2022北京育英學(xué)校高二（上）期末英語（教師版）

2022北京育英學(xué)校高二（上）期末英語（本試卷共8頁，滿分100分，考試時長90分鐘。）第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。OutsideourhotelinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam,aseeminglyancientwomanwaitedbesidethedoorwithherhandoutstretched（伸出）.EverydayIputmyhandinhersasoureyesmet.Shenever1toreturnmysmile,mygrasp,andmygreeting.Onthelastdayofourvisit,Ifoundmyself2onabusycomeracrossthestreetfromourhotel.Bicyclesandmotorbikesrushedinfrontofme.Wehadbeenadvisedtowalkstraightthroughtheheavytrafficwithoutlookingrightorleft.Letthem3us.ButtonightIwasbymyselfandfelt4tofacethestreamofvehicles.AsIhesitatedonthesidewalk,Ifeltahandonmyelbowandlookeddowntoseethesmileofmysmallbeggarfriendlookingupatme.Shenoddedherheadtowardthestreet,indicatingthatshewouldtakemeacross.Together,wemovedslowlyintothechaos.Thenwcmovedontowardsthesidewalk,whereshepulledmyfacedowntohers,kissedmeonbothchecks,andthenwalkedaway,stillsmilingandwavingbacktome.Ihadnotgivenherasinglecoin.Wehad5somethingvastlymoreimportant—awanningofheartsinfriendship.Travelinginpoorernations,Ihavewitnessedavarietyofwaystodealwithbeggars.Themostcommonresponseoftouristsfacedwiththoseextremelypoorpeopleistoignorethemandfbcustheireyeselsewhere.Ihaveseenpeoplepushawayanoutstretchedhandin6.Afewmayhurriedlydropafewcoins,andthenmakeaquickgetawayinhopesthatanother20raggedbeggarswon,timmediatelyappearonthe7.Formanyreasons,givingmoneyisnotthebestresponsetoanoutstretchedhand.Thegreatestgiftistimeandrespect.Tolookbeggarsintheeyeandsmile,thusacknowledgingtheirexistence,isasmallthing.Puttingyourhandintoanother'soutstretchedhandandgraspingit8fbramomentisalsoasmallthing.Buttheseareimportant.Everyoneneeds9、tobeseenasworthyofbeing10,tofeelappreciatedandloved.AndIbelievethateveryoneisworthyandworthknowing.1.A.attemptedB.wantedC.managedD.failed2.A.freeB.aloneC.lostD.exposed3.A.avoidB.stopC.leadD.direct4.A.unwillingB.inadequateC.inappropriateD.unfit5.A.earnedB.sharedC.expectedD.undertaken6.A.anxietyB.desperationC.annoyanceD.sadness7.A.streetB.comerC.wayD.scene8.A.firmlyB.casuallyC.cautiouslyD.eagerly參考答案第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B5.B6.C7.D8.A9.C10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在越南遇到的一個女乞丐，在對女乞丐給予施舍的同時，乞丐也回饋作者的幫助。讓作者感到每個人都需要認可，需要被了解，需要被欣賞和被愛。作者也相信每個人都有價值，值得了解?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她總是回應(yīng)我的微笑、握手和問候。A.attempted試圖，嘗試；B.wanted想要；Cmanaged設(shè)法，努力做;D.failed失敗、未能。根據(jù)上文“EverydayIputmyhandinhersasoureyesmet.”（每天，當(dāng)我們的目光相遇時，我都會把手放在她的手中）可知，作者主動去招呼女人，以及下文女乞丐的友好可■知，她從來沒有不回應(yīng)作者的微笑、握手和問候。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們參觀的最后一天，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己獨自一人在酒店對面一個繁忙的街角。A.free免費的，自由的;B.alone獨自的；C.lost迷失的；D.exposed暴露的。根據(jù)下文MtonightIwasbymyselfn可知，作者獨自一人。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有人建議我們徑直穿過擁擠的車流，不要看左右。讓他們避開我們。A.avoid避開；B.stop阻止；C.lead帶領(lǐng)；D.direct引導(dǎo)。由上文解析“被告知在穿過擁擠的車流時不要看左右”，結(jié)合句意，“他們避開我們”，為遞進關(guān)系。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但今晚，我獨自一人，面對車流感到力不從心。A.unwilling不情愿的；B.inadequate信心不足的；不充分的；C.inappropriate不合適的;D.unfit不合適的。由"ButtonightIwasbymysclP可知今晚是作者一個人過馬路，結(jié)合句意可知，作者是感到力不從心了。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們分享了更重要的東西一一友誼之心的溫暖。A.earned掙錢；B.shared分享；C.expected期望；D.undertaken進行。根據(jù)上文“Ihadnotgivenherasinglecoin.”可知作者沒給她錢，結(jié)合句意分享了更重要的東西。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我見過有人惱怒地推開別人伸出的手。A.anxiety焦慮；B.desperation絕望；C.annoyance惱怒；D.sadness悲傷。根據(jù)上文wignorethemandfbcustheireyeselsewherev可知,人們忽視他們，對他們感到很厭煩。故選C項。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后迅速走開，希望不會再出現(xiàn)另外20個衣衫襤褸的乞丐。A.street街道；B.comer拐角；C.way方式，方法；D.scene場景。由句意可知，onthescene"在現(xiàn)場”為固定短語。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：把你的手放在別人伸出的手里，緊緊地握一會兒，這也是小事。A.firmly牢固地；B.casually隨意地；C.cautiously小心地:D.eagerly熱切地。此處為副詞修飾動詞grasp。根據(jù)句意，結(jié)合選項意思應(yīng)為“緊緊地握著"，BCD與句意不符。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個人都需要認可。A.motivation動機；B.encouragement鼓勵；C.recognitionU可；D.commitment承諾。根據(jù)上文“thusacknowledgingtheirexistence”可知，承認他們的存在和認可意思一致。故選C項。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個人都需要認可，需要被了解，需要被欣賞和被愛。A.liked喜歡；B.trusted信任；C.accepted接受；D.known了解。根據(jù)下文“worthknowing.”可知,每個人都值得被了解。故選D項。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）【答案】ILhadcollectedwhich##thatwasencouragedwhat【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹美國著名游泳運動員菲利普斯。[11題詳解】考查過去完成時。句意：到菲爾普斯31歲退役時，他已經(jīng)在奧運會上獲得了23枚金牌，3枚銀牌和2枚銅牌，這一紀錄在未來很多年都不太可能被打破。該句是復(fù)合句，含Bythelime”到……時候”引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句是一般過去時態(tài)，主句動作先于從句動作，所以用過去完成時。故填hadcollected?！?2題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：到菲爾普斯31歲退役時，他已經(jīng)在奧運會上獲得了23枚金牌.，3枚銀牌和2枚銅牌，這一紀錄在未來很多年都不太可能被打破。此處arecord是先行詞，指物，后面的定語從句沒有主語，定語從句由關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that<.【13題詳解】考查?般過去時的被動語態(tài)和主謂?致。句意：菲爾普斯小時候患有多動癥，7歲時就被鼓勵去游泳以控制自己的精力。Phelps是句子主語，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，和謂語動詞encourage之間是被動關(guān)系，是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasencouraged?！?4題詳解】考杳賓語從句。句意：我試著去看我真正能做什么，我的潛力可以在哪里。動詞see后面是賓語從句，從句既缺少引導(dǎo)詞，其謂語動詞do缺少賓語，所填詞要其雙重作用，連接代詞what符合句意。故填what?！敬鸢浮?5.findingSo.'Therefbre/Thuseasily【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，分析了在雨天很難打到出租車的原因?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:但是在雨天,人們很難打到出租車。haveahardtime（in）doing表示“做……有困難”，故填finding。16題詳解】考查副詞/連詞。句意：因此，在雨天，乘坐出租車的人更多。根據(jù)句意可知“人們喜歡在雨天打車”與“在雨天，乘坐出租車的人更多”是因果關(guān)系，此處表示結(jié)果，故填So/Therefore/Thus?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意:此外，拉客的出租車也較少，因為很多出租車司機賺夠了錢提前I可家了。修飾動詞reach用副詞，故填easily?！敬鸢浮?8.developedinfluentialto【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了儒家思想是由孔子在春秋時期發(fā)展起來的一套哲學(xué)和倫理體系以及它國內(nèi)外文化產(chǎn)生的影響。【18題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：儒家思想是由孔子在春秋時期發(fā)展起來的一套哲學(xué)和倫理體系。分析句子可知，該空為非謂語動詞形式，又由develop和Confucianism為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，表被動。故填developed。19題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：儒家思想是一種哲學(xué)和倫理體系，它已成為中國文化的重要組成部分。此處修飾名詞part,應(yīng)用形容詞。故填influentialo【20題詳解】考查介詞。句意：世界各地的人們都可以在國外的孔子學(xué)院和中國文化中心接觸到儒家思想。固定短語haveaccessto”接近,獲得”。故填to。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。旨在通過介紹一些醫(yī)藥公司以便招募一些作醫(yī)藥研究的人?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題?？疾榇祟愵}型中的目的意圖。首段首句Someofourresearchprojectsrelyonthegenerosityofpeoplelikeyou.和尾句Watchthisspaceforwaysinwhichyoucouldgetinvolved.我們的一些研究項目需要你這樣大方的人來參與；看看適合你的空缺位置。下文最后一段也有說明recruiting,招募新人。說明此篇文章的目的意圖是為研究項目招募志愿者。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。審題得知關(guān)鍵詞是OVG的目的是?？啥ㄎ挥诖耍篛VGworkstowardsthegoalofdevelopingnewandimprovedvaccinesforthepreventionofinfectioninadultsandchildren,OVG目標指向培育新的改進了的疫苗以便阻止成人和小孩被感染?？芍狾VGZIDDDDDDDDDD。故選B。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。審題定位于此:TheOxfordInternetInstitute,togetherwiththeBusinessSchool,isrecruitingindividualstoparticipateincomputer-basedexperimentsinvolvingonlinesurfingbehavioraswellaseconomicandpoliticaldecision-making.這里關(guān)鍵詞信息是recruiting和participateincomputer-basedexperimentsQ□□□□□□□□□□□LQDODDDDDaDDQQDaDDaD。所以□故選C?！敬鸢浮?4.C25.B26.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己參加學(xué)生會主席競選演講的經(jīng)歷?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“IwishedIhadnevereventhoughtofthisstupidideaofrunningfbrstudentbodypresident.Thatwasamonthago,beforeIfoundoutthatIwouldhavetospeakinfrontoftheentireschool.“可知，作者之前沒想到參加競選還需要在全校面前發(fā)表演講，所以她感到自己當(dāng)初參加競選很傻。所以故為什么作者認為參加選舉是愚蠢的是因為她沒有想到會有這么多觀眾。C項正確?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的uItwouldonlybeafewhoursbeforetheembarrassingresultswouldcomeout,andthatwasn'teventheworstofmyworries.Whatwouldeveryonesay?WhatwouldmyparentsthinkwhenItoldthemthatIlosttheelection?Theyweresoproudofme;Iwouldneverbeabletotellthem.Everyonewascountingonme,myteachers,myfhends,eveniheprincipal.”可知，只要幾個小時，尷尬的結(jié)果就會出來，這還不是我最擔(dān)心的。大家會怎么說？如果我告訴我父母我競選失敗了，他們會怎么想？他們?yōu)槲腋械津湴?，我永遠無法告訴他們。每個人都指望著我，我的老師，我的朋友，甚至是校長。所以作者最擔(dān)心的是如果自己演講失敗會讓關(guān)心她的人失望，故B項正確?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AndasIdeliveredthatspeech,anewandstrangerealizationcametome.Ihadcapturedtheirattentionandfbramoment-theybelongedtome.”而知，當(dāng)作者走上講臺演講時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)觀眾認真聆聽，事情沒有她原以為的那么糟糕。由此我們能從作者的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到事情可能沒有你想的那么糟。故D項正確?！敬鸢浮?7.B28.C29.C30.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了，一項研究表明，植物在壓力下會發(fā)出超聲波叫聲，這可能會開辟一個精確農(nóng)業(yè)的新領(lǐng)域，讓農(nóng)民們傾聽缺水作物的聲音?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.w（平均來說，干旱壓力下的番茄植株每小時發(fā)出35個聲音，而煙草植株每小時發(fā)出11個聲音。），可知缺水番茄比煙草更敏感，干旱條件下，番茄植株發(fā)聲多。故選B項?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段"Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsituation”（干旱壓力卜植物發(fā)出的聲音可以用于精準農(nóng)業(yè)的建議，如果在田間條件下設(shè)置錄音成本不太高的話，這一建議似乎是可行的。）和最后一段中的"Shewarnsthattheresultscan'tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推測的）fornow,shesays."（她警告說，研究結(jié)果還不能擴大到其他壓力，如鹽或溫度，因為這些可能不會導(dǎo)致聲音。此外，她還說，目前還沒有實驗證明飛蛾或其他動物是否能聽到并對植物發(fā)出的聲音做出反應(yīng)，所以這個想法目前仍然是推測性的。），可推斷出AnneVisscher對實驗的發(fā)現(xiàn)抱有謹慎的態(tài)度。故選C項。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenfbrwater-stagedcrops."（但現(xiàn)在，有人首次記錄到它們在壓力下會發(fā)出超聲波叫聲，研究人員說，這可能會開辟一個精確農(nóng)業(yè)的新領(lǐng)域，讓農(nóng)民們傾聽缺水作物的聲音。）和第五段中的“Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants*soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound'sintensityandfrequency."（研究人員訓(xùn)練了一個機器學(xué)習(xí)模型來區(qū)分植物的聲音和溫室里的風(fēng)、雨和其他噪音，根據(jù)聲音的強度和頻率，在大多數(shù)情況下正確地識別出壓力是由干燥還是割傷引起的。），可推斷出此研究可以幫助人們更快地診斷出植物狀況。故選C項?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段中的"Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenfbrwater-stagedcrops."（但現(xiàn)在，有人首次記錄到它們在壓力下會發(fā)出超聲波叫聲，研究人員說，這可能會開辟一個精確農(nóng)業(yè)的新領(lǐng)域，讓農(nóng)民們傾聽缺水作物的聲音。）和第二段“ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut."（以色列特拉維夫大學(xué)的伊扎克?哈伊特和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)，番茄和煙草植物在缺水或莖被割下時發(fā)出的叫聲頻率是人類聽不到的。），可知文章講的是植物會在壓力下發(fā)出人類聽不到的超聲波叫聲，所以B選項“植物在壓力下尖叫”，為短文最佳標題。故選B項?！敬鸢浮?1.B32.D33.A34.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了團隊合作并不總是湊效，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其只有在人們偶爾合作情況卜才能奏效?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Buimanagersalwayshavetobalancethemeritsofteamwork,whichhelpensurethateveryoneisworkingtowardsthesamegoal,withthedangersof“groupthink"，whensomedon'tpointoutthefaultsofaplantofitinwithothers.Whenpeoplearcawareoftheviewsofothers,thereisatendencyforthemtofollow,asparticipantsarereluctanttolookfoolish”可知，但是，管理者總是必須平衡團隊合作的優(yōu)點，這有助于確保每個人都朝著同一個目標努力，同時也有群體思維的危險，因為有些人為了與他人保持一致而沒有指出計劃中的不足之處，當(dāng)人們了解到他人的觀點時，他們就有一種追隨的傾向，此處解釋原因一一因為他們不愿意偏離多數(shù)人的觀點（與別人的觀點不同）而顯得愚蠢，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“不同于"，故B項正確?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的'Theintennittentcollaboratorsfoundtherightresultasoftenastheindividualists,andgotabetteraveragesolution可知，這三位美國學(xué)者在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)間歇性的合作者和個體主義者一樣經(jīng)常找到正確的結(jié)果，并得到更好的平均解決方案，也就說他們發(fā)現(xiàn)偶爾的合作可以提升績效，故D項正確?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Fashionhouseswithco-creativedirectorsareratedaslesscreativebyindustryexpertsthanbrandsthatwereindividuallyled.”可知,行業(yè)專家認為,與單人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的品牌相比,擁有聯(lián)合創(chuàng)意總監(jiān)的時裝公司的創(chuàng)意更少，由此可知，單人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（單一權(quán)威）的時裝公司更具創(chuàng)意，故A項正確。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講的是團隊合作并不總是湊效，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其只有在人們偶爾合作情況下才能奏效，故B項（團隊合作何時湊效？）適合作文章標題。故B項正確。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）【答案】35.F36.A37.B38.D39.E【解析】【分析】本文是一片議論文，主要通過作者自己的經(jīng)歷來說明公共圖書館不可取代?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文，Nothingcouldbefartherfromthetruth.這個（觀點）離譜得很。作者不同意上面的觀點，繼而表明自己的觀點：事實上，就是因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)，公共圖書館才比以往更被需要。故選F項?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文Wehearsomuchaboutfalsenews”.我們聽到那么多“錯誤的新聞”，再根據(jù)下文Librariansaretheretohelp.圖書管理員可以幫助我們?？芍?，我們在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上會獲得很多信息，但是我們不知道這些信息是否準確，但是我們可以到公共圖書館去，那里的信息來源很可信。故選A項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文Ithelpsconnectpeoplewiththeresourcestheyneedtofindajob,continuetheireducation,andlearnnewskiHs.它幫助人們連接找工作，繼續(xù)教育以及學(xué)習(xí)新技能所需要的資源。可.知，這一段是表明公共圖書館時人們生活的積極影響，即幫助改善人們的生活，而且放在首句，起中心句的作用。故選B項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段第一句話（中心句）可知，本段的大意是公共圖書館不僅僅只是書本和信息。結(jié)合上文Yes,therearepubliccomputers,Internetaccess,movies,music,programsandathousandotherthings.確實，那兒有公用電腦，網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，電影，音樂，節(jié)目以及其他好多東西，結(jié)合下文Theyarcplaceswherepeoplefeelsafeandwelcomed.他們也是讓人們感到安全，感到受歡迎的地方。上文講的是有形的方面，下文將無形的方面，中間缺少一個過渡，表明公共圖書館不僅僅是有形的，他們的意義和關(guān)聯(lián)性不僅僅如此。故選D項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文Someofthebestmemoriesofmychildhoodinvolvegoingtothelocallibraryandinspeakingwithmanyothersintheneighborhood,theytoohavethosesamememories.Theyarepresentlymakingthosesamememorieswiththeirchildrenandtheirgrandchildren.我童年時期的一些最好的回憶涉及的是去公共圖書館，并且跟附近的許多人閑談，那些人也有（跟我?樣的）回憶。他們現(xiàn)在也在跟他們的后代創(chuàng)造類似的回憶?？芍?，公共圖書館連接了人與人之間的關(guān)系。故選E項。第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）［答案］40.Thesharingindustryisaneconomicnetworkthatallowspeopletoshareresources,eitherfreeorfbrafee.Becauseitoffersenvironmentally-friendlymeansoftransportationtopeopleincities.Sharedservicesarcgettingincreasinglypopularfbrtheirconvenience,buttherearcstillcallsfbrexpansiontowiderareasbecausetheyarecurrentlyrestrictedtomachines.Accordingtothepassage,presentlysharedservicesincludenotonlymachinesbutalsosmaller,lessheavyitems,suchastiesandumbrellas.（1）Sharingbooksisagoodtypeofsharedservices.Peoplecanshareandreadthebookstheylikewithoutpayorwithonlyalittlemoney,sothattheywillimprovetheirknowledgeandenrichtheirlife.ThusIthinkitiswellworthspreading.（2）Sharingplatformsisagoodtypeofsharedservices.Forexample,resourcescanbesharedthere.Anotherexampleisthatinacommunity,oldpeoplecanleamhowtousecomputersandsmartphoneswiththehelpofit.ThusIthinkitiswellworthspreading.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了共享服務(wù)的理念及發(fā)展，指出共享服務(wù)需要更多的想象力，人們正在呼吁將共享服務(wù)擴展到越來越多的地區(qū)?！?0題詳解】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thesharingindustryisanemerging,highlyflexibleeconomicnetworkthatallowspeopletoshareresources,eitherfreeorforafee.（共享產(chǎn)業(yè)是一個新興的、高度靈活的經(jīng)濟網(wǎng)絡(luò)，允許人們免費或收費共享資源）”可知，共享產(chǎn)業(yè)是一個經(jīng)濟網(wǎng)絡(luò)，允許人們免費或收費共享資源。故答案為Thesharingindustryisaneconomicnetworkthatallowspeopletoshareresources,eitherfreeorfbrafee.[41題詳解】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thiskindoftransportationissoenvironmentally-friendlythatitisincreasinglypopularamongpeopleinmanycities.（這種交通工具非常環(huán)保，在很多城市越來越受歡迎）”可知，因為共享交通為城市里的人們提供了環(huán)保的交通工具，所以受到了人們的關(guān)注。故答案為Becauseitoffersenvironmentally-friendlymeansoftransportationtopeopleincities.【42題詳解】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第四段中的"Therealpay-offinsharedservicesprobablyliesinrentingoutsmaller,lessheavyitems.（共享服務(wù)的真正|可報可能在于出租較小、較輕的物品）”和“Sosomecompanies,wouldletyoupickupatiewhenyouneededitandonlywhenyouneededit.（因此，一些公司會讓你在需要的時候挑選領(lǐng)帶，而且只在你需要的時候）”以及4<Anotherexampleisanumbrella-sharingservice.（另一個例子是雨傘共享服務(wù)）”可知，共享服務(wù)并不僅僅是局限于機器，因為現(xiàn)在的共享服務(wù)不僅包括機器，還包括較小、較輕的物品，如領(lǐng)帶和雨傘。所以題干中的“theyarccurrentlyrestrictedtomachines（它們目前僅限于機器）”錯誤，應(yīng)在此處畫下劃線，原因是現(xiàn)在的共享服務(wù)不僅包括機器，還包括較小、較輕的物品，如領(lǐng)帶和雨傘。故答案為Accordingtothepassage,presentlysharedservicesincludenotonlymachinesbutalsosmaller,lessheavyitems,suchasticsandumbrellas.【43題詳解】主觀題。答案不唯一，有理有據(jù)即可。答題時應(yīng)先舉出一個文中并未提及的共享服務(wù)的例子，再解釋原因。參考答案為（1）Sharingbooksisagoodtypeofsharedsendees.Peoplecanshareandreadthebookstheylikewithoutpayorwithonlyalittlemoney,sothattheywillimprovetheirknowledgeandenrichtheirlife.ThusIthinkitiswellworthspreading.（2）Sharingplatformsisagoodtypeofsharedservices.Forexample,resourcescanbesharedthere.Anotherexampleisthatinacommunity,oldpeoplecanlearnhowtousecomputersandsmartphoneswiththehelpofit.ThusIthinkitiswellworthspreading.第二節(jié)應(yīng)用文（20分）44.【答案】DearJim,Knowingyouareconductingasurveyofthehouseworkthathighschoolstudentsdoathome,I,mwritingtotellyouaboutwhatIdo.Althoughmyschoolscheduleisrathertight,1stillmanagetohelpwiththehouseworkfromtimetotime.1willcleanupafterdinner.Ialsohelpwithotherthingslikesweepinganddusting.Everyonceinawhile,Iwillcooksomethingfbrmyfamily.Sofar,myspaghettihasbeenthemostdeliciousdish.Ithinkhighschoolstudentsshoulddosomehousework.Foronething,bydoinghouseworkwelearntotakeresponsibilityathome,andinthelongertenn,insociety.Foranother,Ifindthetimespentdoinghouseworkwithmyparentsreallyfunandrewarding;wechatwitheachotherandsometimesevensingtogether.Doinghouseworkcanbeagreatbreakfrommybusyschoolwork.Goodluckwithyoursurvey.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生寫一封郵件，回復(fù)Jim關(guān)于你做家務(wù)的情況?！驹斀狻康谝徊剑簩忣}體裁：應(yīng)用文；人稱：第一、二人稱為主；時態(tài)：根據(jù)提示，時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時；要點：1）你平時做哪些家務(wù)；2）你對中學(xué)生做家務(wù)的看法。第二步：列提綱（重點詞組）athome；managetodo：fromtimetotime；cleanup；asurveyof；sofar；dosomehousework；inthelongerterm；takeresponsibility；chatwith：schoolwork等第三步：連詞成句Knowingyouareconductingasuneyofthehouseworkthathighschoolstudentsdoathome,I'mwritingtotellyouaboutwhatIdo.Althoughmyschoolscheduleisrathertight,Istillmanagetohelpwiththehouseworkfromtimetotime.3.1alsohelpwithotherthingslikesweepinganddusting.4.Everyonceinawhile,Iwillcooksomethingformyfamily.5.1thinkhighschoolstudentsshoulddosomehousework.6.Bydoinghouseworkwclearntotakeresponsibilityathome,andinthelongerterm,insociety.7.1findthetimespentdoinghouseworkwithmyparentsreallyfunandrewarding.Doinghouseworkcanbeagreatbreakfrommybusyschoolwork.根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。第四步：連句成篇（銜接詞）.表轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系:Although；Foronething...Foranother...；.表并列補充關(guān)系:still：also；and；even：.表示時間關(guān)系：Everyonce等連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫??定要規(guī)范清晰。第五步：潤色修改【點睛】范文內(nèi)容完整，要點全面，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關(guān)系。作者在范文中使用了較多高分句型，如：Knowingyouareconductingasurveyofthehouseworkthathighschoolstudentsdoathome,TmwritingtotellyouaboutwhatIdo.使用了現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語;Althoughmyschoolscheduleisrathertight,Istillmanagetohelpwiththehouseworkfromtimetotime.使用了由although弓|導(dǎo)的讓步》犬語從句；Foronething,bydoinghouseworkwclearntotakeresponsibilityathome,andinthelongerterm,insociety.Foranother,Ifindthetimespentdoinghouseworkwithmyparentsreallyfunandrewarding;wechatwitheachotherandsometimesevensingtogether.使用了Foronething...Foranother…弓|導(dǎo)并歹ll句；Doinghouseworkcanbeagreatbreakfrommybusyschoolwork.使用了動名詞作主語等。還使用了一些固定短語，如：managetodo；fromtimetotime：cleanup；sofar；dosomehousework；inthelongertenn：takeresponsibility；chatwith等。另外，文章思路清晰、層次分明，上下句轉(zhuǎn)換自然，為文章增色添彩。A.motivationA.likedB.encouragementB.trustedC.recognitionC.acceptedD.commitmentD.known第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共A.motivationA.likedB.encouragementB.trustedC.recognitionC.acceptedD.commitmentD.knownA閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。BythetimeMichaelPhelpsretiredat31,he11(collect)atotalof23golds,threesilversandtwobronzesattheOlympics,arecord12looksunlikelytobebrokenfbrmanyyearstocome.Phelpssufferedhyperactivitydisorderasachildand13(encourage)totakeupswimmingatseventocontrolhisenergy.Overtheyearshedevelopedintoachampionswimmer,beatingrecordafterrecord.4tIwastryingtosee14Icouldreallydoandwheremypotentialcouldgo”,saidPhelps.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inmostbigcities,itiseasiertohireataxiatamoment'snoticewhentheweatherisgood.Butwhenit'sraining,peoplehaveamuchhardertime15(find)one.Oneobviousreasonisthatmanypeoplewhowalkshortdistancesduringgoodweatherprefertotakeataxiintherain.16,taxistendtobemorefullyoccupiedonrainydays.Besides,thesupplyofavailabletaxisisalsosmallerbecausetaxidriverscan17(easy)reachthetargetfaresandgohomeearly.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。18(develop)byConfuciusduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,Confucianismisaphilosophicalandethicalsystem,whichhasbecomean19(influence)partofChineseculture.Today,mottosfromConfucianismarefrequentlyusedbyforeignofficialsintheirspeechesortalks.Peoplearoundtheglobecanhaveaccess20ConfucianisminConfuciusInstitutesandChineseCultureCentersabroad.Uptonow,Chinahasopenedabout500ConfiiciusInstitutesin140countriesandregions,introducingChinabyopeningtrainingclasses,buildinglibraries,andholdingculturalactivities.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGetinvolvedwithourresearchSomeofourresearchprojectsrelyonthegenerosityofpeoplelikeyou.Whetherit'susingyourhomePC,takingpartinaclinicaltrial,orsimplyvolunteeringyourtimefbrastudy,youmaybeabletocontributetosomeoftheground-breakingprojectswhichmaketheUniversityofOxfordaworldleaderinresearch.Watchthisspacefbrwaysinwhichyoucouldgetinvolved.SeekingpoorsleepersforinsomniaresearchTroublesleeping?ResearchersfromtheSleep&CircadianNcuroscicnccInstituteattheUniversityofOxfordareevaluatingdifferentinterventionsaimedatimprovingsleep.Wearelookingforpoorsleepersbetweentheagesof18and65.ParticipationwillinvolvespendingovernightsinthesleeplaboratoryatOxford,monitoringyoursleep/wakecycle,andcompletingcomputerisedtasks.Dependingonthestudyyouvolunteerfbr,youwilleitherundergoanonlinesclf^hclptreatmentprogrammeorlab-basednon-invasivcbrainstimulationsessionspriortobedtime.Youwillbereimbursedfbryourtime.Ifyouareinterestedintakingpartorwouldlikemoreinformationpleasecontacttheresearchteamdirectlyatinsomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.ukVolunteerswithlazyeyewantedWearelookingfbrvolunteerswithahistoryoflazyeyetotakepartinourbrainscanningstudyonhowbinocular（雙眼的）visionrelatestobrainchemistry.Wearelookingfbrhealthy,fluentEnglishvolunteersaged18-45withahistoryoflazyeye.YouwillalsobeaskedquestionsaboutyourmedicalhistorytocheckyoursuitabilityfbranMRIscan.Call01865223622formoreinformation.OxfordVaccineGroupTheOxfordVaccineGroupisanindependentmulti-disciplinaryclinicaltrialsandepidemiologygroup.OVGworkstowardsthegoalofdevelopingnewandimprovedvaccinesfbrthepreventionofinfectioninadultsandchildren,enhancingtheunderstandingofimmunityandstudyingtheepidemiologyofinfectiousdiseases.Tofindoutwhichresearchprojectsarecurrentlyrecruitingvolunteers,pleaseseetheOVGwebsiteoremailinfb@ovg.ox.ac.uk.OxfordExperimentallabfortheSocialSciencesTheOxfordInternetInstitute,togetherwiththeBusinessSchool,isrecruitingindividualstoparticipateincomputer-basedexperimentsinvolvingonlinesurfingbehavioraswellaseconomicandpoliticaldecision-making.Wcpayoursubjectswell,therearcnospecialskillsrequiredandyoudon'thavetobeastudenttotakepart!Contactusatsocialscience.study@ox.ac.ukformoreinfbnnation.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?TooffermedicalhelptopatientsTolookfbrexperiencedresearchersTointroducenewresearchprogramsTorecruitvolunteersfbrresearchprojectsThegoalofOVGisto.carryoutclinicaltrialsproducevaccinesagainstviniseslearnmoreabouttheimmunesystemstudytheoccurrenceofinfectiousdiseases

YoucanfinishtheexperimentonyourhomePCifyoujoinOxfordVaccineGroupInsomniaresearchgroupOxfordExperimentallabBrainScanningstudygroupBDramatizedThoughtsonPublicSpeakingAsthecrowdgathered,Icouldfeelmyheartbeating.Iwonderediftheycouldhearit.Againstmywill,IcouldfeelmyfaceturninghotandknewthatIwasblushing.Eveniftheycannothearmyheartthumpingwitheverybeat,Ithought,theycansurelyseeitinmyeyes.Myeyesarealwaysadeadgive-away.Theywellupwithfearandoftenevenhotwithtears,everytimeIgetncnous.Thatandmystupidoldfaceturningabrightshadeofred...IknewthatbynowIprobablylookedlikeasunburnedtomato.Theywouldnevertakemeseriously.IbegantowishthatIwasmorelikemysister.SheisalwayssoconfidentandproudofherselfItseemedlikeshehardlyevergetsnervouswhenitreallycounts.Eitherthatorshehiditbetterthan1.1wishedIhadnevereventhoughtofthisstupidideaofrunningfbrstudentbodypresident.Thatwasamonthago,beforeIfoundoutthatIwouldhavetospeakinfrontofiheentireschool.Itwastoolatetobackoutnowprettysoonthespeecheswouldbegin.Itwouldonlybeafewhoursbeforetheembarrassingresultswouldcomeout,andthatwasn'teventheworstofmyworries.Whatwouldeveryonesay?WhatwouldmyparentsthinkwhenItoldthemthatIlosttheelection?Theyweresoproudofme;Iwouldneverbeabletotellthem.Everyonewascountingonme,niyteachers,myfriends,eventheprincipal.IwassurethatIwouldfailmiserablynowthatIhadgottenmyselfintosuchanegativestateofmind.Irereadmyspeech.AllthegreathopesandideasIhad,allwrittenonthatawfulpieceofpaper.IrealizedwhyIhadwrittenthosewordsandanairofanticipation（預(yù)感）ranthroughmybody.Justintime,too.Iheardmynameonlysecondslater.Thosefewfeettothepodium（講臺）fbltlikeamile.Mykneeswereshaking,butsomehowImanagedtokeepmyground.AlthoughIknewthatIprobablywouldn'tneedit,Iplacedmywell-rehearsedspeechonthepodium.Then,likeagymnastabouttoplungeintoatumblingpass,Ilookedupattheaudience.AndasIdeliveredthatspeech,anewandstrangerealizationcametome.Ihadcapturedtheirattentionandfbramoment-theybelongedtome.Whydidtheauthorthinkitstupidtoattendtheelection?A.Peoplewouldn'ttakeherseriously.C.Shedidn'texpectsuchalargeaudience.25.Whatwastheauthor'sworstworry?Hereffortswouldbeinvain.Hersisterwasmuchbetterthanher.A.Peoplewouldn'ttakeherseriously.C.Shedidn'texpectsuchalargeaudience.25.Whatwastheauthor'sworstworry?Hereffortswouldbeinvain.Hersisterwasmuchbetterthanher.D.Therewasn'tenoughtimefbrhertoprepare.C.Theresultswouldcomeoutsoon.B.Shewoulddisappointothers.D.Shewouldsufferfromstagefright.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sexperience?GreateffortspayofT.Alwayslookonthebrightside.Neverloseheartwhenyoufail.Tilingsmaynotbeasbadasyouthink.cAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarccapableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarcstillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirste