上海民第一中學(xué)2022年高二英語上學(xué)期期末試題含解析

上海民第一中學(xué)2022年高二英語上學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.IfIhadknownthat,I________so.A.wouldn'thavedone

B.didn'tdoC.won'tdo

D.wouldn'tdo參考答案：A【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我早知道，我就不會(huì)這樣做了。此處與過去的事實(shí)相反，故答案為A?！军c(diǎn)睛】If引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣：1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況從句：If+主語+動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were)主句：主語+should/would/might/could+do：IfIwereyou，Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。（事實(shí)：我不可能是你）2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況從句：If+主語+had+done主句：主語+should/would/might/could+havedone：IfIhadgotthereearlier，Ishould/wouldhavemether.如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。（事實(shí)：去晚了）3.表示與將來事實(shí)相反從句：①if+主語+weretodo②if+主語+should+do③if+主語+動(dòng)詞一般過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）主句:主語+should/would/might/could+do:Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow，Iwouldtalktohim.如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)?。（事?shí)：來的可能性很小，不可能）2.Iwasadmittedintoafamousuniversity.Mysuccess________mepleasedwithmyself,butIdidn’t.A.mighthavemade

B.mightmake

C.shouldhavemade

D.shouldmake參考答案：C3.Wehadto________hundredsofpeoplebecauseallticketsweresoldout.A.turndown

B.turnoff

C.turnaway

D.turnover參考答案：C4.StephenHawking,

“thegreatestgeniusofthelate20thcentury”,announcedthattherearereallygreyholesintheuniverse. A.calling

B.tocall

C.tobecalled

D.called參考答案：D試題分析：考查過去分詞。句意：StephenHawking，被稱為二十世紀(jì)晚期最偉大的天才，宣稱在宇宙中真的有灰色的洞。過去分詞作后置定語，故選D。【知識(shí)拓展】aboycalledTom一個(gè)叫Tom的男孩；aboycallingTom一個(gè)自稱叫Tom的男孩。5.CharlieChaplin’sperformancegreatlyamusedaudiences________theirnationalityorculture.A.becauseof

B.exceptfor

C.regardlessof

D.thanksto

參考答案：C略6.Icanneverfinishmycompositionintheexam.There’s____time_____.

A.suchlittle,leaving

B.soalittle,left

C.suchalittle,leave

D.solittle,left參考答案：D7.Thetrainisrunning______120kilometresanhour.

A.ataspeed

B.atthespeed

C.ataspeedof

C.onaspeedof參考答案：C8.Driversarewarnedthatitisdangeroustotalkonthephonewhile

.A.drive

B.driving

C.driven

D.todrive參考答案：B9.Truefriendshipislikesoundhealth,________thevalueisseldomknownuntilitislost.

A.fromwhich

B.which

C.ofwhich

D.whose參考答案：C略10.Onlyinthisway______ourgoals.A.wecanreach

B.canwearrive

C.wecanarrive

D.canwereach參考答案：D11.Somepeoplearecolor1-blindedandcannot______betweenblueandgreen.

A.distinguish

B.divide

C.recognize

D.identify參考答案：A12.—Jack,doyoufeellikegoingwithustothebeachthisweekend?

一Itmayrain.

，Iwillgowithyou;Idon’tmindtherain.A.Somehow B.Otherwise C.Instead

D.Anyhow參考答案：D13.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountryA.so

B.much

C.that

D.it

參考答案：D14.Onereasonformy______forlivinginthecountrysideisthatithasnoairpollutionortrafficjams.A.preference B.attitude C.explanation D.request參考答案：A【知識(shí)歸納】reason做主語后面的表語從句用that引導(dǎo)。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathismotherwasill.他遲到的理由是他媽媽病了。15.Ourmanagermightreturnfromabroadthecomingweekend,butnobody_______abletofinishourtaskbythen.A.hasbeen

B.willhavebeen

C.hadbeen

D.was參考答案：B16.Afterthat,heknewhecould__anyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.A.getawaywith B.getonwith C.getthrough D.getacross參考答案：C答案C[句意：(經(jīng)歷過)那件事以后，他知道只要他盡自己所能就能處理任何緊急情況。tothebestof盡……所能。getawaywith攜……潛逃；(做了壞事)逍遙法外；getonwith進(jìn)展；相處；getthrough通過；完成；getacross過(馬路、橋等)；使(人)了解自己的意思。由句意可知，C項(xiàng)正確。]二、新的題型17.Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.___11___Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.___12___Betweentheagesofabout12and50,womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility(生育能力).Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandbloodflow.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.___13___Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.___14___Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.___15___A.However,women,onaverage,livelongerB.ThebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpartC.WomenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenesD.ThefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherwayE.RecentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilitiesF.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlifeG.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions參考答案：11.A

12.G

13.D

14.C

15.E試題分析：本文講述了女性比男性壽命長的原因。11.A根據(jù)空格下一句：一般說，她們比男性多活6到7年。故空格處講的是女性平均比男性壽命更長。故選A。12.G根據(jù)空格上句：一個(gè)重要的幫助女性活得更長的生理因素是男性和女性之間荷爾蒙的不同。再根據(jù)空格下句：在大約12到50歲之間，女性生產(chǎn)參與生育的荷爾蒙。故此空與荷爾蒙有關(guān)，故G項(xiàng)“荷爾蒙是身體生產(chǎn)的控制各種身體功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。”符合上下文語境。13.D根據(jù)下句：它們幫助身體本身抵抗各種感染。故D項(xiàng)“女性荷爾蒙也用另一種方式保護(hù)身體?！狈险Z境。14.C根據(jù)下句：科學(xué)家仍然沒有確切地表明基因怎樣影響年齡，但是他們認(rèn)為基因卻是在影響年齡。故C項(xiàng)“女性基因也在幫助女性?！狈险Z境。15.E根據(jù)空格前兩句：一些人認(rèn)為女性身體細(xì)胞有比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認(rèn)為男性身體細(xì)胞有老化快的傾向。故E項(xiàng)“最近研究似乎支持這兩種可能”總結(jié)前兩句。故選E?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】在做七選五時(shí)一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示詞，可以準(zhǔn)確確定空格上的選項(xiàng)。比如第20小題，Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20句中的Some...Others...是關(guān)鍵詞，從這里知道這是兩種觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)空格前兩句：一些人認(rèn)為女性身體細(xì)胞有比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認(rèn)為男性身體細(xì)胞有老化快的傾向。故E項(xiàng)“最近研究似乎支持這兩種可能”總結(jié)前兩句。故選E。三、閱讀理解18.AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn’thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:"So,howhaveyoubeen?"Andtheboy—whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold—replied."Frankly,I'vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.''Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn’tfindoutwewere“depressed”untilwewereinhighschool.Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon’tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists,Why?Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate(天生的)biologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialroutetoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:traditionally,wetellthesixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromthefifthgraders.Inthelast30years.however,asecret-revelation(揭示)machinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision,Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately(不加區(qū)分地),toallviewersalike,whocanbechildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpractised.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.61.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis________.

A.asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachildB.somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild

C.aninevitableperiodofchildren'smentaldevelopment

D.amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren62.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld________.

A.throughcontactwithsociety

C.naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct

B.graduallyandunderguidance

D.throughexposuretosocialinformation63.Thephenomenonthattoday’schildrenseemadultlikeisattributedbytheauthorto________.

A.thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevision

B.thepoorarrangementofteachingcontents

C.thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopmentD.theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving64.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren?

A.Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.

B.Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting.

C.Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpractisemore.

D.Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday’schildren?

A.Hefeelsamusedbychairprematurebehavior.B.Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote.

C.Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment.

D.Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.參考答案：61---65BBADB略19.HungrydeerinthenortheasternUSarelikelychangingtheacoustics(音效)oftheirforestsbyeatingupbushes,smalltreesandotherleafyplantsthatnormallywouldaffectthetransmission(傳播)ofnaturalsoundssuchasbirdcalls.MeganGall,anecologistatVassarCollegewhostudieshowtheenvironmentshapesanimals’senses,showedcuriosityaboutthepossibilityaftertalkingwithacoupleofcolleagueswhowerestudyinghowbrowsing(吃草的)deercouldtransformaforestecosystembyeatinguptheentirelowerlevelofleafyplants.Gallalreadyknewthatsoundtravelsdifferentlythroughopenfieldsthanthroughthewoods.Shealsohadpreviouslystudiedhowhumannoisecaninfluencewildlifecommunication.Confusedabouthowdeermightchangewhatotheranimalshear,shedecidedtodosomeexperimentsinacoupleofforestedareasthathercolleagueshadsetupfortheirdeerstudies.Oneareawasfencedoffinawaythatkeptoutthedeer.Theotherareawasmarkedoffbutleftopensothatdeercouldenterandbrowse.Gallandtwostudentssetupaudioequipmentaroundtheseareas.Theybroadcastdifferentsoundsandcheckedtoseehowthosesoundschangedaftertravelingthrougheachenvironment.Theycheckedsoundsthattheysentthroughthelowestleveloftheforest,inthemiddle-leveloftheforestandatanglesgoingfromthegroundupward.Theresults,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,showthatthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofasoundchangedalotwhenitwastravelingthroughanareathatthedeerhadn’tsnackedon.“Whendeerwerebrowsing,weactuallyfoundthatthesoundwasclearer,”Gallsays.“Thechallengeforfurtherstudyistofindplacesthathavenotbeenbrowsed,”hesays,“toseeifanyofthesechangeshavealreadyoccurred.Deeraresopervasive.You’dreallyhavetolookhardtofindareasthathavenotbeenbrowsed.”28.WhatmadeMeganGallcurious?A.Thathungrydeermaychangehowthingssoundintheforest.B.Thattheenvironmentshapesanimals’sensesinthelongterm.C.ThatbirdcallshavegreatinfluenceontheacousticsoftheforestD.Thathungrydeerarelikelytoeatupallthelowerlevelofplants.29.WhydidMeganGallstarttheexperiments?A.Tostudyhowhumannoiseaffectswildlifecommunication.B.Toconcludethatsoundtravelsdifferentlyindifferentareas.C.Tohelphercolleaguescontinuetheirpresentstudyondeer.D.Tofigureoutdeer’sinfluenceonwhatotheranimalshear.30.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofanalyzingtheresults. B.Thepreparationsfortheexperiments.C.Whysomeforestedareasweresetup. D.Howtheexperimentswereconducted.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pervasive”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Rare. B.Generous.C.Widespread. D.Straightforward.參考答案