英語必修5 知識講解：話題語言應用-科學家與科學工作

話題語言應用——科學家與科學工作語言積累交際用語Ⅰ.討論有關科學工作Whatkindofscientificjobdoyouwanttodo?你想做什么樣的科學工作？Whatpersonalitywillbeneeded?需要什么樣的個性？Whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful?需要什么樣工作經(jīng)驗呢？Whyareyousointerestedinthisjob?你為什么對這個工作這么感興趣呢?Howlongwillthetrainingtake?這項訓練需要多長時間？Whateducationwillyouneed?你們需要什么樣的教育背景呢？Howwillyouprepareforthiscareer?你怎樣為這個職業(yè)做準備呢？Ⅱ．描述人物HowwillIrecognizeyou?我怎樣認出你？Whatwillyouwear?你將穿什么樣的衣服？HowwillIknowyou?我怎樣認出你？Whatdoyoulooklike?你長什么樣？Whatspecialfeaturesdoyouhave?你外貌有什么特殊之處嗎？Youcanrecognizemebecause....你可以認出我，因為.....I’mtall/short,fat/thin,young/oldwith...我高/矮，胖/瘦，年輕/老邁，帶/穿著......Ihavelarge/small,brown/green/blackeyeswith...我有大的/小的，棕色的/綠色/黑色的眼睛，帶著......話題詞句Ⅰ．描寫人的外貌、性格、品質的詞匯：brave勇敢的 cautious謹慎的 confident自信的co-operative合作的 creative有創(chuàng)造性的 determined堅定的 energetic精力充沛的 enthusiastic滿腔熱情的 expert內行的hardworking工作努力的 patient耐心的 pleasant令人愉快的，友善的 polite有禮貌的，客氣的 positive積極的 revolutionary創(chuàng)新的severe嚴厲的 strict嚴格的 bestrictwith對……嚴格的Ⅱ.有關科學研究的短語：scientificresearch科學研究 setoutanewscientificidea開創(chuàng)新科學觀點findaproblem發(fā)現(xiàn)問題 makeaquestion設定疑問 collectresults收集結果analyseresults分析結果 thinkofamethod考慮有關理論 findsupportingevidence 找到支持的證據(jù)Ⅲ.課文重點句-----試試你會了嗎？1.是誰用豌豆來演示身體特征是如何由父母傳給子女的？Whousedpeastoshow_____________________________fromparentstotheirchildren?2.誰提出了黑洞理論？Who_______________________________?3.約翰·斯諾是倫敦著名的醫(yī)生——他的確太內行了，以至于作為維多利亞女皇的私人醫(yī)生照料她。

JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—__________,indeed,____________QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.4.約翰·斯諾想面對挑戰(zhàn)，解決問題。JohnSnowwanted________________________thisproblem.5.他決心查出原因。He_________________________.6.他沒有預見到這一點，所以做了進一步的調查。Hehadnot____________,sohe_____________________.7.似乎罪魁禍首是水了。Itseemedthat_______________________.8.有一位婦女......特別喜歡那里的水，每天都派人從水泵打水運到她家。Awoman,...,likedthewaterfromthepump______________________herhouseeveryday.9.約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布被污染的水帶有病毒。JohnSnow___________________________that_______________carriedthevirus.10.自來水公司接到指令，不讓人們再接觸被污染的水了。Thewatercompanies_______________________________pollutedwateranymore.11.雖然他設法忽視這些，但是所有的數(shù)學計算都得出同一結論......Althoughhehad__________them,allhismathematicalcalculations________________...12.他的朋友們很熱情，鼓勵他發(fā)表他的觀點。Hisfriends_______________and_________________hisideas.參考答案：1.howphysicalcharacteristicsarepassed2.putforwardatheoryaboutblackholes3.soexpert;thatheattended4.tofacethechallengeandsolve5.wasdeterminedtofindoutwhy6.foreseenthis;madefurtherinvestigations7.thewaterwastoblame8.somuchthatshehaditdeliveredto9.wasabletoannouncewithcertainty;pollutedwater10.wereinstructednottoexposepeopleto11.triedtoignore;ledtothesameconclusion12.wereenthusiastic;encouragedhimtopublish寫作運用勸告信的寫法1.寫信的目的:勸告信是寫信人就相關事件表達觀點，說服別人信服你的觀點，采取行動的信件。2.收信人：日常的勸告信可以寫給各種收信人，包括企業(yè)、政府官員、父母、學校的人事部門等。這些信件既可能是對提交的法規(guī)表示贊同或反對，也可能是用新產(chǎn)品替換缺陷產(chǎn)品的要求。3.勸告信的特點：一封好的勸告信應該：清晰、簡潔地說明情況；提供詳盡的細節(jié)來支持你的觀點；要用邏輯清楚的信息來說明觀點；明確說明你期望的結果和執(zhí)行的建議。4.寫信準備：考慮三個問題：1）信是寫給誰的？2）你想讓他們做什么？3）讓他們同意你的觀點的原因。5.寫信1）你要記住的第一件事是你和收信人是同一邊的。也就是說你要對方明白你是為了他的利益考慮，而不是采取敵對態(tài)度。2）記住你是對誰說話，你對一個CEO說話與對一個管道工說話的方式是不一樣的。3）要提及雙方都認同的事情，讓他們知道做這個決定是正確的。6.潤色和檢查：1）在信末要確定有要求處理的訴求。2）再次檢查你的信中有正確的地址、合適的致意和信尾簽名。如果是正式信件，要有寫信人的手寫簽名。常用表達句型1.開頭I’mwritingthislettertosharewithyouwhatIthinkaboutthematter.我寫信來說說我對此事的看法。Iamwritingtoexpressmyideaconcerning/forthepurposeof…

我寫信想表達我對......的想法/為了......Iknowyouhavetroublein...afterreadingyourletter.

讀了你的信，我知道你在......方面有了麻煩。Iamverypleasedtowritethisletterofrecommendationtosupporthisapplication.我很高興寫這封推薦信，為他的申請助一臂之力。Iamverydelightedtohavebeenaskedtowritethisletterofrecommendationfor...我非常高興應.......之邀寫這封推薦信。Iamwritingtocomplainabout...我寫此信投訴有關......2.信中Ifeelsomethingshouldbedoneabout...我覺得應該對......采取措施。Ihadenoughopportunitiestoobservehiminmanyways.我有很多機會在各方面觀察他。3.信尾Ifeelthatitwouldbebeneficialif…我感覺如果......會是有利的。Iwouldbereadytodiscussthismattertofurtherdetails.我會很愿意進一步討論此事。Iwouldappreciateitgreatlyifyoukindlytakehimintoconsiderationforadmission.

如果你考慮他的入學申請，我將不勝感激。Iwillbemorethanhappytoseeimprovementsinthisregard.如果看到這一點有所改進，我會很高興的。Pleasegivethismatteryourimmediateattention.亟待您的關注。Thankyouforyourtimeandkindconsideration.謝謝你在百忙之中抽時間考慮我的申請/要求。寫作范文：Example1Mrs.Hanley:AsaresidentofWoodlawnAcres,youmayhavenoticedthatoursubdivision(分支)signisinneedofseriousrepairs.

Forsometimenowit’sbeenovergrownwithweeds.

I’verecentlydecideditneedssomeattentionorpossiblyanentirelynewdesign.Enclosedisaproposedredevelopmentdesignfortheentrancetooursubdivision.

Theestimatedcostisabout$600whichwouldincludeplantandbuildingmaterials,andgroundpreparations.

I’maskingforasmallcontribution,whetheritistohelpcoverthecostoftheprojectorifit’sonlyanhourspenttoaidintheconstructionprocess.Asalandscapearchitecturestudent,I’velearnedhowimportantitistoestablishamoodandtheoverallsenseofanentrancewhenintroducinganewspace.

Ifeelthepeopleofthiscommunity,togetherwiththisnewdesignwillhelpgivetoourneighborhoodtheonlycomponentitlacks.Thankyouforyourhelp.Sincerely,

PeggyHill

Example2DearMr.O'Neal,Recently,yourmailcarrier,Mr.Johnson,hasbeenunabletodelivermailtoyouraddressbecauseofyourDobermanPinscher.

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Example3Thisisanexcellentexampleofaletterofrecommendation.Thewriterisparticularlygoodatincorporatingspecificexamplestosupporthispraiseofthejobcandidate.DearMr.Shields:JohnSmithhasappliedforentrancetotheLouisianaStateUniversityMBAprogrambeginningfall2004.

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Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmewithanyquestions.Sincerely,FrederickB.Alexius,Jr.VPLoanApproval(225)5555555ext.12■課本寫作范文：DearNicolausCopernicus,Ia