslatethismorning_______Iwasbornin1971_______Iworkedouttheproblem.whywherehow注意一：一些引導詞的用法1.that在表語從句中

,又

。Thefactisthathehasn’tyetrecoverfromillness.Thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.

既不充當成分比較在定語從句中的用法。TherearesomefilmsthatI’dliketosee.SheistheonlyoneamongusthatknowsFrench.結論:that在引導定語從句時,指事物,也可指人,

在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時?？墒÷浴＃ㄒ唬﹖hat的用法沒有意義6.Theyrealize_____itisofgreatvaluetorecordthetradition.7.TheresultofsomuchFrenchinfluencewas_____theEnglishlanguageendedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable,animalandage.Theproblemisthatwehavelittlemoney.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.ThebookthatIhavereadisverygood.TheboythatisreadingthebookisJim.ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisLily.thatthat2.當主句的主語為reason,或者是由why引導的從句時,與它們相關的表語從句用_________,而不能用_______引導;because引導表語從句時只能用于___________________________句型中.如:

ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.that來引導becauseIt/That/Thisis/wasbecause…ThereasonIhavetogois____ifIdon’t.A.thatshewillbedisappointedB.becauseshewillbedisappointedC.onaccountofherbeingdisappointedD.thatshewillbedisappointingA3)Itwas____heworkedhardthathesucceeded.A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.forA2.Thereasonforhisbeinglateis____hemissedthebusthismorning.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisbecausehewasill._because→that______________that1.Ican’timagine

youcansewthispieceofclothwithoutaneedle.2.Thereasonforhisbeinglateis____hemissedthebusthismorning.3.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.sothat/不填thatB一些引導詞的用法（二）What在表語從句中充當

表示

______________________.1.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.2.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Thatwaswhathetoldyou.主語、賓語或表語什么,或所……的（人,事,話，樣子等）另：what不引導定語從句1whathesaiddisappointedme.2Acomputercanonlydo_____youhaveinstructedittodo.3amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.

whatwhat

1_____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat;becauseBWhat;thatCThat;whatDthat;because2PeoplehaveheardwhatthePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtosee____hewilldo.AhowBwhatCwhenDthat3---Areyoustillthinkingabutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s____.Awhatmakesmefeelexcited.BwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutCHowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited____iswaitingformeismybrother.WhoAmericawas_____wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.thatB.whereC.what3.LittleTommywasreluctant(a.

不情愿的,勉強的)totelltheschoolmaster______hehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whereD.whatCDThediscussiontopicfortodayis______schoolswillbelikeinthefuture.whatChoosetherightanswer

5)That’s_____thePartycalledonustodo.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whyAmericawas_____wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.thatB.whereC.whatAC高考鏈接1.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday'sgame?---Oh,that's_______.(2003北京春季)

A.whatmakesmefeelexcited

B.whateverIfeelexcitedabout

C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited

A解析：這是由what引導的一個表語從句，在從句中充當主語，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為A。4.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that解析:這是一個賓語從句,wants后面缺少賓語,Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句諺語,意思是"永遠給予他人他確實想要的東西"。故答案為A。A7.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan___wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,whatA10.Itwas____hesaid_____disappointedme.A.what,whatB.that,thatC.what,thatD.that,whatC3.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s_______ittakestodoanythingwell.(2002上海春季)

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why

解析:what在表語從句中作takes的賓語,構成"Ittakessth.todosth."的句型。答案為A。A1.Ithinkitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.2.Hismotherissatisfiedwithhehasdone.3.hewasabletocomemadeushappy.4.Thisis_____makesusinterested.5.Thereasonwas________Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore.what/that(that)whatThatwhatthat一些引導詞的用法（三）Which在引導表語從句時,常充當_____________

表示

。如：

Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowis

which(book)itis.

比較在定語從句中的用法。Chinaisacountrywhichhasahistoryof2000years.Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

定語,表語其中哪一個結論:which在引導定語從句時,指事物,

在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時?？墒÷砸恍┮龑г~的用法（四）whether在表語從句中表

,但不充當句子的成分。if

引導表語從句.如:Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon“是否”不能1.Pleasetellmeyouwillgotothelecturetomorrow.2.Italldependsontheskywillclearup.3.Thequestionisthefilmiswellworthseeing.4.hewillbewelltomorrowIamnotsure.5.itistrueremainsaproblem.關聯(lián)詞比較whether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherWhetherWhetherwhether與if練習：Iwonderhehaspassedtheexam.Itdependsonthemangerwillagreetotheplan.Idon’tknowhewillcomeornottonight.hewillwinthegameisnotyetknown.Thequestionishecandoitasafavor.Theproblemweneedmoretimehasnotbeensolved.Whether/ifwhetherwhetherWhetherwhetherwhether5.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisbecausehewasill._______________6.Whowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold．_____________7．IthinkimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell．______________________8．It’snotcertainthatthesportsmeetwillbeheld．_______________because→thatWho→Whoeverimportant→itimportantthat→whether5.其他連詞asif,asthough

引導的表語從句

asif/though引導的表語從句常置于連系動詞look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywereknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.一些引導詞的用法（五）1)Shelooked____sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthoughDLiLeiisnowinanewjacket.Helooksasifhewere

anAmericanboy.Thegirlwasgivingusavividdescriptionofthemoon.Itseemedasifshehadbeentothemoonmanytimes.Itlooksasifitmightrain.Thecloudsaregathering.itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.由asif,asthough引導表語從句時要注意時態(tài).若從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反,謂動用