02 語(yǔ)篇理解之詞句猜測(cè)題精讀精練-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)+語(yǔ)篇能力雙清(通用版)

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)十語(yǔ)篇能力雙清(通用版)

語(yǔ)篇理解之詞義猜測(cè)題英語(yǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練和測(cè)試中的生詞障礙往往會(huì)成為學(xué)生理解的“絆腳石”，這些“絆腳石”的出現(xiàn)大致分五類:(1)舊詞新義，考杳詞匯表中未出現(xiàn)的詞義；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation'smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay301h.我們學(xué)過(guò)course的意思是“過(guò)程，課程”等，在此顯然不符句意。根據(jù)上下文course是汽車賽舉行的地方，可推斷course在該句是“車道”或“跑道”的意思。(2)合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞，如shoplifting,heartbroken,computer-literate,decision-thinking,imperfect等；(3)“靈活”的常用詞增多，這些詞必須根據(jù)具體的上下文語(yǔ)境才能正確理解?；(4)“新鮮”的外國(guó)人名、地名、專有名稱增多，這些詞有些帶有一定的文化背景(5)超綱生詞。猜測(cè)詞義是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力，也是中考閱讀理解中必考的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對(duì)比、因果、常識(shí)、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。近年來(lái)，詞義猜測(cè)題有逐漸增加的趨勢(shì)，尤其是猜測(cè)詞組、句義題。因?yàn)椴聹y(cè)詞組、句義題涉及題材背景、句子結(jié)夠、文章主旨、作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度等。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的關(guān)鍵。近幾年閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升，加大了猜測(cè)力度。命題者著重考查考生利用同義或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)篇文脈等理解生詞的能力?！久}趨勢(shì)】1、要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，正確判斷生詞詞組的含義或成熟詞在特定語(yǔ)境中表達(dá)的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜測(cè)詞義的詞一般為實(shí)詞及其詞組，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞義的具體內(nèi)容。3、代詞復(fù)指理解題也是猜測(cè)詞義的?？碱愋汀Ｓ谩斑壿嬯P(guān)系梳理法”、“遞向?qū)ほ櫡ā崩砬迦宋锛笆挛镏g的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在?！驹O(shè)問(wèn)形式】Theunderlinedword”…"inthesccond(third---)paragraphrefersto(means).Bysaying”…"inthefirst(second??,)paragraph,theauthormeansthat.longerthanthosewhohaveamorenegativeopiniontolife.Itshowedthepossibilityofpositivepeoplelivingtotheageof85ormore.So,maybethethoughtofalongerlifemightencourageyoutobemorepositivetolife.Thestudyfoundthatoptimistsmayfinditeasiertocontrolfeelingsandgetlessstressed.Andasstressinfluencestheimmunesystem（免疫系統(tǒng)），it'spossiblethatoptimistsdealbetterwithillness.ProfessorLee,whoworkedonthestudy,said,“Ourfindingssuggestthatraisinglevelsofoptimismmayleadtolongerlifeandhealthierageing.,'Andsheadvisesthatpessimists（悲觀主義者）couldgetbetterfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingturnsoutwell.Butaglasshalfemptytypeofpersoncanhardlyseetheworldthroughhopcfi.ilglasses.Ifyou,retheoneamongthem,whatcouldyoudo?Acceptingthatweallhaveproblemsandwe'renotallthesamecanhelp.It'sbesttocelebratethepositivesandnotthinkaboutthenegativepartsofourlives.Peoplehavebeensharingtheirpersonaladviceonkeepingapositivewaytolife.VickiSiskasays,“Musicfeedsmysoul,andIhavegoodfriendswhocarefbrme.”Thesayinggoesthat“ahealthybodyleadsahealthymind“whichisperhapswhyotherpeoplehaveadviseddoingdeepthinkingaswellasstayinghealthytohelpkeepapositiveopinionaboutlife.FromParagraphsI&2,wecanlearnthat.A.negativeopinionsleadtobadendingsB.beingpositiveisn'taseasyaswethoughtC.”bepositivc^^isenjoyedbypessimistsD.optimisticpeopleliketohavealonglifeAccordingtoParagraph3,thestudyfoundthat.A.optimistsusuallygetmorestressedB.pessimistsareimpossibletolivelongC.optimistsareeasytodevelopillnessD.positiveimaginingisgoodfbrpessimistsTheunderlinedpart“glasshalfempty“inParagraph4probablymeans.A.negativeB.strongC.helpfulD.outgoingAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Thestudyfoundthatpessimistscouldlive（obe85orahigherage.Optimistsarcseldomillbecausetheyhaveagoodimmunesystem.Pessimistsarcthoseunluckypeoplewhoalwayshaveproblems.Positiveopinionsaboutlifemightleadtogoodphysicalhealth.Thepassagemainlytellsus.A.tohavealonglifeB.totreatlifepositivelyC.theimportanceofhealthD.whatoptimistsandpessimistsare5C.theimportanceofhealth555Elephantsarethelargestlandanimalsalive（oday.Africanelephantsliveinfamilygroupscalledherds.Alloftheelephantsintheherdtakecareofeachother.Theleaderoftheherdisanoldmotherelephant.Sheisthematriarch.Aherdmayhaveasfewaseightorasmanyas100elephants.Theotherelephantsfollowthematriarchbecausesheknowshowtoguardthefamilyifdangerappears.Adultmaleelephantsgoofftoliveontheirownandstartfamilies.Elephantslearnbywatchingandcopyingotherelephants,andfromlife.Babyelephantsstaywiththeirmothersuntiltheyarefullygrownatabouttenyearsold.Elephantslivetobe50or60yearsold.Elephantsareintelligentanimalswithlongmemories.Eveninadryspell,amatriarchcanrememberwherewaterwasfoundin（hepast.Theherdwillfollowherthere.Shecanalsorememberthesafestplaceforbabyelephantstocrossafast-movingriver.Elephantstalktoeachotherwithlowrumblingsounds.Somerumblingsoundsarcsodeepthatpeoplearcunabletohearthem.Elephantshearsoundswiththeirears,thesolesoftheirfeet,andeventheirtrunks（象鼻.）.Theyalsogreeteachotherbytouchingwiththeirtrunksandfeet.Ifdangerappears,mothersflaptheircarstocalltheirbabiestothem.Otheranimalsdonotusuallyaitack（襲擊）elephants.However,alionmighttrytoattackasickelephantorababy.Ifthishappens,everyoneisonguard.Theadultelephantscirclearoundthebabyelephants.Theadultsmakeloudtrumpetingsoundsandhitthegroundwiththeirtrunks.Thematriarchputsherselfbetweenthelionandtheherd.Sheflapsherearsouttomakeherselflookevenlarger.Thenshelowersherheadandchargestheenemyinabigcloudofdust.AccordingtoParagraphs1&2,thematriarch.A.protectstheherdB.justfollowstheherdC.drinkswateraloneD.istheoldestelephantWhichofthefollowingprobablybestexplains“spell"underlinedinParagraph2?A.Magician.B.Prediction.C.Period.D.Ability.AccordingtoParagraph3,howdoelephantscommunicatewitheachother?Peoplecanhearallthesoundsofelephants.Elephantscanheareachotheronlywithears.Elephantsgreeteachotherbyflappingears.Elephants,trunkscanbeusedtocommunicate.Whichof（hefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Noelephantstakecareofbabyelephantsatthetimeofdanger.Babyelephantsstaywiththeirmothersaslongastheywant.Amatriarchcanfindthewaterbecauseofthelongmemory.Whenalionattacks,adultelephantscirclearoundthematriarch.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.ABabyAndAMatriarch.B.AnElephantHerd.C.ALionAndAnElephant.D.AnElephantMatriarch.6Ourschoolheldmanyactivitieslastweek.WecalleditRoadSafetyWeek.Oneoftheeducationalactivitieswasaspeechgivenbyapoliceofficer.Hesharedsomethingabouttheroadsafety.Herearesomeimportantpointsabouthisspeech.Mosttrafficaccidentsshouldn'thappen.Theyhappenbecausepeoplearecareless.Afreauentcause（原因）oftrafficaccidentsisspeed.Somepeopledrivetoofast.Thismeansthatiftheyhavetostopsuddenly,theycannotstopquicklyenoughtoavoid（避免）hittingothers.Youneed（orememberthiswhenyouarecrossingthestreetorwalkingalongthesidewalk（人行道）.It'snotonlydriverswhocauseaccidents.However,peopleonfbot-pcdcstrians（行,andbicycleridersoftencauseaccidents,too.Pedestrianssometimeswalkoutintothestreetwithoutlooking.Youshouldalwayslookonbothsidesbeforesteppinginto（hestreet.Doanyofyourideabike?Bicycleriderscancauseaccidentsbychangingdirectionssuddenlyorwithoutwarningotherroadusers.Beforeyouturnleft,forexample,youshouldcheckbehindyoutomakesuretherearen'tanycars,trucksorbusescoming.Youshouldshowwithyourlefthandtotellthatyouwanttoturnleft.Youshouldnotturnuntilthestreetisclear.Therulesoftheroadareverysimple.Ifwelearnthemandobey（遵守）them,weshouldnothaveaccidentsanymore.ThereweremoreotheractivitiesinRoadSafetyWeek.Ihopeeverystudentcouldlearnsomething.Mosttrafficaccidentsshouldn'thappenif.A.peoplearemorecarefulB.peopledon'tknowtherulesC.peoplecrossthestreetsquicklyD.peoplestoptheircarssuddenlyTheunderlinedword“frequent"inthepassagemeansinChinese.A.自由的B.罕見(jiàn)的C.頻繁的D.所有的Whatshouldn'ttheridersdowhenridingbikesonthestreet?Makingsuretherearen'tanycarscoming.Warningotherroadusersbeforecrossingthestreet.Showingwithyourrighthandtotellthatyouwanttoturnright.Changingdirectionssuddenlyorwithoutwarningotherroadusers.Fromthepoliceofficer'sspeech,wecanlearnthefollowingexceptthat（除了）.ridingbikesisthemostdangerousil'snotonlydriverswhocausetrafficaccidentssomepeoplehaveaccidentsbecausetheydrivetooquicklyobeyingtherulesoftheroadmaystopyoufromhavingaccidentsWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.SafetyFirstB.RoadSafetyWeekC.HowtoKeepSafeD.ADiscussionaboutSafety7Onceuponatime,therewasayoungmancalledDon.Oneday,Doncaughtalargefish.Ashewasabouttosellthefish,thefishsuddenlystartedsaying,“Pleasedon'tkillme!”DonthoughttohimselC"1mustbedreaming!Howcanafishlalk?”Thefishcarriedon,“Youaren'tdreaming.Icanreadyourmind.Ifyousetmefree,I'llgramyouthreewishes.^^Donhesitated（猶豫）forawhile,butputthefishbacktothesealateron.Doncontinuedhislifeasafishermanjustlikebefore.Oneday,hewalkedpastapoorvillageafterfishing.Sonicchildrenweresittinginfrontoftheiroldandbrokenhouse.Theyhadbeenhungryfordays.Donquicklytookoutailhisfishtothem.Hewishedhecouldhavemorefoodforthem.Suddenly,alotofdeliciousfoodappearedonthetable.WhilethechildrenweresleepingafterthebignieaLDonsawthattheirclothesweretooold.Donthought,“IhopetheycanhavenewclothesandIhopetheycanhavenewfurnituresothattheycanlivecomfortably.”Suddenly,theclothesonthechildrenbecamenewandclean.Thefurnitureinthehousebecamenewandcomfortable,too.Donrememberedwhatthefishtoldhim."Thatfishkeptitsword...”hesaidtohimself.WhatdidDondoforaliving?A.Hecaughtfish.B.Hecookedfish.C.Hemadefurniture.D.Hemadeclothes.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"grant''meaninChinese?A.拒絕B.制定C.支持D.答應(yīng)Thefishsaid,"...Icanreadyourmind."Whatdiditmean?A.Thefishcouldread.B.Thefishcouldspeak.C.ThefishknewwhatDonwasthinking.D.ThefishunderstoodwhatDonwassaying.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthechildrenisNOTtrue?A.Theyhadbeenhungryfordays.B.Theirhousewasoldandbroken.C.Theyhadnotsleptforalongtime.D.Theydidnothavemoney(obuynewclothes.WhichistheBESTtideforthepassage?A.Don'tkillafishB.Afish'sthreewishesC.ArichfishermanandafishD.Thefisherman'sthreewishes8Youmightfeelfullafterhavingabigmeal.Butyoumayactuallysufferfrom“hiddenhunger”.Thismeansthatwhatyoucatmayfillyourstomach,butit'snotgivingyouthepropernutritionthatyourbodyneeds.Thishappenswhenfoodlacksthevitaminsandmineralspeopleneedtostayhealthy,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Atpresent,"hiddenhunger”afleets2billionpeopleworldwide,including300millionpeopleinChina.Itismostcommonlyseenamongchildrenandteenagersandcanresultinbadimmunesystem,blindnessorevendeath,ChinaNewsServicereported.ManyChinesepeopledon,tgetenoughiron,calcium,vitaminAandvitaminD.Onemainreasonisthatagriculturalproductsdon'thavemuchofthesenutrients.Over40percentofChina'sfarmlandislostitsvitaminsandminerals,loweringthenutritionalvalueofthecropsthatgrowonit,accordingtoXinhua.Manyoftheprocessedfoodsthatpeopleenjoyeatingtoday,suchaschips,burgersandcookies,havemadethesituationworse.Vitaminsandmineralsareaeasilylostwhenthesefoodsareprocessed.People'sDailynoted.Thehumanbodyneeds16kindsofminerals,includingironandcalcium,and13kindsofvitamins,includingvitaminsAandD,tostayhealthy.Vitaminshelpmaintainhealthyeyesandskinandallowyourbonestogrowproperly.Mineralsareimportantformaintainingbloodpressureandmakingnewcells.Inresponse,China'sgovernmenthascreatedseveralactionplanstoimprovepublichealth,aswellasdevelopandpromotenutritiousfoods.Eatingmorefreshnutrition-richfoodlikevegetables,wholegrainsanddairycanhelpusstayhealthy.Forvegetableslikecarrotsandbroccoli,boilingandsteamingcanbetterpresenetheirnutritionwhencomparedtofryingthem,CNNsuggests.WordBanknutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)immunesystem免疫系統(tǒng)promote推廣preserve保留“Hiddenhunger“happenswhen.A.whatyoueatincludesomefreshnutrition-richfoodlikevegetables.whatyoueatcan'lgiveyouthepropernutritionyourbodyneed.whatyoucatfillsyourstomachbutyoustillfeelhungry.whatyoucatisn'tabigmeal.Whichoneisnotthereasonwhypeoplecan'tgetpropernutrition?Peopleeattoomuchprocessedfoodssuchaschips,burgersandcookies.Over40percentofChinasfarmlandislosingitsvitaminsandminerals.Childrenandteenagersareinbadimmunesystem.Someagriculturalproductsdon'thavemuch.Theunderlinedword“processed”means.A.污染的B.加工的C.出口的D.改進(jìn)的Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Vitaminsmaycauseblindness.Vitaminsincludeironandcalcium.Vitaminshelpmaintainhealthyeyesandskin.Vitaminsarehardlylostwhenfoodsareprocessed.Thepassageprobablymaybetakenfrom.A.ashoppingposterB.asciencereportC.aguidebookD.ahealthmagazine參考答案11.A2.A3.B4.B5.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了音樂(lè)帶給人們好處，可以使人們精神愉悅，擺脫困境等。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Singingcanbringnumbersofhealthbenefits（益處）.”可知，唱歌能帶來(lái)許多健康的好處。故選A。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“Somepeoplesaythatmusicislikeakindoflanguage.Thelanguagecanshowpeople'sopinionsandattitudes（態(tài)度）totheirlife.”可猜測(cè)出，下劃線單詞"expression”的漢語(yǔ)意思應(yīng)是“表達(dá)"。故選A。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中"Somesongscanmakepeoplehappyandexcited.That'swhytheVoiceofChinaispopularamongpeople.”可知，中國(guó)好聲音如此受歡迎是因?yàn)橛行└枨屓藗冮_(kāi)心和興奮。故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Theydon'tlikesingingandtheysaysingingcannevermakethemhappy.”可知,有些人不喜歡唱歌是正確的。故選B。.最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第二段Singingcanbringnumbersofhealthbenefits（益處）.”可知，文章最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是“唱歌的好處”。故選Do2.D7.A8.B9.B10.C【解析】我們一向以為快樂(lè)僅僅是指剛發(fā)生的事情會(huì)讓我們感到快樂(lè)，但事實(shí)上與別人保持好的關(guān)系可以讓我們一直保持良好的心情。本文向我們介紹了一些快樂(lè)的方法。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Onewayisbeingunselfish,notwantingeverythingfromourfriends.Anotherwayistolookfbrgoodpoints,notbadonesinotherpeople.”可知，?種方法是無(wú)私，不要想從朋友那里得到,切；另一種方法是在別人身上尋找優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而不是缺點(diǎn)。故選D。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Beingfriendlyandpolitetoyourgroup…”可知，作者建議對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)友好禮貌，故選A。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Atthesametime,itisimportanttorememberthat,whileyouarcprobablynoworsethanothers,thebestwaytobehappyistothinkyourselfaboveotherpeople.Whensomethingiswrong,itisgoodsensetotrytomakeitright.”可知，與此同時(shí)，重要的是要記住，雖然你可能不比別人差，但讓自己快樂(lè)的最好方法是認(rèn)為自己比別人高；當(dāng)某件事出錯(cuò)時(shí)，努力改正是明智的。選項(xiàng)B”能夠改變?cè)愀獾臓顩r”與之相符，故選B。.詞義猜測(cè)題。分析“Justrememberthatweallhavesomeofthesefaultsandhavetofightagainstthem.”可知,我們每個(gè)人都有一些這樣的缺點(diǎn)，我們必須與它們作斗爭(zhēng)，所以此處faults的意思是“缺點(diǎn)”，故選B。.主旨大意題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，本文向我們介紹了一些快樂(lè)的方法，故選C。3.C12.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】本文介紹了同?種顏色在你的眼中和別人的眼中是不同的原因。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Peoplewithweakerreceptorsusuallyhavecolorblindness.Thatthereceptorcan'ttranslatethelightwavescorrectlymeanssomepeoplecannottelldifferentshadesofacolor."可知，色盲的人無(wú)法正確地辨別顏色，故選C。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Inthepast,mostscientistsarguedthateveryonesawcolorsinthesameway.“可知，過(guò)去，大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為每個(gè)人看顏色的方式都是一樣的。因此通過(guò)研究，科學(xué)家能更好地了解顏色，故選A。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatifeveryoneintheworldhasthesamefavoritecolor,butjustcallsitdifferentnames.”可知，同樣的顏色可能被賦予不同的名稱。故選D。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Buthowdoyouknowwhatyouseeasblueisivtsomeoneelse'sred?"和"Whatifeveryoneintheworldhasthesamefavoritecolor,butjustcallsitdifferentnames.“可知，本文主要解釋了為什么人們對(duì)同一種顏色的看法不同。故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Buthowdoyouknowwhatyousecasblueisn'tsomeoneelse'sred?”可知，此處解稱為什么你眼中的藍(lán)色可能會(huì)是別人眼中的紅色，因此屬于科學(xué)知識(shí)，摘自科學(xué)雜志，故選B.4.B17.D18.A19.D20.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，向我們介紹積極的心態(tài)和態(tài)度對(duì)人們的好處。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二兩段內(nèi)容和“Ofcourse,developingapositive（積極的）opinioniseasiersaidthandone.Whenyou'refeelingdown,itishardtobeoptimistic（樂(lè)觀的）.”可知,保持積極心態(tài)并不像我們想象的那么容易，故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Andsheadvisesthatpessimists（悲觀主義者）couldgetbetterfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingturnsoutwell.”可知,悲觀主義者可以做一些事情，比如想象一個(gè)一切都好起來(lái)的未來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D“積極的想象對(duì)悲觀主義者是有好處的“與之相符，故選D。.詞義猜測(cè)題。分析“Andsheadvisesthatpessimists（悲觀主義者）couldgetbetterfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingtumsoutwell.”和“Butaglasshalfemptytypeofpersoncanhardlyseetheworldthroughhopefulglasses.”可知，半杯空的人很難透過(guò)充滿希望的眼鏡看世界，此處glasshalfempty的是“悲觀的“，故選A。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"ButastudyintheUShasfoundthatpeoplewhoareoptimistsaremorelikelytolivelonger”可知，美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，樂(lè)觀的人更有可能活得更長(zhǎng)。故選D。.主旨大意題。本文向我們介紹積極的心態(tài)和態(tài)度對(duì)人們的好處。選項(xiàng)B“積極對(duì)待生活”符合主題，故選5.A22.C23.D24.C25.B【解析】短文講了大象的生活習(xí)性，詳細(xì)地介紹了它們是怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)，記憶事物和學(xué)習(xí)等。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Theotherelephantsfollowthematriarchbecausesheknowshowtoguardthefamilyifdanger叩pears.”可知，其他大象跟著母象，因?yàn)樗涝谖ｋU(xiǎn)出現(xiàn)時(shí)如何保護(hù)家庭。故選A。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Eveninadryspell,amatriarchcanrememberwherewaterwasfoundinthepast.“可知，即使是在干旱時(shí)期，母象也能記得過(guò)去哪里有水。此處spell是“時(shí)期”的含義，故選C。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Elephantstalktoeachotherwithlowrumblingsounds...Elephantshearsoundswiththeircars,thesolesoftheirfeet,andeventheirtrunks（象鼻）.”可知，大象用低沉的聲音相（交談，大象也可以用耳朵、腳底、甚至用鼻子聽(tīng)聲音。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Elephantsareintelligentanimalswithlongmemories.Eveninadryspell,amatriarchcanrememberwherewaterwasfoundinthepast."可知，大象是聰明的動(dòng)物，記憶力很好，即使是在干旱時(shí)期，母象也能記得過(guò)去哪里有水。故選C。.最佳標(biāo)題題。短文講了大象的生活習(xí)性，詳細(xì)地介紹了它們是怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)，記憶事物和學(xué)習(xí)等。選項(xiàng)B“象群”符合主題，故選B。6.A27.C28.D29.A30.C【解析】本文是在學(xué)校道路安全周時(shí)\一位警察在學(xué)校就道路安全所做的演講中的一些要點(diǎn)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mosttrafficaccidentsshouldn'thappen.Theyhappenbecausepeoplearccareless.''可知，大多數(shù)交通事故的發(fā)生是因?yàn)槿藗兊拇中?，也就是說(shuō)如果人們更加小心的話，這些事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Mosttrafficaccidents……”可知，此段在講的是大多數(shù)的交通事故，由此可猜測(cè)，這里的原因也應(yīng)是大多數(shù)事故的共性，也就是常見(jiàn)的原因，C選項(xiàng)與此表達(dá)類似。故選C。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Bicycleriderscancauseaccidentsbychangingdirectionssuddenlyorwithoutwarningotherroadusers.”可知，騎自行車的人可能會(huì)因?yàn)橥蝗桓淖兎健鱿蚧虿痪嫫渌缆肥褂谜叨斐墒鹿?，所以這應(yīng)是騎自行車的人在路上不應(yīng)該做的事情。故選D。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。提及騎自行車的安全知識(shí)主要在文章第四段出現(xiàn)，但是第四段并未表達(dá)過(guò)“端自行車是最危險(xiǎn)的”的意思，所以從警察的演講中我們不能了解到這點(diǎn)。故選A。.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要是一位警察就道路安全所做的演講中的一些要點(diǎn)，這些要點(diǎn)中警察教會(huì)我們?nèi)绾巫袷氐缆芬?guī)則，也就是教我們?nèi)绾伪Ｕ献约旱陌踩９蔬xC。7.A32.D33.C34.C35.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一個(gè)漁民Don捕到一條魚(yú)，魚(yú)希望Don放了它，而它滿足了漁民的三個(gè)愿望。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Doncontinuedhisli色asafishermanjustlikebefore.”可知,Don以捕魚(yú)為生,故選A。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前句“Ifyousetmefree,"可猜測(cè)出，下劃線單詞“grant”的漢語(yǔ)意思應(yīng)是“答應(yīng)”。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“Donthoughttohimself,UImustbedreaming!Howcanafishtalk?”Thefishcarriedon,44Youaren'tdreaming.”可推斷出,UIcanreadyourmind.”的意思應(yīng)是魚(yú)知道Don在想什么。故選C。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中"Whilethechildrenweresleepingafterthebigmeal,Donsawthattheirclothesweretooold”可知，他們很久沒(méi)睡覺(jué)了是不正確的。故選C。.最佳標(biāo)題題。短文主要講述了一個(gè)漁民Don捕到一條魚(yú)，魚(yú)希望Don放了它，而它滿足了漁民的三個(gè)愿望。故最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是“漁夫的三個(gè)愿望故選D。8.B37.C38.B39.C40.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了“隱性饑餓”的含義、成因以及一些解決方法；因?yàn)椤半[性饑餓”影響了全球兩百萬(wàn)人的健康，所以政府也在努力采取措施改善這一問(wèn)題。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段，Thishappenswhenfoodlacksthevitaminsandmineralspeopleneedtostayhealthy…”可知，當(dāng)食物缺少人體所需的維生素和礦物質(zhì)時(shí)，也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)人們吃的東西不能給身體提供所需的適當(dāng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)時(shí)，人們就會(huì)遭受“隱性饑餓故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Onemainreasonisthatagriculturalproductsdon'thavemuchofthesenutrients.Over40percentofChina'sfarmlandislostitsvitaminsandminerals…”和第五段"Vitaminsandmineralsareaeasilylostwhenthesefoodsarcprocessed.”可知，“農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中沒(méi)有太多營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)"，“中國(guó)40%以上的農(nóng)田失去Inparagraph“…”canbereplacedby"Themeaningof”???”inparagraph,?,isrelatedto.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto,,,(paragraph,?,)?Theunderlinedsentenceintheparagraphprobablymeansthat.【應(yīng)試技巧】詞義猜測(cè)題的解答需要考生根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語(yǔ)境上下文來(lái)判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用常規(guī)詞義來(lái)麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語(yǔ)境主觀臆斷。1.構(gòu)詞法猜詞閱讀中常常會(huì)遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構(gòu)詞法對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個(gè)詞,可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根,fore是“先,前，預(yù)”的含義，un是否定,able是“能的，可的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能預(yù)見(jiàn)到的”意思?！镜淅纠?..Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.M...Theunderlinedword“outcome“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection【答案】B【解析】運(yùn)用"構(gòu)詞法''進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。動(dòng)詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出“。再根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境,可猜測(cè)出其意義是：(實(shí)驗(yàn)的)結(jié)果。2.利用同義近義詞猜詞在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)可從熟悉的詞語(yǔ)中推知生詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或。r,這些詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義?！镜淅纠?..Fermat'sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatinthe了維生素和礦物質(zhì)''以及“食品在加工過(guò)程中容易丟失維生素和礦物質(zhì)”都會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們不能得到足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，只有C選項(xiàng)不是其中的原因。故選C。.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段“…suchaschips,burgersandcookies…”可知，作為例子的薯?xiàng)l、漢堡和餅干都屬于加工過(guò)的食品，所以畫線處的單詞意為“加工的”。故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Vitaminshelpmaintainhealthyeyesandskin…”可知，維生素有助于保持眼睛和皮膚健康，C選項(xiàng)符合原文表達(dá)。故選C。40..主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了與人體健康有關(guān)的“隱性饑餓”，由此可知此文章可能出自健康雜志。故選Doseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique....Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle“asitisusedinthetext?Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.Tolimitpeople'simagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使得最具有數(shù)學(xué)頭腦的科學(xué)家絞盡腦汁（beat）,并且在句中beaten和baffled處于同等的并列關(guān)系，根據(jù)這?信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、難倒、難以理解”的意思。3.利用反義詞猜詞對(duì)比是描述，說(shuō)明事物的常用方式。在對(duì)比中，對(duì)比的事物是互為相反的，因此根據(jù)反義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來(lái)說(shuō)明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句為肯定與否定或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關(guān)系上起著互為線索的作用。【典例示例】...Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclcrio,anEvasionmotheroftwo,ages4and18months....74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^hassle''probablymean?Apartydesignedbyspecialists.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.Asituationcausingdifllcultyortrouble.Ademandmadebyguests.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)前句的否定doesn't與后句的肯定canbe這一對(duì)比關(guān)系，可以判斷出，為了慶祝孩子的生日，又不至「麻煩，可以買一個(gè)生日開(kāi)心包。Hassle的意思應(yīng)該與fun相反，而與difficulty,trouble相近。答案為C。4.利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，是閱讀過(guò)程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來(lái)中考考查的熱點(diǎn)?！镜淅纠縒ouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfuraymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.??????WhatdocstheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?Endone'sstrugglefbrliberty.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述要成功，就需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣的生活才會(huì)有意義。52.D［解析］詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段I'intalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知,作者談?wù)摰牟皇悄切](méi)有到達(dá)巔峰的人，而是談?wù)撃切┎辉賹W(xué)習(xí)成長(zhǎng)的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。5.利用定義和解釋猜詞有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來(lái)猜測(cè)這些詞的意思。釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間，Xj生詞以定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明的方式。【典例示例】“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,Goldsaid.uThefoodisfreeofpesticides（農(nóng)藥），andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty."Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend“asthewordsareusedinthetext?Growinginterestinorganicfood.Betterqualityoforganicfood.Risingmarketfororganicfood.Higherpricesoforganicfood.【答案】A［解析】由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推斷出,越來(lái)越多的顧客像Gold??樣開(kāi)始購(gòu)買有機(jī)食物，其實(shí)也就是對(duì)這類食物產(chǎn)生了越來(lái)越濃厚的興趣。答案為A。6.根據(jù)語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折猜詞有時(shí)文章的作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會(huì)用一些含有表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，副詞或短語(yǔ)。如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,on（hecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,rather（han,foronething,foranother等，我們可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折意思猜測(cè)詞義。【典例示例】...Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyarcactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.???71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains''probablymeans"A.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful【答案析】A【解析】由However從句當(dāng)中的alfirslglance（乍一眼看上去），與下文中的lakespecialpains進(jìn)行對(duì)比，既然不是一眼就看出那么簡(jiǎn)單，那么自然要費(fèi)力去想了。由此可以推斷出A項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。7.利用經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)猜詞【典例示例】…"Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens（警笛）going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsontheshoulder.^^Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto.A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容描述，可以知道panicked意思是“驚慌”，相當(dāng)于fear。知識(shí)強(qiáng)化一、閱讀單選1Somepeople（hinkthatsingingcanliftourspirits（精神）.Therearesomeotherpeoplewhodon'tthinkso.Theydon'tlikesingingandtheysaysingingcannevermakethemhappy.Idon'tagreewiththat.Ithinksingingcanmakeusfeelgood.Ofcourse（heycanliftourspirits.Letmetellyoumoreaboutthat.Someresearchersoncedidsomesurveysandhaveproved（hatis（rue.Singingcanbringnumbersofhealthbenefits（益處）.Ifyousingwithyourfriends,theeffectsmaybeevenbetter.JohnLennonisaretiredprofessorofvocal（音的）performanceatEmporiaStateUniversity.Hesays,“Singingisaninborn（天生的）need.Babiessingtothemselvesandtheyseemsohappy.Likebabies,whenwesing,wefeelsogoodandsingingmakesusfeelhappy.IlikesingingandIamhappyeveryday.”Musicisapailofhumannature.Andsingingisaformofexpressionthatisunderstoodbyeveryone.Somepeoplesaythatmusicislikeakindoflanguage.Thelanguagecanshowpeople'sopinionsandattitudes（態(tài)度）totheirlife.Somesongscancheerpeopleupwhentheyareintrouble.Somesongscanmakepeoplehappyandexcited.That'swhytheVoiceofChinaispopularamongpeople.Whatcansingingbring?A.Healthbenefits.B.Mentalproblems.C.Happinessandwealth.D.Somepressure.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordexpressionprobablymeaninChinese.A.表達(dá)B.表情C.運(yùn)動(dòng)D.放松Whyi