初中英語近義詞辨析中考復(fù)習

初中英語近義詞辨析中考復(fù)習clothes,cloth,clothingclothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是復(fù)數(shù)，cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleoffamily,house,homehome家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員.Myfamilyisahappyone.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相機拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片‘drawing畫的畫.population,peoplepopulation人口，人數(shù)，people具體的人Chinahasalargepopulation.road,street,path,wayroad具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.custom,habitcustom傳統(tǒng)風俗，習俗，也可指生活習慣，后接todo，habit生活習慣，習慣成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise運動，鍛煉（不可數(shù)）exercises練習（可數(shù)），practice（反復(fù)做的）練習Practicemakesperfect.class,lesson作"課"解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學(xué)生用class.Lesson6;class5.10.officer,officialofficer部隊的軍官，official政府官員anarmyofficerwork,job二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù)agoodjobcouple,paircouple主要指人或動物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西apairoftrouserscountry,nation,state,landcountry側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國民，民族，state側(cè)重指政府，政體,land國土，國家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.police,policemanpolice警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，policeman指某個具體的警察Tblem,questionproblem常和困難連系，前面的動詞常為thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑問連系，多和ask,answer連用.chick,chicken二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當雞肉Thechickenisdelicious.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍長的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytripsport,gamesport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等;game指決定勝負的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則Hisfavoritesportisswimming.price,prizeprice價格，prize獎，獎品，獎金winthefirstprize,Thepriceishigh/low.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof許多，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumberof…的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing21.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范圍外的前面，inthefrontof范圍內(nèi)的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我們（不止三個）中的三個，thethreeofus我們?nèi)齻€（就三個人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，onthebus表范圍Theywenttherebybus?nextyear,thenextyearnextyear將來時間狀語，thenextyear過去將來時間狀語Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear?25?inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone?26?agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩，onegirl一個女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox27?thedoctorandteacher，thedoctorandtheteacherthedoctorandteacher扌旨一個人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，thedoctorandtheteacher兩個人，一個醫(yī)生和一個老師thedoctorandteacheris28.inbed,onthebedinbed臥在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed29.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，負責照料，inthechargeof由照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.30.inclass,intheclassinclass在課上，intheclass在班級里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.31.asecond,thesecondasecond又一，再一，thesecond第Hewonthesecondprize.32.it,oneit同一物體，one同類不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的Iwas訂l.That'swhy…none,nothing,noonenone強調(diào)有多少，nothing,noone強調(diào)有沒有，nothing指物，noone指人Howmany???/Howmuch…None?anyone,anyoneanyone指人，不能接of,anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyouwho,whatwho指姓名或關(guān)系，what指職業(yè)或地位WhatisyourdadHeisateacher.what,whichwhat的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的，which在一定范圍內(nèi)進行選擇Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapplesother,anotherother后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another后接名詞單數(shù)otherstudents,anotherstudentmany,much,alotofmany和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，alotof可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.muchmore…?than,manymore…?thanmuchmore???than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，manymore…?than后接可數(shù)名詞manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautifulno,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywaterbyoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself單獨的，獨自的，foroneself為自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，自動的Thedooropenedofitself.atall,afterallatall根本，全然，afterall到底，畢竟Afterallheisachild.tall，hightall常指人或動物，high常指物體Heistall.fast，quicklyfast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點，quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快runfast，answerthequestionquicklyhealthy，healthfulhealthy健康的，健壯的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercisesleeping，asleep，sleepysleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.just,veryjust表強調(diào)時是副詞，作狀語，very表強調(diào)時是形容詞，用作定語theverymanjustthemanreal,truereal真的，真實的，指的是事實上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事實和實際情況相符合realgold,atruestorypleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定語,pleased,pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.51.ill,sickill做表語，sick定，表均可asickboygood,wellgood形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞Heiswellagain.quiet,silent,stillquiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動，still完全不動,完全無聲響Hestandtherestill.他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly幾乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.almost,nearly二者均為"幾乎,差不多"和否定詞連用用almostalmostnobodylate,latelylate遲，晚,ately最近，近來Ihaven'tseenhimlately.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均為活著的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語后置，live只能做定語，lively意為活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealiveexcited,excitingexcited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexcitingaloud,loudaloud出聲地，loud大聲地readaloud（出聲地讀）worth,worthy二者均為值得，worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdoneItisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.bad,badlybad形容詞，badly副詞，不好，但與need,want,require連用為〃很，非?！╣obadIneedthebookbadly.beforelong,longbeforebeforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelongquite,ratherquite完全地，相當于completely,rather修飾比較級quiteimpossiblehappy,gladhappy高興，幸福，定表均可，glad高興,只能做表語ahappygirl65.instead,insteadofinstead是副詞，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介詞短語，放在句中Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.toomuch,muchtootoomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞，muchtoo后接形容詞muchtooheavyraise,riseraise及物動詞，rise不及物動詞Thesunrisesintheeast.bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動作fetchaboxofchalkspend,take,pay,costspend人做主語，花錢，花時間；spend???onsth./indoingsth;take物做主語，花時間；pay人做主語，花錢，payfor;cost物做主語，花錢join,joinin,takepartinjoin加入某個組織，并成為其中的一員;joinin參加小型活動，joinsb.in；takepartin參加大型的活動Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.learn,studylearn學(xué)習，側(cè)重學(xué)習的結(jié)果，study學(xué)習，側(cè)重學(xué)習的過程，研究studytheproblemwant,hope,wishwant打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望（通常可以實現(xiàn)），hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望（通常不能實現(xiàn)）wish（sb?）todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.discover,invent,findoutdiscover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但不為人所知的東西，invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體，findout發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.answer,replyanswer及物動詞，reply不及物動詞，后接toreplytotheletter75.leave,leaveforleave離開，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.rob,stealrob搶劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb.shoot,shootatshoot射死，shootat瞄準，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.drop,falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物動詞Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.search,searchforsearch后接地點，searchfor后接?xùn)|西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.usedto,beusedtousedto過去常常，beusedto習慣于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用來，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.win,lose,beatwin后接sth.，反義詞為lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthemliveon,livebyliveon以…為主食，liveby靠…謀生liveonfish/livebyfishingbeat,hit,strikebeat連續(xù)性地擊打；hit打中，對準打；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings84.lose,misslose失去（具體的物體），錯過sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，錯過sth.ismissing,missthechancecareabout,careforcareabout關(guān)心，計較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor關(guān)心，照料，喜歡,愿意Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示"一段時間"的狀語連用，而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.continue,last二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動，被動均可,last只能用主動Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.feed,raisefeed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng)(togivefoodto)，raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)raisethefamilygoforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去請醫(yī)生，gotoadoctor去看病notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe觀察，仔細地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestarslook,seem,appearlook指從外表上看，seem指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear指給人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfathergather,collectgather把分散的東西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有選擇地進行收集collectstampsdiefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饑餓，寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素dieofhungerandcolddivide,separatedivide把一個整體分成幾部分，separate把連在一起的個體分開dividetheapple,separatethehousesarrive,get,reacharrive不及物動詞，后接in（大地點），at（小地點），get不及物動詞后接to,reach及物動詞arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijinggrow,plantgrow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant移植，移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowingmanage,trymanagetodo設(shè)法做成了某事，trytodo盡力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用語，建成，putup臨時搭建,setup建成（內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全），found國家或組織的建成putupatent,setupaschoolbefamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物對某人來說是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在…上達成一致意見，主語是復(fù)數(shù)agreewithyou,agreetotheplanthrowto,throwatthrowto扔到…，throwat朝…扔Hethrowastoneatme.receive,acceptreceive收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.wear,puton,dresswear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等，可用進行時,dress接人,bedressedin,puton表動作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.listen,hearlisten強調(diào)動作，hear強調(diào)結(jié)果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.look,see,watchlook看的動作，see看的結(jié)果，watch強調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動和發(fā)展watchTVlie,laylie躺，位于(lay,lain),說謊(lied,lied),lay平放(laid,laid)laythebookhurt,injure,woundhurt感情上受傷，injure事故中受傷，wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷Hewaswoundedinthewar.turn,get,growturn表突變，后常接表顏色的詞，get強調(diào)變的結(jié)果，grow強調(diào)過程，逐漸的變化turnyellow,gettired,growbigclose,shut,turnoffclose和shut當關(guān)解時可以通用，用于可開合的物體，turnoff用于指有開關(guān)的物體Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTVbegin,startbegin側(cè)重時間的開始，反義詞為end,start側(cè)重由靜到動的轉(zhuǎn)折，反義詞為stopClassbeginsat7:.happen,takeplacehappen偶然性的沒有預(yù)料到的事情的發(fā)生，takeplace必然性的發(fā)生Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.at,in（表地點）at小地點，in大地點arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghaidayafterday,daybydaydayafterday日復(fù)一日（無變化）；daybyday一天天地（有變化）Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.like,aslike相似關(guān)系，但并不等同，as同一關(guān)系，兩者實為一體Don'ttreatmeasachild.（Infact,I'machild.）after,in（表時間）after接時間點，in接時間段after7:00,infiveminutesbetween,amongbetween兩者之間，三者或三者以上兩兩之間，among三者或三者以上之間SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.after,behind（表位置）after強調(diào)次序的先后，behind強調(diào)物體靜態(tài)位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.since,for（完成時間狀語）since接點時間或一句話，for接一段時間forthreeyears,since3:00onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorneronthecorner物體表面的角上，inthecorner物體內(nèi)部的角落里，atthecorner物體外部的角落上（拐角處）onthecornerofthetableonearth,ontheearth,intheearthonearth在世上，在人間，到底，究竟，一點也不，ontheearth在地上，在地球上，intheearth在地下，在泥土里nouseonearthinsurprise,toone'ssurprise,bysurpriseinsurprise驚奇地，toone'ssurprise使某人吃驚的是，bysurprise使…驚慌Themarket,onthemarketinthemarket表示場所或地點，在市場上，onthemarket出售Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetablesareonthemarketnow.through,acrossthrough穿越空間，across在…上穿過throughtheforest,acrossthedesertontheway,inthewayontheway在前往…的路上，intheway擋路Thechairisintheway.above,on,overabove在上面，不接觸，on在上面，接觸，over在正上方flyoverthehilluntil,not???untiluntil到…為止，not???until直到…才（常跟點動詞連用）Iwaiteduntil3:00.Hedidn'tcomeuntil3:00.besides,except,exceptforbesides除了…還（包括在內(nèi)）except除了（不包括在內(nèi)），exceptfor整體…除了某一點以外Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.whether,if當是否解時，只有在賓語從句中二者可以互換，其余都用whether,當如果解時用ifIdon'tknowif/whetherhewillcomeIfhecomes,I'llletyouknow.and,orand并且，or或者，否則，常用于否定句中Idon'tlikeapplesorbananas.Hurryupandyou'llcatchthebus.Hurryuporyou'llmissthebus.because,since,as,for原因由強到弱為：because,since/as,for.在句中的位置如下：1)???because…Since/as…，……，for…SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgo.when,as,while(表時間)when從句動詞點動詞，持續(xù)性動詞均可，as重在表示動作同時發(fā)生，伴隨進行，while從句動詞為持續(xù)性動詞WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.thesame???as,thesame…?thatthesame???as和樣的(相似但不同亠），thesame…t