初高中英語銜接課

總結(jié)：主語通?？捎墒裁闯洚?dāng):Goodbeginningishalfdone!初高中英語銜接課：弄懂基本概念,了解句子基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)

句子成分；簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

一、句子成分???句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。???：句子成分：☆☆☆：（一）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。例如：劃出下列句子中的主語:Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）☆☆☆：（二）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：劃出句子中的謂語部分:1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。女口：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。女口：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.Weappreciatewhatyouhavedoneforus.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Mr.Brownisanexcellentengineer.Thesituationseemsquitenormalinmyopinion.ShehasbeenstudyingEnglishforscoresofyears.Weshouldbemodestandhonest.可見謂語是由構(gòu)成.或構(gòu)成.☆☆☆（三）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。劃出句中表語：例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours?（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.（動名詞）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（畐ij詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）可見表語是由;;;充當(dāng)?！睢睢睿ㄋ模┵e語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。劃出句中的賓語：例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動名詞短語）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）IthinkitinterestingtolearnEnglish.（it做形式賓語）賓語通常由;;充當(dāng)。賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補），例女口：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.☆☆☆（五）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、畐詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。劃出下列句中的賓語補足語:例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）可見賓語補足語通常由;;;充當(dāng).☆☆☆（六）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。一個句子做定語就叫做定語從句.一般情況下,單個的詞做定語修飾名詞放于名詞前,短語或句子做定語修飾名詞放于名詞后.定語可由以下等成分表示：劃出下列句中的定語.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）可見定語通常由;;777;充當(dāng).☆☆☆（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作程度,方向或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆簞澇鱿铝芯渲械臓钫Z.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）Waitaminute.（名詞）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）（狀語從句和主句之間通常有連詞,表示兩個句子個關(guān)系.連詞起連接的作用和表示主從句的關(guān)系.）狀語種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時間狀語）Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.（條件狀語）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點狀語）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語）Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）總結(jié)：哪些詞或短語或句子可以做狀語;;;通常狀語可以表示句子動作發(fā)生的鞏固練習(xí)（一）一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(?)：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(―)、狀語(=)、補語(?)：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat一toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、選擇填空：()1.willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.TheappletastedA.sweetsC.nicelyB.sweetlyD.sweet()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.late(C.latestlatter)5.TheactorD.attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.wereallverytired,butnoneofwouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.HefoundthestreetmuchA.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedcrowdedlyD.()thinknecessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedogmad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()willneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句?（一）句子種類兩種分類法☆☆☆1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!☆☆☆2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2）并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。Wall..TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.?（二）簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+不及物動詞：.Wework.2、主語+及物動詞+賓語：.Henryboughtadictionary.3、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：.Myfatherboughtmeacar.4、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）：.Tommadethebabylaugh.5、主語+系動詞+表語：.Heisastudent.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。???：（三）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,notonly???butalso…，neither???nor…，then等連接。.Theteacher'snameisSmith，andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either???or…，otherwise等。.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.???：（四）復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。從句子成分狀語部分的講解中我們知道了狀語從句的連接詞，下面的句子主要是練習(xí)判斷名詞性從句及其引導(dǎo)詞。（暫做了解，在高中階段還要重點學(xué)習(xí)）☆☆☆：名詞性從句的劃分是根據(jù)從句在整個主句中的位置劃分的，任何一個句子位于某成分的位置上，它就構(gòu)成了相應(yīng)的。。。。。語的從句。名詞性從句的連接詞有：that,whether（if）;what,who,whom,which,whose;how,when,where,why等。（haveatry）判斷下列句子中含有什么從句：（第一組））Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.Thequestionwhetherhewillcomeornotisnotsettled.Whetherhewillcomeornotisunknown.（第二組）Thathehaswontheprizeistrue.Iknowthathehaswontheprize.Thefactisthathehaswontheprize.Thefactthathehaswontheprizeistrue.（第三組）Whathesaidatthemeetingisreasonable.Idon'tknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.Iaskedhimwhathesaidatthemeeting.Thisiswhathesaidatthemeeting.Ihavenoideswhathesaidatthemeeting.Idon'tknowhowmanybookshehasread.Idon'tknowhowmuchmoneyheearned.（第四組）Pleasetellmewhenyouwillcometomorrow.Pleasetellme,whenyoucometomorrow.Doyouknowwhyheleft.Hedoesn'tknowhowhecanlearnEnglishwell.Hecan'tforgetthedayswhenhestudiedinprimaryschool從第一組到第三組中看看名詞性從句通常在句中做什么成分，看看從句和主句之間有什么連接詞:;再思考連接詞在從句中做什么成分:;;判斷用什么連接詞的關(guān)鍵是什么？判斷第四組，理解名詞性從句，狀語從句和定語從句之間的區(qū)別。???:（五）高考考點探討1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達(dá)中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。3、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and,but,or,while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點在高考中經(jīng)常考查。女口：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow。練習(xí)二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（）.I'mfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（）.It'sgreat（）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（）.三、選擇填空：TOC\o"1-5"\h\zGivemeonemoreminuteI'llbeabletofinishit.。A.andB.orC.ifD.soIt'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'titjoyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.WhatanTOC\o"1-5"\h\zLetuspass,?A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyouIsupposehe'sserious,?A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'theYouhadbetternotsmokehere,?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyouTrainashardasyoucanyou'llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or

I'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.becauseJohnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.A.Henryhasn'ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenryTherearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.soDoyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?I'dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so“isthetemperaturetoday?”“It's38degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.HowhighYouruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?.A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heisfriendlytoeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheisMarywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet16.Motheradresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.madeHelayinbedreadsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yetI'dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.IfyoutellmeAsheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.heIthoughtyouhadanumbrella.Ihad,I'velostit.A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.sodowntheradiothebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.TurnIdon'tlikechickenfish.Idon'tlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butbutC.or,andD.or,butWouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?I'dliketo,I'mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.butWouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwiseShesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived“Can'tyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointedShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.whileitwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.LeaveAlice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyouhimandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.Glanceat

C.StareatD.Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：Hedarestotellthetruth.（改為否定句）Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（對畫線部分提問）Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?（完成反意疑問）Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改為祈使句）Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.（改為一般疑問句）Itisaninterestingstory.（改為感嘆句）Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（對畫線部分提問）Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?（完成反意疑問）Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改為感嘆句）EnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.對畫線部分提問）答案寫在下面:2.4.4.Ihopeyouareverywell（復(fù)合句）.5.10.語法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（答案）練習(xí)一：一、1、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；3、謂語，狀語；4、定語；5、狀語，狀語；6、定語，表語；7、賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；9、謂語；10、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；12、狀語；13、形式賓語，真正賓語；14、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；16、賓語（間賓+直賓）；17、狀語，狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補；19、賓補；20、表語二、略三、略四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB練習(xí)二：一、1、簡單句；2、復(fù)合句；3、簡單句；4、簡單句；5、并列句；6、復(fù)合句；7、并列句；8、復(fù)合句；9、簡單句；10、簡單句I'mfine,buttired（簡單句）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（并列句）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（簡單句）.Itis