人教版八年級上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)清理

八年級上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)清理Unit

1

Where

did

you

go

on

vacation？1，一般過去時(shí)

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他；

否定形式：①was

/

were

+

not;

②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原動(dòng)詞；

一般疑問句：①Was/Were+主語+其他？②Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？

2，動(dòng)詞過去式規(guī)則變化：直接加ed；以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d；以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed；以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed；以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed

不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過去式（見書本最后一頁）

3，go

on

vacation去度假

be

on

vacation在度假

4，anyone任何人，只用于指人，一般用在否定句、疑問句中，后面不接of

短語。做主語時(shí)位于動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eg(examplegiven)：Is

there

anyone

at

home？

any

one任何一個(gè)，指人或物，后面接of

短語。Eg：You

can

take

any

one

of

these

books.

5，adj修飾不定代詞后置

anything

special

something

important

enough作adv，修飾adj/

adv

后置

old

enough

fast

enough

else作adj，修飾疑問代詞和不定代詞后置

what

else

who

else

something

else

6，quite

a

few/

little

相當(dāng)多

7，How/

what

about+V-ing/

n/

代詞

...怎么樣？（表建議、詢問）

8，most

students=

most

of

the

students

“one

of

+the

most

+adj

+n復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最…之一”Eg：He

is

one

of

the

most

famous

writers

in

China.

A

most

+adj

+n

非常

Eg：Hangzhou

is

a

most

beautiful

city.

9，buy/

get

sb

sth=

buy/

get

sth

for

sb

10，what

do

you

think

of/

about...？=

how

do

you

like...？你認(rèn)為…怎么樣？

11，have

fun，enjoy

oneself，have

a

good/

great/

wonderful

time+V-ing,

12，主語+

seem+（to

be）+表語（n/adj）

eg：Tom

seems

to

be

a

smart

boy/

happy.

It

seems

that從句

eg：It

seems

that

he

understands.

主語+

seem

to

do

sth

eg：He

seems

to

understand.

13，adj

以-ing結(jié)尾“令人...的”exciting，interesting，relaxing，boring

以-ed結(jié)尾“人感到...的”excited，interested，relaxed，bored

14，詢問價(jià)格：How

much

is...

?

What’s

the

price

of...

?

表示價(jià)格高低：...be

expensive/

cheap

The

price

of

...

is

high/

low

15，get

to,

arrive

in/at,

reach,到達(dá)（如果后面接地點(diǎn)的副詞home，here或there

,就不用介詞in

,at,

to）

16，decide（not）to

do

decide

that從句

decide+疑問詞+不定式

17，try（not）to

do

sth盡力

try

doing

sth

嘗試

try/

do

one’s

best

to

do

sth

try

it

on試穿（動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)）

try

out試驗(yàn)

have

a

try試一試

18，feel

like感覺像

feel

like

doing

sth/

want

to

do

sth/

would

like

to

do

sth

19，a

lot

of=

lots

of

=plenty

of

20，in

the

past在過去

21，enjoy/

like

doing

22，感嘆句：How+adj+主謂！

How+adj+a/an

+n單+主謂！

What+

a/an

+adj+

n單+主謂！

What+

adj+

n復(fù)/

不可數(shù)+主謂！

23，more

than=over超過

less

than

少于

more

or

less或多或少

24，wait

for等待

25，too

many“太多”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

too

much“太多”修飾不可數(shù)名詞

much

too“實(shí)在太”修飾形容詞或副詞

26，because+從句

because

of

+n/

V-ing

/代詞

27，enough作adj修飾n，

enough

time

enough

money

have

enough...to

do

sth

eg：I

have

enough

time

to

finish

the

work.

enough作adv修飾adj/

adv

old

enough

fast

enough

….enough

for

sb

to

do

sth

eg：The

job

is

easy

enough

for

me

to

do.

Not….enough

to

do

The

book

isn’t

easy

enough

for

me

to

read.

Too…to.

The

book

is

too

difficult

for

me

to

read.

So….that…

The

book

is

so

difficult

that

I

can’t

read.

28，the

next

day第二天

29，remember/

forget+to

do要做

remember/

forget+doing做過

30，Stop

sb

from

doing

sth阻止

Stop

to

do

停下來去做其他事

Stop

doing

停止正在做的事

31，another

two

hours=two

more

hours

32，at

the

top

of在….頂端，名列….之前

強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)

on

the

top

of在….上面

強(qiáng)調(diào)面

33，find

out查明，弄清

find找到（結(jié)果）

look

for尋找（過程）

34，go

on

with/

doing

sth繼續(xù)原來的事

go

on

to

do

sth繼續(xù)做別的事

35，so

+adj

+that

+結(jié)果狀語從句...如此…以致…....

eg：I

was

so

busy

that

I

didn’t

go

to

sleep

for

3

days.

so

that

引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，以便，為了（in

order

to）

eg：they

got

up

early

so

that

they

could

catch

the

early

bus.so

+adj

+（a/

an+n單數(shù)）that

It

is

so

important

a

meeting

that

I

can’t

miss

it.

such+

a/

an+

adj

+

n單數(shù)+that

It

is

such

an

important

meeting

that

I

can’t

miss

it.

such+

adj+n復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)+that

Unit

2

How

often

do

you

exercise？1，How

如何（方式）

how

long

多長（時(shí)間）答語常用...（For/

about

+）時(shí)間段...

how

far多遠(yuǎn)（距離）答語常用“（It’s

+）數(shù)詞

+miles/

meters/

kilometers”how

often多久一次（頻率）答語常用“Always/

often/

every

day/“”..或

“次數(shù)+時(shí)間”等表頻率的狀語

How

soon多快，多久以后，常用在將來時(shí)中。答語常用“in

+時(shí)間段”

how

many多少（接可數(shù)名詞）

how

much（接不可數(shù)名詞）

2，exercise作v

鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)

作[c]

操，練習(xí)

do

morning/

eye

exercises

作[uc]

鍛煉

take

much/

more

exercise

3，at+鐘點(diǎn)

at

7

o’clock

at

noon/

at

night（during/

in

the

day）

at

this/

that

time

at

the

age

of

on+

具體某天、星期、特指的一天、紀(jì)念日、節(jié)日

on

April

1st

on

Sunday

on

a

cold

winter

morning

on

Teachers’

Day

in

+上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季節(jié)、年代、世紀(jì)

in

the

morning/

afternoon/

evening

in

1999

in

August

in

autumn

in

1960s

in

the

21st

century

4，help

sb

（to）do

sth

help

sb

with

sth

with

sb’s

help=

with

the

help

of

sb

5，do（the）housework=

do

chores

6，頻度副詞（行前be

后）

Always

usually

often

sometimes

seldom

hardly

never

7，sometimes

有時(shí)（頻度副詞）

sometime（將來）有朝一日，（曾經(jīng)）某天

Some

times

幾次，幾倍

some

time

一段時(shí)間（前面用介詞for）

8，go

shopping=

do

some

shopping

9，once

twice

three

times

10，at

once，right

now，right

away，

in

a

minute，in

a

moment，in

no

time

立刻，馬上

once

more再一次，重新

once

upon

a

time

從前，曾經(jīng)

11，every

day

每天

everyday日常的，每天的

12，on

the

internet

13，what’s

your

favorite

program？=what

program

do

you

like

best？

14，free

空閑的

in

one’s

free

time

be

free

自由的

as

free

as

a

fish

freedom

n.自由

免費(fèi)的

The

best

things

in

life

are

free.

15，be

full

=be

busy忙的

be

busy

doing

sth/

be

busy

with

sth

be

full

of充滿

eg：The

bottle

is

full

of

milk.

16，How

come？怎么會(huì)？為什么？

17，may

be

為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形，在句子中做謂語，maybe是副詞，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首(perhaps)。

18，stay

up

doing

sth熬夜做某事

19，stay/

keep

healthy

be

in

good/

bad/

poor

health

be

good/

bad

for

one’s

health

20，at

least=no

less

than

at

most=no

more

than

21，ask

sb

about

sth

ask

sb（not）to

do

sth

ask

sb

for

help/

advice/

information

22，the

result

of...的結(jié)果

as

a

result

結(jié)果

23，be

surprised

that/

be

surprised

at/

be

surprised

to

do

對…很驚訝

To

one’s

surprise另某人驚訝的是

in

surprise驚訝地

24，the

answer

to

the

question，a

key

to

the

door，a

ticket

to

the

ball

game

25，although=though（與but不能連用）Even

though/

if即使，盡管

as

though/

if仿佛，好像

26，by介詞+n/

v-ing/

代詞

通過…方式

by

oneself獨(dú)自地

by

the

way順便問/說一下

by

chance/

accident偶然地

by

mistake錯(cuò)誤地

learn

by

heart記住

27，the

best

way/

time

to

do

做某事最好的方式/時(shí)間

28，4個(gè)花費(fèi)：人+spend/

spends/

spent+時(shí)間/錢+（in）doing

sth/

on

sth

spend

time

with

sb

人+pay/

pays/

paid

+錢+for

sth

It

takes/

took

sb

+時(shí)間+to

do

sth

物+cost/

costs/

cost

+sb

+錢

29，die

v.死亡，消失

died過去式

dead

adj死亡的，無生命的

dead

dog

have/

has

been

dead

for…=died...ago

dying

adj垂死的，快死的

death

n

死亡

the

death

of….

30，before

it’s

too

late趁來得及

31，“數(shù)字+percent

of+

n”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于n

Eg：Twenty

percent

of

the

students

exercise

every

day.

Twenty

percent

of

time

passes.

32，no

one

=nobody指人，回答who，anyone，anybody的提問

None指人或物，可接of

短語，（→all

≥3）回答how

many/

much，any，及有特定范圍（which）的提問

nothing指物，回答what，anything的提問

Unit

3

I’m

more

outgoing

than

my

sister.比較級，最高級變化規(guī)則

一般在詞尾+

er或est；以e

結(jié)尾的加r或st；重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母+

er或est；輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，改y為i+

er或est；多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，加more或most。

不規(guī)則變化見書本P114

2，比較級用法

基本句型：主語+be+比較級+than+比較對象

兩者相比較用比較級

eg：Who

do

you

think

is

more

outgoing，Lily

or

Lucy？

Very，more，quite，so，too等修飾原級；much，a

little，a

lot，a

bit，far

，even等修飾比較級

eg：I’m

much/

a

little

/

a

lot

/

a

bit

/far

more

outgoing

than

my

sister.

I’m

even

worse

now.

不能與人或事物自身相比較

eg：He

is

taller

than

any

other

student

in

his

class.

China

is

larger

than

any

country

in

Africa.

比較對象要一致（that代替不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所有格，ones）eg：The

weather

in

Harbin

is

much

colder

than

that

in

Wuhan.

The

students

of

Class

One

study

harder

than

those

of

Class

Two.

My

bike

is

newer

than

Tom’s.

比較級中出現(xiàn)of

the

two/

twins結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，adj比較級前要+the，不可用than

Eg：Tom

is

the

taller

of

the

two

brothers.

“get/

become+

比較級+and

+比較級”表示“變得越來越…..”（多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)用“more

and

more+原級）

Eg:

It

gets

warmer

and

warmer

when

spring

comes.

You’re

getting

more

and

more

beautiful.

“the+比較級……the+比較級……”表示“越……就越……”

Eg:

The

more

you

exercise,

the

stronger

you

will

be.

“As…..as”中間接原級，表示“與…..一樣”，否定為“not

as/

so….as”表示“不如”He

is

as

tall

as

his

father.

He

is

not

as/

so

tall

as

his

father.

“比較級+than”.(more/

less

+原級+than)與“not

as/

so...as...可以互換

Eg:

I’m

taller

than

you.

Chinese

is

more

important

than

Biology.

You’re

shorter

than

me.

Biology

is

less

important

than

Chinese

You’re

not

as/

so

tall

as

me.

Biology

is

not

as/

so

important

as

Chinese

比......大/多/長/寬幾倍，用...主語+be+......times+比較級+than+比較對象...

Eg:

Our

classroom

is

twice

larger

than

yours.

重幾斤，高幾公分，大幾歲......，用...主語+be+數(shù)量詞+比較級+than+比較對象...

Eg:

I’m

six

years

older

than

you.

3，loudly大聲地，響亮地（多含噪音之意）

aloud大聲地，出聲地（強(qiáng)調(diào)出聲）read

aloud

call

aloud

for

help

loud大聲地，高聲地，常與speak，shout，laugh，talk連用

響亮的，大聲的

loud

voice

4，fast強(qiáng)調(diào)速度快

run/

drive

fast

quickly強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作、行動(dòng)快

soon

強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間間隔短

5，competition體育，書法，朗讀，音樂等比賽

match

體育競技比賽，球類比賽

race

速度方面的競賽，賽跑，賽龍舟等

6，win+比賽，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)

beat+人，團(tuán)隊(duì)

7，ago

以前，用于一般過去時(shí)，放在一段時(shí)間后

before

在......以前，通常用于完成時(shí)，放在時(shí)間點(diǎn)或事件之前

8，the

same

as→be

different

from

be

similar

to

=be

like

9，be

good

at+

V-ing=do

well

in

擅長于

be

good

for

對...有益

（be

bad

for對...有害）

be

good

to

對...友好

（good

可用friendly，nice，kind替換）

be

good

with和...相處好=get

on/

along

well

with

10，true/

truly

指故事、說法、答案等與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)事實(shí)、實(shí)際情況相符

real/

really

指人或事客觀存在，不是想象的

11，take

care

of=look

after照顧care

for

照料、關(guān)心某人，喜歡某人、某物

care

about

關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎

12，make

sb

do

sth

make

sb/

sth

+adj

make

me

happy

make

sb

+n.

We

made

him

monitor.

make

sb

+過去分詞

She

spoke

aloud

to

make

herself

heard.

make

it

約定時(shí)間，做成某事，及時(shí)抵達(dá)

Let’s

make

it

at

10:00.

Don’t

worry.

He’ll

make

it.

13，both

位置：行前be

后

both

of

them/

us=they/

we

both

both

作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

not

both為部分否定，全部否定要用either...not或者neither

both...and...=not

only...but（also）...

否定為：neither...nor14，be

popular

with

sb受某人歡迎

be

popular

in/

at在某地受歡迎

15，it

is

+adj+for

sb

+to

do

sth

（adj修飾to

do

sth）It

is

important

for

me

to

learn

English.

it

is

+adj+of

sb

+to

do

sth

（adj修飾sb）

It

is

kind/

friendly/

nice

of

you

to

help

me.

16，bring

out使顯現(xiàn)出

17，share

sth

with

sb和某人分享

18，other

...其他的，另外的...，后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)other+n復(fù)數(shù)=others

another

...又一（個(gè)），另一（個(gè)）...，泛指總數(shù)為三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的任意一個(gè)，后接名詞單數(shù)。

the

other...（兩者中的）另一個(gè)...，常與one連用，...one...the

other......表示...一個(gè)...，另一個(gè)......

19，heart

learn

sth

by

heart用心記

lose

heart灰心

20，break

the

law/

rules/

world

record違法/違規(guī)/打破世界紀(jì)錄

Break

off

打斷

break

away

from擺脫，脫離

break

into破門而入

break

in插嘴

Break

down出故障

break

out爆發(fā)

break

up散火

break

one’s

words食言

Have

a

break/

rest休息會(huì)兒

21，laugh發(fā)笑

laugh

at

嘲笑

Smile微笑

smile

at對...微笑

22，定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的一個(gè)成分。

定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語的關(guān)系代詞有：that,

who

(whom,

whose),

which;

關(guān)系副詞（在定語從句中只能作狀語，且不能省略）有：when,

where,

why等。關(guān)系詞的選擇主要取決于兩個(gè)因素：(1)先行詞是什么(2)先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分。關(guān)系代詞（that，who，which，whose，whom）引導(dǎo)的定語從句。that/

who在從句中作主語，先行詞為人。

Eg：The

girl

that/

who

is

reading

is

my

sister.

that/

which在從句中作主語或賓語，先行詞為物。

Eg：The

book

that/

which

is

on

the

desk

belongs

to

Tom.(主)

He

came

back

for

the

book

that/

which

he

had

forgotten.（賓）

③whose在從句中作定語，先行詞為人或物。

Eg：This

is

the

pencil

whose

point

is

broken.

That

is

the

girl

whose

mother

died

two

years

ago.④whom/

that在從句中作賓語，先行詞為人。

Eg：The

girl

whom/

that

I

spoke

to

is

my

cousin.

●關(guān)系副詞（when/

where/

why）引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

①When在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，其先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞（day/

year/

season等）。

例如：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。I

shall

never

forget

the

day______I

joined

the

League.

解放軍戰(zhàn)士在人們最需要的時(shí)刻來到。

The

PLA

men

come

at

the

time

________

the

people

need

them

most.

②Where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的詞（place/

town/

home/

house）

例如：你還記得我們初次見面的地方嗎？Do

you

still

remember

the

place

____we

first

met?

近來你去過你成長的小城嗎？

Have

you

been

to

the

town

_________

you

grew

up

recently?Why在從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞是reason。

例如：沒有人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

Nobody

knows

the

reason

____________

he

is

often

late

for

school

23，call

sb

at

+電話號碼

24，information【UC】通過學(xué)習(xí)、閱讀、觀察等得到的信息、情報(bào)、資料（側(cè)重內(nèi)容）

news【UC】

廣播、電視等報(bào)道的新聞、消息（強(qiáng)調(diào)新鮮、及時(shí)）a

piece

of

news

messagemessage【C】

口信、短信、信息（強(qiáng)調(diào)傳遞）take

a

message

for

sb

leave

a

message

to

sb

25，who

do

you

think

should

get

the

job？=in

your

opinion，ho

should

get

the

job？

Unit

4

What’s

the

best

movie

theater？1，

最高級的用法

●

用于三者或三者以上的比較

eg：Which

do

you

like

best，Chinese，Math

or

English？

●

...one

of+最高級+n.復(fù)數(shù)...表示...最...之一...

Eg：Lu

Xun

is

one

of

the

greatest

writers

last

century.

●

...the

+序數(shù)詞+最高級+n.單數(shù)+范圍...表示...在...范圍內(nèi)...是第幾......

Eg：Hainan

is

the

second

largest

island

in

China.

●

先行詞被最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句

Eg：My

cousin

is

the

funniest

person（that）

I

know.

This

is

the

first

letter（that）I

received

from

my

sister.

●

Of

all

+n.復(fù)數(shù)；of

the

+數(shù)（≥3）+

n.復(fù)數(shù)；in/

at+地點(diǎn)

2，

Comfort

v.使舒適，安慰

comfortable

adj.

舒適的(→uncomfortable)

comfortably

adv.

舒適地

Voice嗓音（說話聲、歌聲、笑聲、鳥鳴聲）

in

a

low

voice小聲地

Noise雜音

Sound任何可以聽到的聲音

4，

be

close

to靠近

5，

choose-chose

choose

from從...中選擇

choose

to

do

sth選擇做某事

6，

Can

I

ask

you

some/

a

few

questions?

7，

Welcome

to+地點(diǎn)

8，

So

far=

until

now=

up

to

now至今為止

9，

Around/

near

here=

in

the

neighborhood

10，thanks

for

+n/

V-ing

Thanks

for

your

help/

thanks

for

helping

me.

Thanks

for

your

invitation/

thanks

for

inviting/

asking

me.

—Thank

you/

Thanks

——No

problem/

You’re

welcome/

That’s

all

right/

Not

at

all/

It’s

a

pleasure/

My

pleasure/

That’s

OK.

11，talent

n.天資，才能

talented

adj.有天賦的

(→untalented)

Have

a

talent

for

(doing)

sth.

對（做）某事有天賦

12，around

the

world=

all

over

the

world

13，have...in

common

有相同特征

in

common

with

同...一樣14，Kind

of

相當(dāng)于副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，意為...稍微，有點(diǎn)...，與a

little/

bit

相近

A

kind

of

意為...一種...，some

kinds

of

意為...幾種...，different

kinds

of意為...不同種類的...，all

kinds

of

意為...各種各樣的...。這里的kind

是...種，類，屬...的意思。

15，and

so

on等等

16，be

up

to是...的職責(zé)，由...決定

be

up

to

sb

to

do

sth應(yīng)由某人做某事

17，play

a

role/

part

in

doing

sth在...中扮演角色，在...中發(fā)揮作用，有影響

18，部分否定：all，both，everyone，everybody，everything，everywhere，every，each，always等與not連用表示部分否定。

全部否定：all—none，both—neither，everyone—no

one/

nobody/

not

anyone，everything—nothing/

not

anything，every—no，always—never

19，make

up編造（故事、謊言）

20，take…seriously認(rèn)真對待

21，for

example例如

follow

the

example

of...以...為榜樣

give

an

example舉例

set

an

example

to給...樹立榜樣

such

as例如

22，come

true

23，finish+

n/

v-ing

24，crowd

v.擁擠

eg：They

crowd

into

the

room.

n.人群

eg：There

was

a

big

crowd

at

the

football

match.

A

crowd

of

students

are

waiting

for

the

bus

Crowded

adj.

擁擠的

.

Unit

5

Do

you

want

to

watch

a

game

show？1，

不定式做賓語：want/

hope/

expect/

plan

to

do

2，

Learn...from

從...學(xué)習(xí)

learn

sth

by

heart熟記

learn

sth

by

oneself自學(xué)

3，

Plan

to

do

sth/

plan

on

sth計(jì)劃、打算做某事

Plan

for

sth考慮到某事

make

a

plan

for...

為...制定計(jì)劃

4，

Hope

to

do/

hope

that

希望

（沒有hope

sb

to

do的表達(dá)）

I

hope

so/

I

hope

not5，

Happen

to

sb/

sth某人/物發(fā)生不幸的事

eg：What

happened

to

him？

Happen

to

do/

it

happens

that

碰巧

Happen偶然發(fā)生

take

place事先安排的、人為的發(fā)生

6，

Expect

(sb)

to

do/

expect

that

期待

7，

One

day某天（過去、將來）some

day某天（將來）

the

other

day=a

few

days

ago前幾天

8，

Mean

v.意味著（三單為means）

Means

n.方法、工具、手段

by

means

of

Meaning

n.

意義、含義

the

meaning

of

Meaningless

adj.

毫無意義的

9，

Mind

v.介意

would/

do

you

mind

(one’s)(not)

doing

sth?

I

don’t

mind

them.

make

up

one’s

mind下決心;

change

one’s

mind改變主意

;never

mind沒關(guān)系、不必?fù)?dān)心

keep

in

one’s

mind記住

10，think

of認(rèn)為、想起

think

about認(rèn)為、考慮

think

over仔細(xì)考慮

11，be

famous

for因?yàn)?..而著名

be

famous

as作為...而著名

12，appear

v.出現(xiàn)（→disappear消失）

appearance

n.

出現(xiàn)、露面、外表

13，come

out出版、發(fā)表，出來，開花

14，succeed

v.成功

succeed

in

(doing)

sth成功地做某事

Success

n.成功

Successful

adj.成功的

be

successful

in

(doing)

sth成功地做某事

Successfully

adv.成功地

15，reason結(jié)論性原因

cause起因

excuse借口

16，danger

n.危險(xiǎn)

be

in

great

danger處于極大危險(xiǎn)中

out

of

danger脫離危險(xiǎn)

endanger

v.

使遭遇危險(xiǎn)，危及

dangerous

adj.

危險(xiǎn)的

endangered

adj.有滅絕危險(xiǎn)的

17，luck

n.運(yùn)氣—lucky

adj.幸運(yùn)的（→unlucky不幸的）—luckily

adv.

幸運(yùn)地

18，be

ready

to

do

sth愿意做某事

get

ready

to

do

sth準(zhǔn)備去做某事

get

ready

for為...做準(zhǔn)備

19，a

pair

of+

n復(fù)數(shù)

做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

eg：A

pair

of

glasses

is

enough

for

me.

20，Take

one’s

place

to

do

sth代替某人做某事

21，do

a

good

job干得好

22，wear

表狀態(tài)，接服裝、手套、眼鏡、香水等

put

on

表動(dòng)作，接服裝（→take

off）

dress

表動(dòng)作，接sb/

oneself

get

dressed穿衣

dress

up盛裝打扮

try

on試穿（動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)）

try

it

on

(be)

in+顏色或衣服

eg：The

girl

in

a

red

coat

is

my

sister.

Unit

6

I

am

going

to

study

computer

sciencebe

going

to表將來（計(jì)劃、打算）

肯定：主語+

be

going

to+

V原

否定：主語+

be

not

going

to+

V原

疑問：be+主語+

going

to+

V原

There

be的將來時(shí)：there

is/

are

going

to

be

2，practice

（doing）sth3，grow

up長大

keep

doing

sth繼續(xù)不斷地做某事

Keep

on

doing

sth堅(jiān)持做某事

Keep

sb

doing

sth使某人持續(xù)做某事

Keep

sb

from

doing

sth=

stop

sb

(from)

doing

sth阻止某人做某事

5，be

sure

about/

of

+n/

v-ing/

代詞

對...確信，有把握

Make

sure

確保

Be

sure

to

do務(wù)必、一定

6，worry

about

be

worried

about擔(dān)心

7，medicine[UC]

take

medicine吃藥

pill[C]藥丸

Medical

adj.醫(yī)學(xué)的

medically

adv.

8，日期、月份、年份等前面有next、last、this等詞語時(shí)，要省略前面的介詞on、in

9，send

sth

to把...寄往

send

sth

to

sb=

send

sb

sth

Send

sb

to

do派人去做

send

for

派人去請

send

up發(fā)射

send

out分發(fā)

send

off寄出

10，be

able

to

do能夠做某事

able

adj.能夠(→disable)

ability

n.能力(→disability)

11，make

promises許諾

promise

to

do

sth

12，at

the

beginning

of在...的開始

13，improve

one’s

life改善某人的生活

improve

oneself提升自己

self-improvement

n.

14，write

down寫下

動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)

15，have

to

do

with關(guān)于，與...有關(guān)

have

nothing

to

do

with與...無關(guān)

16，take

up培養(yǎng)，學(xué)著做，占用（時(shí)間、空間）

17，no+

n單數(shù)=

not

a/

an

+

n單數(shù)There

is

no

book

on

the

desk=

There

is

not

a

book

on

the

desk.

no+

n復(fù)數(shù)=

not

any+

n復(fù)數(shù)

I

have

no

resolutions=

I

don’t

have

any

resolutions.

no+

[UC]=

not

any

+

[UC]

There

is

no

water

there=

There

is

not

any

water

there.

18，one’s

own某人自己的

Unit

7

Will

people

have

robots1，

will表將來

肯定：主語+

will+

V原

否定：主語+

will

not

(won’t)+

V原

疑問：will+主語+

V原

There

be的將來時(shí)：there

will

be

there

won’t

be

Will

there

be

2，

Do

you

know+

陳述語序

回答時(shí)，針對從句部分回答

—Do

you

know

there

will

be

a

football

match

this

afternoon?

—Yes,

there

will./

No,

there

won’t

3，

at

home

in

one’s

home

4，paper[UC]紙張

a

piece

of

paper

paper

[C]報(bào)紙（=newspaper）、論文、試卷

5，In+時(shí)間段是指以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的...在一段時(shí)間以后...，也可以表示...在將來多少時(shí)間之內(nèi)...，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。

After常常指以過去時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的...在一段時(shí)間之后...，After+時(shí)間段常與過去時(shí)態(tài)連用。當(dāng)after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可以與將來時(shí)態(tài)連用。

Later

是副詞，

“一段時(shí)間+later”表示”一段時(shí)間之后”，用于過去時(shí)；如果單獨(dú)使用，可與將來時(shí)或過去時(shí)連用。Later

on后來6，pollute

v.污染

Pollution

[UC]

污染

white/

air/

water/

noise

pollution

Polluted

adj.

被污染的

polluted

water

7，predict

v.預(yù)測

prediction

n.預(yù)測

8，on

the

earth在地球上

on

earth究竟

in

the

earth在地里

9，save拯救

save

the

earth

節(jié)約

save

water/

money

10，few-fewer-fewest+

[C]

little-less-least+

[UC]

few,

little含有否定意味，意味...幾乎沒有...

a

few,

a

little含有肯定意味，意味...一點(diǎn)，一些...

11，Space[UC]太空，空間，一般情況下不與冠詞連用，如果space前面有表示太空情況的形容詞（如dark,cold,airless）修飾，則可與定冠詞連用。Space[C]空間，空地(=room)

Room[C]房間；[UC]空間

Make

room

for...為...騰出空間

Place[C]

指某一具體...地點(diǎn)，地方...

12，hundred，thousand(千),million(百萬)表示不確切的數(shù)目時(shí)，在詞尾加s,且和of連用，表示”數(shù)百，數(shù)千，數(shù)百萬”。

當(dāng)這些詞前有數(shù)詞或several,some等修飾詞時(shí)則不加s,也不跟介詞of連用，直接跟名詞。

13，in

the

future在將來

in

future=

from

now

on從今往后

14，I/

We

believe接賓語從句，含有否定時(shí)要用否定轉(zhuǎn)移

Believe

sb相信某人所為

believe

in信任某人的為人，信仰

15，over

and

over

again反復(fù)，再三

16，get

bored覺得無聊

17，wake

up醒來，叫醒（動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)）

18，fall

down倒塌,

19，During指...在...時(shí)間內(nèi)，在...的期間...，一般有明確的時(shí)間長度和起止時(shí)間。謂語動(dòng)詞常為持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，時(shí)間段前常有限定詞（the,物主代詞等），表特指。During指動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間，回答when的問題。

In

“在...時(shí)間內(nèi)”，一般情況下可以和during互換，用in時(shí)往往強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某一時(shí)間段中的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)；during既可用在...在整個(gè)時(shí)間段期間...，也可用在...某時(shí)間段內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)...。

For”（時(shí)間）長達(dá)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間由始至終，動(dòng)作也貫穿這段時(shí)間的始終，可以和完成時(shí)或過去時(shí)連用。強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)時(shí)間的長短，回答how

long的問題

Unit

8

How

do

you

make

a

banana

milk

shake1，

可數(shù)名詞[C]與不可數(shù)名詞[UC]

●[C]有復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以與定冠詞a/

an連用

a

pen

an

orange

[UC]沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可以與定冠詞a/

an連用

●[C]表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用many，a

few等詞修飾。如：many

apples；a

few

pens

[UC]則要用much、a

little等詞修飾。如：

much

meat

；little

water

這兩類名詞都可以被some、any、a

lot

of(lost

of)等修飾。

●

[C]前面可用具體的數(shù)字修飾

three

books

[UC]要用...數(shù)字+量詞+of...修飾

a

cup

of

tea，a

piece

of

paper/

news/

chalk，a

bottle

of

milk

●

[C]做主語，主謂一致

There

is

a

book

and

two

pens

on

the

desk.

There

are

two

pens

and

a

book

on

the

desk.

[UC]做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

There

is

some

milk

in

the

bottle.

[UC]做主語，如果前面有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

There

are

two

bottles

of

milk

on

the

table.

●

對[C]提問用how

many

How

many

bananas

do

we

need?

對[UC]提問用how

much

How

much

sugar

do

we

need？

[UC前面有表示數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾時(shí)，提問用how

many

How

many

cups

of

tea

are

there

on

the

table?

●

有的名詞，既可以做[C]又可以做[UC]

Fish魚，魚類

→魚肉

Room房間

→空間

Chicken小雞

→雞肉

Orange橙子

→橙汁

Work作品，著作

→工作

Exercise練習(xí)，操

→運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉

Time次數(shù)，倍數(shù)

→時(shí)間

Glass玻璃杯

→玻璃

Paper報(bào)紙，論文，試卷

→紙張

Hair幾根毛發(fā)

→毛發(fā)總稱

（fish魚，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，one

fish一條魚，two

fish兩條魚；two

fishes兩種魚）

祈使句要用動(dòng)詞原形，變否定加Don’t

Turn

on打開

turn

off關(guān)閉

turn

up調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)

turn

down調(diào)小，拒絕

4，

Cut

up切碎=

o

pieces

cut

sth

in

two/

half將某物切成兩半

5，

Po...

把...倒進(jìn)...里

pour...out把...倒出來

6，

Put...in/

into...

把...放進(jìn)...里

put

on穿上

put

out熄滅

put

down放下

put

up舉起，搭建

put

away把...收起來放好

put

off推遲

7，

Make創(chuàng)造、生產(chǎn)、制造，指用原材料做某種東西

Do干、做，指做具體某項(xiàng)工作

有關(guān)make

的短語：make

up編造（故事、謊言）

make

the

bed鋪床

make

tea沏茶

make

a

telephone

call打電話

make

one’s

way

to往…走去make

room

for為...騰空間

make

faces做鬼臉

make

(a

lot

of

)money賺（許多）錢

make

a

decision做決定

make

sure務(wù)必

make

trouble惹麻煩

make

friends交朋友

make

progress取得進(jìn)步make

a

living謀生make

a

visit拜訪

make

a

mistake犯錯(cuò)誤make

a

noise弄出噪音

make

up

one’s

mind

to

do

sth下決心

make

it約定時(shí)間，及時(shí)趕到，做到

8，F(xiàn)irst…Next…Then…Finally

首先……接下來……然后…….最后……

9，ten

more

minutes

=

another

ten

minutes

基數(shù)詞

+

more

+

名詞

=

another

+

基數(shù)詞

+

名詞

10，need

to

do

sth.需要做某事

Need

doing=

need

to

be

done需要被...

Needn’t=

don’t

have

to

不必要

11，add...to...把...加到...上

Add

to增加、添加

add

up把...加在一起

add

up

to合計(jì)

12，half

a/

an...

一半的...

half

a

cup半杯

Half

of+

n

做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于后面的n

Eg：Half

of

the

books

are

novels.

Half

of

his

money

was

stolen.

13，be

always

doing

sth總是做某事,

14，It’s

time

(for

sb)

to

do

sth.

到某人做某事的時(shí)候了。

It’s

time

for

sth.

到做某事的時(shí)候了。

There’s

no

time

to

do

sth

沒有時(shí)間做某事

15，在here,

there

開頭的倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。

Eg：Here

are

some

books

for

you.

Here

comes

the

bus.

主語為代詞時(shí)，不需要倒裝。Eg：Here

he

comes.

16，o/

to...

把...混合進(jìn)...里

mix

up（動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)）把...混合在一起

17，fill

A

with

B

用B填充A

A

be

filled

with

B

=

be

full

of

充滿….

The

boy

filled

the

bottle

with

sand.

/

The

bag

was

full

of

clothes.

18，cover

A

with

B

用B把A覆蓋

A

be

covered

with

B

A被B所覆蓋

Ann

covered

her

face

with

her

hands.

/

Ann’s

face

was

covered

with

her

hands.

cover

n.封面，蓋子

The

cover

of

the

magazine

is

nice.

19，with和，帶有

without沒有

With+

n

+介詞

表伴隨

The

teacher

came

in

with

a

smile

on

her

face.

20，serve

sb

(with)

sth

serve

sth

to

sb把某物提供給某人，招待某人某物

Serve

up

端上食物

21，have/

run

a

temperature發(fā)燒

take

one’s

temperature給某人量體溫

22，one

by

one一個(gè)接一個(gè)；逐個(gè)；依次

23，for

a

long

time很長時(shí)間

Unit

9

Can

you

come

to

my

party？1，邀請：Can/

Could

you……?

Would

you

like/

love

to......?

Shall

we......?

Will

you

please......?

接受：Sure/

Certainly/

Yes/

With

pleasure/

Of

course/

I’d

love

to

/

That

sound

great

/Thank

you

for

inviting(asking)

me/

It’s

very

kind

(nice)

of

you.

拒絕：

Sorry,

I

can’t.

But....../

I’m

afraid

not./

I’d

love

to,

but......

/

Sorry,

I’m

afraid

I

can’t.

2，prepare

for

sth為…做準(zhǔn)備

prepare

to

do

sth

準(zhǔn)備做某事

prepare

sb

for

sth

使某人對某物有所準(zhǔn)備

prepare

sb

to

do

sth使某人準(zhǔn)備做某事

prepare

sb

sth=

prepare

sth

for

sb為某人準(zhǔn)備某物

be

prepared

for

sth=

get

ready

for

sth為某事做好了準(zhǔn)備

3，have

the

flu患流感

have

a

cold

感冒

have

a

cough

咳嗽

have

a

fever

發(fā)燒

have

a

sore

throat

喉嚨痛

have

a

headache

頭痛

have

a

toothache

牙痛

4，pass

the

exam考試通過

fail

(in)

the

exam考試不及格

take/

do

an

exam參加考試

5，available

人做主語意為...有空的，能夠出席的...

物做主語意為...有效的，有用的，可獲得的...

invite

sb.

to

do

sth邀請某人做某事

invite

sb.

to

a

place邀請某人去某地

7，not…until…直到...才...

8，hang

out

/

around/

about常去某地、閑逛

hang

up掛電話，懸掛，掛起

hang

on緊緊抓住

hang-hung-hung

9，catch

the

bus趕公交車

catch

one’s

meaning理解某人的意思

catch

up

with趕上

catch

fire著火

catch

a

cold感冒

catch

you

=

bye

catch

sb’s

eye引起某人注意

catch

hold

of抓住

catch-caught

10，accept接受，反義詞為：refuse。accept指主觀上愿意接受，recei