四級翻譯講義PPT

四級翻譯搶分班北京新東方學校石雷鵬石雷鵬：/neworientalsjzTOEFL、IELTS、考研、四六級寫作四級翻譯命題形式時間5分鐘，5道題全部為漢譯英，占5%，共36分。在答題卡2上作答。句長為15至30個詞，其中有部分英語詞匯給出,需添入的部分也只有3到8個單詞，考生只需按照英文句子意思把漢語部分翻譯成英文。四級翻譯考點1.固定搭配（詞匯）2.核心語法1.固定搭配(大綱樣題)例1：Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely___________________________(把孩子的成功歸因于)naturaltalent.四級英語翻譯評分細則1．整體內(nèi)容和語言均正確，滿分。2．結構正確，但整體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當，得一半分值。3．整體意思正確但語言有錯誤，得一半分值。4．整體意思完全錯誤，即使結構正確也不得分。5．大小寫錯誤及標點符號忽略不計。該題目有兩個固定搭配考點：1)belikelytodosth;2)owe…to/attribute…to答案：toattribute/owetheirchildren’ssuccessto2.核心語法被動、從句知識（名從、狀從、定從）、倒裝結構、虛擬語氣、比較結構、強調(diào)結構、非謂語動詞2.核心語法考點：例12010-690．Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner______________(要安裝在窗戶旁).【考點剖析】本題是典型的語法題目。重點考查考生對虛擬語氣和被動的掌握。(should)befixed/installedbythewindow例2：(大綱樣題)2.Notonly___________________________(他向我收費過高),buthedidn’tdoagoodrepairjobeither.didhechargemetoomuchdidheoverchargeme四級翻譯原則：切忌逐字翻譯2007-65.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_____________________(如果你方便的話).

本題主要考查if引導的條件狀語從句或固定搭配，“你方便的話”Ifitisconvenientforyouatyourconvenience關注三方面：人稱、單復數(shù)、動詞（時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣）成功破解四級漢譯英解題流程：第一步：瀏覽句子、判定考點第二步：判定動詞、切塊組合切塊組合以動詞為切入點；先翻譯主謂賓、后翻譯定狀補，切塊對應翻譯，重新組合。動詞注意時態(tài)，名詞注意單復數(shù)。語法考點：1.被動2006-0691.Thoughaskilledworker,

__________(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.第一步：由Thoughaskilledworker,lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.可以推出，劃線處應該補全完整主句，時態(tài)由lastweek確定為一般過去時態(tài)。第二步：1.切塊翻譯：“解雇”=befired(注意被動)；“他”=he；“公司”=company2.重新組合：

[正確答案]：hewasfiredbythecompanyfiredismiss2008-0687.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch_____________________(能應用于新技術的開發(fā)).考點：固定搭配和被動語態(tài)“applyto”canbeappliedtothedevelopmentofthenewtechnology2008-1291.theanti-virusagentwasnotknown

___________________(直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它)答案：untilitwasaccidentallyfound/discoveredbyadoctoruntiladoctorfounditbychance

2010-690．Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner______________(要安裝在窗戶旁).(should)befixed/installedbythewindow2010-1288.Themagnificentmuseum_______(據(jù)說建成于)aboutahundredyearsago.【結構分析】主語為thesignificantmuseum，謂語（據(jù)說建成于）aboutahundredyearsago為時間狀語。

【考點】①被動語態(tài):主語museum與動詞build之間為被動關系;且bulid這一動作發(fā)生在過去。②據(jù)說besaidto；besaidto+動詞不定式的完成時，表示不定式表示的動作已經(jīng)完成。【答案】：issaidtohavebeenbuilt

語法考點：2.定語從句定從翻譯步驟：a.寫出正確簡單句，并確定中心話題(名詞)b.中心話題后加入定從，關系詞：who/whose/which/where/when；若關系詞在從句中做賓語，可省略。Eg:他是個從來不聽磁帶的人。兩步：a.Heisa_____________________.

b.Heisaman

whoneverlistenstoanytapes.2007-0688.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis______________(我們可以合作的領域).第一步：瀏覽句子，判定考點：定語從句第二步：1.補充完成主句，注意單復數(shù)….thefield,

2.

完成定語從句寫作：判定動詞,切塊翻譯答案：thefieldwherewecancooperate或者：thefieldinwhichwecancooperate

請暫停完成以下練習：87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems

(他們至今還沒有答案)90.__________(與我成長的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91.Theyrequestedthat__________(我借的書還回圖書館)bynextFriday.2008-12：87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems

(他們至今還沒有答案)thattheyhaven’tfoundanswerstotowhichtheystillhavenoanswers

2008-6：90.__________(與我成長的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup2010-1291.Theyrequestedthat__________(我借的書還回圖書館)bynextFriday.booksIborrowedshouldbereturnedtothelibraryIshouldreturnbooksIborrowedtothelibrary定從考點強化練習：1.Whatheobjectstoisthebureaucracy,________________.(這種情況正在不斷滋長)2.Wefeltverydisappointedaftertheshow,______________.(因為很多應該參加演出的名演員沒有來)1.Whatheobjectstoisthebureaucracy,________________.(這種情況正在不斷滋長)whichisontheincrease.

Whichisincreasing2.Wefeltverydisappointedaftertheshow,______________.(因為很多應該參加演出的名演員沒有來)asmanyfamousstarswhoshouldhaveappeareddidnotcome.語法考點：3.名詞性從句a.賓語從句b.主語從句c.表語從句d.同位語從句a.賓從從句在主句中充當動詞、介詞或形容詞的賓語：由that/what/who/whether/where/which等引導2007-1291.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,

andtheirqualityoflife________________________（是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.衡量：measure答案：ismeasuredbyhowmuchcanthey

borrow.ismeasuredbyhowmuchthey

can

borrow.2.Colorandsexarenotrelevantto_______(一個人是否適合這個職位)．

答案2.whetherapersonissuitableforthejob請暫停完成練習：82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?

(這要看你多長時間穿一次)2.Colorandsexarenotrelevantto_______(一個人是否適合這個職位)．2.Colorandsexarenotrelevantto_______(一個人是否適合這個職位)．

答案：2.whetherapersonissuitableforthejob2009年12月：cet-6

82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?

(這要看你多長時間穿一次)答案：Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearitb.主語從句2008-12：88.

(大多數(shù)父母所關心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.所字結構=what從句（what在從句中作賓語）Whatmostparentsareconcernedabout2009-0690.

(很多人所沒有意識到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.90.Whatmanypeopledon’trealize使字結構=what從句（what在從句中做主語）寫作常用句式：Ithinkthat=whatconvincesmeisthat

2010-1290._____________________(給游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople.What

impressedtouriststhemost

強化練習：_______________(John是否來)doesn’tmattermuch.Wecanrelyonourselves.WhetherJohnwillcomeornot

2.________________(他喜歡做的事情)isignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.Key:Whatheenjoysdoingc.表語從句【CET-4：2007.12】Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_____(我比以前更容易累了).Iameasiertogettiredthanbefore.答案：Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore.語法考點：4.狀語從句狀語從句：讓步、時間、條件、目的、原因、地點、結果、方式和比較小重點：讓步狀語從句a.nomatter+what/who/when/where/howwhat/who/when/where/how+everNomatterwhereyouare,youwillseeEnglishinChina.Somearechinglishexpressions.區(qū)分：NomatterwhatVSwhatever

Nomatterwhat:只能充當狀語Whatever:引導名詞性從句或狀語從句區(qū)分要點：原句缺少主、賓、表、同位語時使用只能使用whatever/whichever/whenever/whoever…簡單辦法：有逗號=nomatterwhat

無逗號=whatever2007-1289.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,________________________（無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲）.參考答案：nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIhavetomake暫停完成練習：2008-689.Leavingone’sjob,__________(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.1．(不管發(fā)生什么事情)，hewouldnotmind.2．(無論誰在這抽煙)willbepunished.89.Leavingone’sjob,__________(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.【解析】第一步：待譯內(nèi)容是讓步狀語(從句)?！安还苁鞘裁础笨梢宰g作nomatterwhat或whatever。第二步：切塊（翻譯）組合：nomatterwhatjobitisnomatterwhatthejobiswhateverjobitis強化練習1．(不管發(fā)生什么事情)，hewouldnotmind.答案：Nomatterwhathappened（狀語從句），可以用whateverhappened替換2．(無論誰在這抽煙)willbepunished.(主語從句)答案：Whoeversmokeshere（不能用nomatterwho）3．（不管他喜歡哪一個willbegiventohim.考點：主語從句答案：Whicheverhelikes(不能用nomatterwhich)b.although,though,as,while_____________________(雖然我們已經(jīng)取得很大進步),westillhavealongwaytogo.答案：Thoughwehavemadegreatprogress

練習(2007-06)85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning____________(而動物的舉動首要寄托本能).答案：whileanimalbehaviordependsmainlyon/upontheirinstinctdependonisdependenton

c.evenif,eventhough5.Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcertevenif__________________________(那意味著要排整夜的長隊).答案：itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight

時間狀語從句：2006-1290.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople________(出門在外時可能會感到孤獨)答案：mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome

練習：2009-12：89.Scientistsagreesthatitwillbealongtime_____

(我們找到治愈癌癥的方法).答案：beforewefindthemethodsofcuringcancersbeforewefindthecureforcancer目的狀語從句89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou___________(以防天氣變冷)

in

caseitturnscoldincase作短語連詞，能引導狀語從句

其一：incase／justincase引導目的狀語從句作“以免，以備，以防”等解例如：Pleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrow_____________(免得我忘記).答案：

incaseIforget.其二：incase接條件從句，意為“如果、萬一”如：___________________,（萬一我回來前他先到了）pleaseaskhimtowait..答案：IncasehearrivesbeforeIgetback注意:incase引出的條件從句所表示的意義是"預防某種情況的出現(xiàn)";如果從句說的是一般的假設或條件,則要用if。請比較:I'lltellhimaboutthematterifImeethim.(不用incase)Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.(不用if)擴展：2.incaseof是短語介詞，后接名詞、動名詞、代詞等。置于句末?？醋髂康臓钫Z，作“以免，以防”；89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou___________(以防天氣變冷)答案：incaseofcoldweather/temperaturedrop置于句首常視為條件狀語，作“如果，萬一”解如：_____________（如果發(fā)生火災）,dial119atonce.答案：

Incaseoffire條件狀語從句：2008-6：5.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_____________(如果你方便的話).本題主要考查if引導的條件狀語從句，“你方便的話”itisconvenientforyouatyourconvenience練習：1．Hewillsurelysucceed_________.(只要他不停的努力)考點：本題考查aslongas(只要)引導的條件狀語從句。答案：aslongashekeepsontrying.4.Idon’tmindyourdelayingmakingthedecision___________(只要不是太晚)．答案：aslongasitisnottoolate原因狀語從句：2007-1290.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause______________（它更加方便和省時）.itismoreconvenientandtime-saving語法考點：5.倒裝在英語中,主語和謂語有兩種順序:一是主語在前,謂語在后,稱為自然語序(NaturalOrder).反之,如果謂語在主語前面,就是倒裝語序(InvertedOrder).倒裝原因：語法結構的需要；強調(diào)。倒裝語序全部倒裝部分倒裝FullInversionPartialInversiona.全部倒裝：整個謂語都放在主語的前面.在以here,there，out,in,up,down,away,off等方位副詞(短語)或以now,then時間副詞開頭的句子里，以示強調(diào)。如：Herearesomepicture-books.Inthefrontoftheclassroomstandsayoungteacher.但當代詞作主語時不用倒裝。如：Therehecomes.部分(半)倒裝:(一般疑問句語序)a.表否定的副詞或短語位于句首，主句半倒裝Iwillneveragree.

NeverwillIagree.

HardlycanIagree.notuntil,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,neither,little,innocase(決不),此外：onnoaccount,bynomeans,rarely,undernocircumstances,undernocondition,innoway(決不),neither…(nor),nosooner…(than),hardly…(when),barely(僅僅，幾乎不),innocircumstances(決不),notabit,nowhere,notonly…butalso。(大綱樣題)Notonly_____________(他向我收費過高),buthedidn’tdoagoodrepairjobeither.正常語序：hechargedmetoomuch答案：didhechargemetoomuchdidheoverchargeme2008-0691.__________(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.解析：1.待譯內(nèi)容是時間狀語，由于動作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前，應該用過去完成時。2.“完成使命”可譯作accomplish/completed/finish/fulfillone’smission“直到……(才)”譯作notuntil答案：Notuntilhehadfinished/fulfilledhismission2010-0688.Themanagerneverlaughed;neither___________(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣)didshelosehertemper.didshebecomeangry.請暫停完成以下練習：87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,_____________________(也沒有解釋為什么).Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_＿＿＿.(他都不應該對法庭說謊)85.Neveronce

(老兩口互相爭吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.2011年6月87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,_____________________(也沒有解釋為什么).答案：(and)neitherdidtheyexplainthereason(and)neitherdidtheygivethereasonfordoingso【CET-6：2007.12】

Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_＿＿＿.(他都不應該對法庭說謊)參考答案：shouldhelietothecourt.2008-06CET-685.Neveronce

(老兩口互相爭吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.答案：havetheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother

補充：用于so,nor,neither開頭的句子中，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人或物。IfTomgoestotheparty,sowillMary.a.當“only+狀語”位于句首表示強調(diào)時半倒裝，如不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語時用正常語序。Whenmybelovedisbymyside,Icanfeelthetruehappiness.Onlywhenmybelovedisbymyside,canIfeelthetruehappiness.但only修飾主語時不倒裝：OnlyDrYangcansavehislife.其他：Onlyinthisway,onlythen,onlyonce,onlyinAmerica\China,onlyafter…【CET-6：2007.6】Onlyinthesmalltown_________.(他才感到安全和放松)參考答案：doesshefeelsecureandrelaxed3.在as/though引導的讓步狀語從句中，句子倒裝：表語或狀語或動詞原形+as/though+主語+其他注意：1)句首名詞不帶冠詞。2)句首是實義動詞,其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。a.表語前置：AlthoughZYKisagirl,sheiscalledBrotherZeng.GirlasZYKis,sheiscalledbrotherZeng.b.狀語前置：AlthouhgIlikethecolorTVsetverymuch,Ican’taffordit.Verymuchas/thoughIlikethecolorTVset,Ican’taffordit.2009-12六級91.Much_________（我感到遺憾），Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.原句：AlthoughIfeltmuchregretful,半倒裝：MuchregretfulasIfelt3.謂語前置：Tryhardashewill,healwaysseemsspeakShandongEnglish.語法考點6：虛擬語氣a.

(should)+動詞原形的情形b.

if或butfor等引導的條件句c.

wish,ifonly的用法a1.

(should)+動詞原形的情形:表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”賓語從句：動詞suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等。IinsistedthatEnglishlearnersshouldmemorizewordseverywhere.注：一詞多義現(xiàn)象：如果上述動詞作其他意思解釋，或者說話者認為所講的事是事實，要用陳述語氣。Whenaskedwhyhedeclinedourinvitation,hesuggestedthathewasnotongoodtermswiththedirector.練習：3.Theprofessorrequiredthat

_______(我們交研究報告)byWednesday.91.Theyrequestedthat______________(我借的書還回圖書館)bynextFriday.3.Theprofessorrequiredthat

_______(我們交研究報告)byWednesday.第一步：由Theprofessorrequiredthat_____

,可以推出，劃線處應該填寫句子，并且是虛擬語氣。第二步：1.切塊對應翻譯：“交”=handin；“研究報告”=researchreports（名詞注意單復數(shù)）；“我們”we2.重新組合：[正確答案]：we(should)handin（submit）ourresearchreports91.Theyrequestedthat___________________(我借的書還回圖書館)bynextFriday.booksIborrowedshouldbereturnedtothelibraryIshouldreturnbooksIborrowedtothelibrary練習：Thespecialcommitteerecommendedthat____(這項工程不應動工)untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.考點：虛擬語氣，動詞recommend后的賓語從句中使用should加動詞原形，should可省.答案：theprojectnotbestarteda.2.表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的主語從句或表語從句中--上面動詞對應的名詞advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,request,plan,

建議：Itismyidea/suggestionthat….練習：8)Hisproposalwasthat_______________(他們成立一個專門委員會來檢查這個問題).

9)Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat____________(取消四級考試).8)Hisproposalwasthat_______________(他們成立一個專門委員會來檢查這個問題).

答案：they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem9)Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat____________(取消四級考試).答案：theCET-4(should)becanceleda.3．在形容詞important,necessary,imperative,natural,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,preferable,incredible以及短語nowonder,apity等可以構成“Itis+形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。Itisincrediblethattheboyshouldbelievemywords.

六級大綱樣題：72.Itwasessentialthat________(我們月底前簽訂合同)。答案：weshouldsignthecontractbeforetheendofthemonth.特例：itistimethat+一般過去式謂語動詞用過去式，指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”It’stime_____________________(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.答案：somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretakenb.

if或butfor等引導的條件句區(qū)別：if引導從句

butfor=without:加名詞、代詞、動名詞b1:if引導的虛擬語氣條件從句結果主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式(be動詞用were)would+動詞原形與過去事實相反had+過去分詞(haddone)wouldhavedone與將來事實相反一般過去時/were+不定式/should+動詞原形would(should)+動詞原形a.與現(xiàn)在的事實相反：[If---+were/did---,---+would/mightdo---]如果我爸是李剛，我相撞誰撞誰。IfmyfatherwereLiGang,IwouldcollidewithanyoneIlike.半倒裝形式：WereI/Did…2.與過去的事實相反：[If---+haddone---,---+would/mighthavedone---]如果我生于比爾蓋茨家族，我將會買好幾輛公交車。IfIhadbeenborninBillGates’,Iwouldhaveboughtseveralbusesasmyprivatecars.半倒裝：HadI…3.與將來的事實可能相反：[If---+should/weretodo---,---+would/shoulddo---]假如世界末日在2012年到來，我會…Ifthedoomsdayweretocomein2012,Iwould…半倒裝：Werethedoomsdayto…3.Thevictim

_______(本來會有機會活下來)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.第一步：由Thevictim

ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.可以推出，劃線處應該填寫謂語動詞和賓語使得主句完整，并且主句形式、時態(tài)根據(jù)后面的ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime確定應該采取虛擬語氣，是對過去的虛擬。第2步：1.切塊對應翻譯：“本來有機會------”=wouldhaveachancetodosth，“活下來”=survive2.重新組合：wouldhavehadachancetosurvive.2009-6：88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary

(就不會被大雨淋濕了).答案：wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain2009-12：87.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou_______(按照我的指令去做)hadfollowedmyinstructions/ordershaddoneasIordered【CET-6:2007.1】Ifyouhad___________________(聽從了我的忠告，你就不會陷入麻煩).參考答案：followedmyadvice/suggestion,youwouldnothavebeen/beintrouble.請暫停完成以下練習：12)_______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney.15)_______________(如果我一直住在紐約),IwouldknowtheU.S.wellnow.16)Ifthedoctorhadnotcomeintime,_______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).

19)WereIinyourplace,_______________(我會毫不猶豫地抓住機會).20)Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,_______________(這項法案早就通過了).21)Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,_______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會有危險).12)_______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney.12)IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim

(考點：在非真實條件句中用過去完成式表示與過去的事實相反)

15)_______________(如果我一直住在紐約),IwouldknowtheU.S.wellnow.15)IfIhadbeenlivinginNewYork

(考點：同上)16)Ifthedoctorhadnotcomeintime,_______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).16)hewouldbedeadnow

(考點：同上)19)WereIinyourplace,_______________(我會毫不猶豫地抓住機會).19)Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation(考點：在非真實條件句中如果有were,had,should這三個詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語倒裝的形式來表示條件)20)Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,_______________(這項法案早就通過了).20)thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier

(考點：同上)21)Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,______(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會有危險).21)thecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardyb2.

butfor/without=ifitwerenotfor…/ifithadnotbeenfor…Butforyourhelptheywouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintime.如果沒有你的幫助，他們不可能按時完成任務。例題：3．Butforhisteacher’shelp,he_________(是不會成功的).考點：虛擬語氣：Butfor意為“要不是”，相當于ifithadnotbeenforhisteacher’shelp所以主句用虛擬語氣，與一般過去事實相反。答案：wouldnothavesucceeded真題再現(xiàn)：89.Therewouldbenolifeonearth____________(沒有地球獨特的環(huán)境).withoutitsuniqueenvironmentbutforitsuniqueenvironment【CET-6:2007.12】Butformobilephone,＿＿＿____________（我們的通訊就不可能如此迅速和方便)參考答案：ourcommunicationwouldnotbesoefficientandconvenient.c.1.動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實相反

were或動詞的一般過去與過去事實相反

Haddone或would/couldhavedone將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望

would/should(could,might)+動詞原形小強希望考試的時候我跟他在一起。

XiaoQiangwishesIwerewithhiminCET-4.

小強希望明天考試的時候我跟他在一起。XQwishesIwouldbewithhiminCET-4tomorrow.那時小強要是聽我的話就好了。IwishXQhadtakenmyadvice.

11-06：88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthat_____________（能被分配做另一項工作）解析：本題考察了wish從句的虛擬語氣用法（can→could）和“分配某人做某事”的詞組搭配，assignsb.tosth.或者assignsb.sth.

答案：shecouldbeassigned(to)anotherjobC.2.Ifonly（但愿）與wish情況類似（從句分三種情況）：wish均可用Ifonly代之，含義大致相同。如：XiaoQiangwishesIwerewithhiminCET-4.IfonlySkywerewithXQ.C.3.asif／though（好像）：（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）Skyisverystrongasifhewereabull．（與過去事實相反）Hetalksasifhehadbeentheremanytimes．（與將來事實相反）Hespeaksasifhewoulddiesoon．例題：4．Heworksveryhard___________.(好像永遠不打算睡覺似的)考點：asif：asif后可是真實情況，也可是虛擬情況，如果是虛擬情況，對現(xiàn)在的虛擬要用一般過去時，對過去的虛擬，要用過去完成時。答案：asifheneverintendedtosleep.

語法考點7：比較級1.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_____（沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力）（06.12）答案：nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading2.Themoreyouexplain,

(我愈糊涂)（06.6新）考點范例：IfIeatmore,Iamslimmer.ThemoreIeat,theslimmerIbecome.答案：themoreconfusedIam/become(09-12)91:Themoreexerciseyoutake,______（你越不大可能得感冒）。解題思路：條件句：Ifyoutakemoreexercise,itislesspossibleforyoutocatchacold.答案：thelesspossibleitisforyoutocatchacold（07.12）89.Iwouldprefershoppinginadepartmentstorebecause

(它更加方便和省時)答案1：itismoreconvenientandtime-saving正確答案：theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving （09.6）90.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare

(更有可能增加體重)答案：morelikelytoputonweight（07.12）88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat

(我比以前更容易累了)答案：Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore.Iammoreinclinedtogettiredthanbefore.語法考點:強調(diào)結構（句式）Itis+被強調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他部分原句：Inmychildhood,IlovedChineseKungfu.強調(diào)句式：ItwasinmychildhoodthatIlovedChineseKungfu.11-06：90.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit_____（接電話的卻是他的助手）解析：該句比較靈活，在句法上，既可以使用強調(diào)句結構，也可以采用turnout的慣用搭配；在“接電話”的表達上，可以用pickup/answerthephone。強調(diào)句結構為itbesb.whodosth.,而turnout變化則較多，可以用turnouttobesb.whodosth.或者turnout+that+從句。原句：__hisassistant____answeredthephone答案：①washisassistantwhoanswered/pickedupthephone；②turnedoutthathisassistantanswered/pickedupthephone語法考點：非謂語動詞a.V-ing狀語：規(guī)則：兩個動作同時發(fā)生，主語一致，其中一動作可以寫成V-ing做狀語如：Iclimbedthestairs.Itookasuitcase.V-ing狀語：Iclimbedthestairs,takingasuitcase.1.Lastweektheboyandhisfriendscelebratedhistwentiethbirthday,______(盡情地唱歌跳舞)（06.6）答案：singinganddancingtotheirhearts’content2.Wehopethenewmachinewillworkfaster,________________(從而降低我們的成本答案：

thuscuttingdownonourcosts其他練習：1.Onhearingthatnews,I________(忍不住笑起來)andspreaditamongtheclass.解析：本題考查“忍不住”的表達方法，注意laugh后加ing，注意用一般過去時答案：couldnothelplaughing2.Sincethedeathofherhusband,shegotintothehabitof_____(讓門一直關著).考點：考查介詞賓語和賓語補足語的用法。Closed為賓語補足語，主語為thedoor,所以用過去分詞表示被動。

答案：keepingthedoorclosed3.Markoften____________________________(試圖逃脫罰款)wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.解析：escape后面要接動名詞形式。常與介詞from搭配，如Hehasescapedfromthefire.答案：attemptstoescapebeingfined7.

Whatalovelyparty!It'sworth______(牢記一生).解析：beworthdoing……/值得做某事,還有說法是worthsth.如：Heisworththepraise.答案：rememberingallmylife

翻譯語法總結復習被動、從句知識（名從、狀從、定從）、倒裝結構、虛擬語氣、比較結構、強調(diào)結構、非謂語動詞真題固定搭配串講：1.have(no)difficulty/trouble(in)doingsth2006年6月:87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble____

(找到去歷史博物館的路).[解題步驟]:

第1步：由hehadnotrouble

.可以推出，劃線處應該填寫indoingsth第2步：判定動詞、切塊組合“找到”=find，“路”=road/way，“去歷史博古館”=totheHistoryMuseum[正確答案]：findingthe/hiswaytotheHistoryMuseum2009-6:8787.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad

(很難跟上班里的同學)inmathandEnglish.87.difficulty/trouble(in)catching/keepingupwithhisclassmates.「區(qū)分」keepupwith意為“跟上……”，指并肩前進，并駕齊驅(qū)，不至落后、掉隊；catchupwith意為"趕上"，指從后邊追上或改變落后狀。2010年6月87.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficulty______(集中注意力在實驗上).答案：(in)concentrating

ontheexperiment(in)focusingherattentionontheexperiment2.attheexpense/riskof11-06:89.Johnrescuedthedrowningchild__________(冒著自己生命危險).解析：本題考察了“冒著…的危險/風險做某事”的詞組搭配，可以用attherisk/expenseofone'sownlife（冒著某人的生命危險做某事）答案：attheriskofhisownlife3.Inorderto(06-06)88.______(為了掙錢供我上學),motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.第一步：由,motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.可以推出，劃線處應該填寫狀語成分，整個句子時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。第二步：1.切塊對應翻譯：“為了賺錢”=inordertoearn/makemoney，“供我上學”=formyeducation/tuition，2.組合：[正確答案]：Inordertomake/earnmoneyformytuitionToearnmoneyformyeducation;Toearnmoneyformyschooling;Inordertomakemoneytofinancemyeducation;Inordertomakemoneytofundmyeducation;Inordertoearnmoneytoaffordmyeducation(10-12)87.__________(為了確保他參加會議),Icalledhimupinadvance.答案：InordertoensurehimtoattendthemeetingToensurehisattendanceatthemeeting4.adaptto(06-12).87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto______

(適應不同文化中的生活).答案：adaptoneselftolife/livingindifferentcultures5.ataspeed/rateof…(06-12)91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise

_______(以每年1200萬人的速度).答案：ataspeed/rate

of12millionperyear6.thanksto/aseriesof

07-12:87.________（多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明），doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.答案：Thankstoaseriesofnewinventions7.decidetodo…07-06:89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete _________(決定退出比賽).答案：decidedtoquitthematch08-12:90.Throughttheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand_____(決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè))答案：decidedtostarttheirownbusiness8.keepupwith/keeppacewith

09-12:90.Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto

(與消費者不斷增長的需求保持同步)答案：keeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasing/rising

demands/needsofconsumers“與時俱進”：tokeeppacewithtimes/tokeepupwithtimes練習：ChinesePresident,HuJintaocalledonthewholecountry___________________________(與時俱進).答案：tokeeppacewithtimes/tokeepupwithtimes9.將…考慮在內(nèi)Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto

(將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi))（07.6）答案：takepeople’ssleepqualityintoconsideration10.對…充耳不聞：turnadeafearto…She

(對我們的警告充耳不聞)andmadeaseriousmistakeintheend.(06.6)解析：考查“充耳不聞”的表達方法。類似的表達“turnablindeyeto”對…熟視無睹；warning(警告)應用復數(shù)。答案：turnedadeafeartoourwarnings練習：Howcanone______________________(袖手旁觀)whenawomanisbeingattackedandrobbedinbroaddaylight?考點：“視而不見”還可以翻譯為:turnablindeyeto;takenonoticeof;pretendnottosee;或areblindtothis11.與…聯(lián)系：(07-06).90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please____________(按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系)。第一步：分析句子可知前面是目的狀語，主干是由please引導的祈使句，所以要接動詞原形。第二步： 切塊對應翻譯：“聯(lián)系”=contactsb.，“按以下地址”=atthefollowingaddress重新組合：contactusatthefollowingaddress模擬訓練：1.I’llseeyouagainnextmonth,butinthemeantime,_________________(讓我們保持聯(lián)系).

答案：let’skeepintouch2:__________________(如果你設法與Smith先生取得聯(lián)系)theproblemwillbesolvedeasilybecauseheisanexpertinthisfield.答案：IfyoumanagetogetintouchwithMrSmith

12:出問題08-06：88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Something____