雙語閱讀做個(gè)全新的自己

20XX年雙語閱讀：做個(gè)嶄新的自己擬定新年規(guī)劃這個(gè)一年一度的老例動(dòng)作——我要減重10磅，要解決財(cái)務(wù)問題，要更耐心地對(duì)待家人，要更知道感恩——總是放錯(cuò)要點(diǎn)。我們?nèi)訌?qiáng)意志，去做已經(jīng)意識(shí)到自己該做的那些事情。但好似“催命符”的備忘錄無論多嚴(yán)格，都沒法激勵(lì)人們進(jìn)行真切的自我更新。(更別提1月份才成形的這些宏圖弘愿是多么簡單過期，2月份一到，它們經(jīng)常就宣布破產(chǎn)。)Theturningoverofanewyearisanopportunitytocreateourselvesanew.How?Thekey,Isuggest,isinshiftingourunderstandingofthechoiceswemake.Formanypeople,themostimportantchoicesinlifearesourcesofagony,dread,paralysis—evendepressionorsuicide.Itdoesn’thavetobelikethis.新年來臨之際是重新塑造自我的良機(jī)。怎樣塑造呢?我以為，要點(diǎn)在于換個(gè)角度來理解我們所做的選擇。對(duì)好多人而言，生命中最重要的一些選擇是難過、懼怕、無力的根源，甚至?xí)屓水a(chǎn)生抑郁和自殺偏向。但事情其實(shí)不必然非是這樣不行。做個(gè)嶄新的自己Ahypotheticalexample:EveworksasatextbookeditorataBostonpublishinghouseandwasapproachedbyasmallbutprestigiousimprintontheWestCoastthatwaslookingforafictioneditor.Thejobwouldbeabigpromotion,withasignificantraise,andEvehadalwayswantedtoworkinfiction.比方說，伊芙是波士頓某第一版社的教科書編寫，西海岸一家正在搜尋小說編寫的第一版公司找到了她。該公司規(guī)模雖小，但卻久負(fù)盛名。接受這份工作，伊芙的職位會(huì)大大提高，薪水會(huì)大幅提高，并且她素來都想在小說領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。ButEveisincrisis.ShouldshemoveherhusbandandyoungdaughterfromtheircozylifeinBoston,herhomeof15years,tothewildsofCalifornia?Ifshestays,willshebeforsakingtheopportunityofalifetime?Ifshemoves,willhernewbossturnouttobeajerk?Willherchildbebulliedatschool?Whatifherhusbandcan’tfindagoodjob?Willthefamilyquarrel,themarriagedissolve,herbossfireherforbeingincompetent,andsheandherchildenduponfoodstampsinahomelessshelter?但伊芙卻面對(duì)著困難的抉擇。她已經(jīng)在波士頓生活了15年，該讓丈夫和年幼的女兒拋開這里的舒坦生活，與她一起搬走嗎?若是選擇留在波士頓，她能夠割舍一世中難得的時(shí)機(jī)嗎?若是選擇搬去西海岸，若是發(fā)現(xiàn)新老板是個(gè)混球可怎么辦?若是她的孩子在學(xué)校挨欺凌可怎么辦?若是她丈夫找不到好工作可怎么辦?家里可否會(huì)爭執(zhí)不停，婚姻可否會(huì)解體，老板可否會(huì)由于她沒法勝任工作而炒她魷魚，她和孩子可否會(huì)落得在收容所靠食品券度日的田地?ManypeoplearelikeEveandseetheirchoicesas,inessence,problemsofcomputation.ButchoosingbetweenjobsisnotlikecomputingthedistancebetweenMemphisandMumbai.Theviewofchoiceasamatterofcalculatingmaximalvalueisassumedincost-benefitanalysis,governmentpolicymakingandmuchofeconomictheory.It’evensembeddedintheappsyoucandownloadthatpurporttohelpyoudecidewhethertobuyanewcar,getmarriedorchangejobs.好多人都和伊芙差不多，他們其實(shí)把選擇看作了計(jì)算利害得失的問題。但在不同樣工作之間做出選擇，跟丈量從孟菲斯到孟買的距離可不是一回事。把選擇看作對(duì)價(jià)值最大化的計(jì)算，是內(nèi)化于成本收益解析、政府決策過程以及好多經(jīng)濟(jì)理論之中的一種觀念。它甚至暗藏在能夠從網(wǎng)上下載的某些旨在幫助你決定可否要買新車、可否要結(jié)婚、可否要換工作的應(yīng)用程序之中。Attheheartofthismodelisasimpleassumption:thatwhatyoushouldchooseisalwaysdeterminedbyfactsintheworldaboutwhichoptionhasmorevalue—smartenoughtodiscover,would

factsthat,ifonlyyouweremakedecision-makingrelativelyeasy.該模型的核心假設(shè)特別簡單：你的選擇總是取決于世界上的某些與哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)會(huì)帶來更大價(jià)值有關(guān)的事實(shí)——你只要聰慧到足以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些事實(shí)，就能夠相對(duì)簡單地做出決策。Buttheassumptionisfalse.Whenwecomputedistances,thereareonlythreepossibilities:onedistanceismorethan,lessthanorequaltoanother.Similarly,whenwecomputevalue,thereareonlythreepossibilities:onethingisbetterthan,worsethanorjustasgoodasanother.Butweshouldn’tassumethatgoodnessislikedistance.Valuesdon’thavethesamestructureasfacts.但這個(gè)假設(shè)是錯(cuò)誤的。我們測(cè)算距離的時(shí)候，所面對(duì)的可能性只有三種：一段距離比另一段長，比另一段短，也許跟另一段相等。相同，我們計(jì)算價(jià)值的時(shí)候，所面對(duì)的可能性也只有三種：一個(gè)事物比另一個(gè)好，比另一個(gè)糟，也許跟另一個(gè)差不多。但我們不該把事物的利害和距離的長短等同起來。價(jià)值的系統(tǒng)和事實(shí)的系統(tǒng)是截然相反的。Optionscanbe“onapar”different—invaluewhilebeinginthesameoverallneighborhood.Ifyouralternativesareonapar,youcan’tmakeamistakeofreasoninchoosingoneinsteadoftheother.Sinceoneisn’betterthantheother,youcan’choosetwrongly.Butnoraretheyequallygood.Whenalternativesareonapar,whentheworlddoesn’tdetermineasinglerightthingtodo,thatdoesn’tmeanthatvaluewritlargehasbeenexhausted.Insteadoflookingoutwardtofindthevaluethatdetermineswhatyoushoulddo,youcanlookinwardtowhatyoucanstandbehind,committo,resolvetothrowyourselfbehind.Bycommittingtoanoption,youcanconfervalueonit.各種選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)“均分秋景”——固然價(jià)值不完整相同，但也相差無幾。若是你有一些均分秋景的選項(xiàng)，你無論選擇哪個(gè)，都不會(huì)犯判斷上的錯(cuò)誤。由于兩種選擇沒有利害之分，你不行能做出錯(cuò)誤的選擇。但是，它們也并不是相同好。入選項(xiàng)均分秋景時(shí)，當(dāng)世界上并不是只有唯一正確的答案時(shí)，那其實(shí)不意味著真切的價(jià)值已經(jīng)枯竭。與其從外面搜尋價(jià)值來判斷自己應(yīng)該做些什么，你可以向內(nèi)心來咨詢自己能夠支持、許諾，以及信心投身于什么。只要篤定于一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，你就為它賜予了價(jià)值。Ofcourse,thisisn’ttosaythatyoushouldcommittobeingafirst-classjerk,pedophileormurderer.Thatjerkisnotonaparwithbeingagoodperson.

’sbecausebeinga自然了，這其實(shí)不是說你應(yīng)該篤定于成為一個(gè)頭號(hào)混蛋、

戀童癖，也許殺人犯。這是由于，做一個(gè)混蛋和做一個(gè)好人可不是平分秋景的選項(xiàng)。Whenwechoosebetweenoptionsthatareonapar,wemakeourselvestheauthorsofourownlives.Insteadofbeingledbythenosebywhatweimaginetobefactsoftheworld,weshouldinsteadrecognizethatsometimestheworldissilentaboutwhatweshoulddo.Inthosecases,wecancreatevalueforourselvesbycommittingtoanoption.Bydoingso,wenotonlycreatevalueforourselvesbutwealso(re)createourselves.EvemightresolvetomakeherlifeinBoston.Someoneelse,inhershoes,mightresolvetostartanewlifeinCalifornia.Thereisnoerrorhere,onlydifferentresolutionsthatcreatedifferentsortsofpeople.當(dāng)我們?cè)诰智锞暗倪x項(xiàng)中做選擇時(shí)，我們就成了自己人生的創(chuàng)立者。我們不應(yīng)該被我們想象中的世界現(xiàn)實(shí)牽著鼻子走，而是應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，有時(shí)，這個(gè)世界不會(huì)告訴我們應(yīng)該做什么。在這種狀況下，我們應(yīng)該篤定一種選項(xiàng)，創(chuàng)立我們自己的價(jià)值。這樣做的話，我們不單為自己創(chuàng)立了的價(jià)值，我們也(重新)創(chuàng)立了自己。伊芙可能信心在波士頓生活。而面對(duì)相同的境遇，另一個(gè)人可能會(huì)決定在加州開始新的生活。這無所謂對(duì)錯(cuò)，可是不同樣的解決方案造就不同樣種類的人罷了。SoEve,facedwithherchoice,shouldreflectonwhatkindofpersonshecanbe.Canshebesomeonewhoabandonsacontentedlifeforanewadventure?Achoicebetweenalternativesthatareonaparisapreciousopportunitytocreatethesortofpersonshecancommittobeing,bycommittingtobeingthatsortofperson.所以，伊芙在做出選擇時(shí)，應(yīng)該考慮的是，她能成為何樣的人。她能為了新的冒險(xiǎn)而放棄舒坦的生活嗎?在均分秋景的選項(xiàng)中做決定是一個(gè)難得的時(shí)機(jī)，能夠創(chuàng)立出一個(gè)自己能夠信心成為的人，方法就是下信心成為那各種類的人。Manyofthechoiceswefaceinthenewyearwillbebetweenalternativesthatareonapar.Ourtaskthenistoreflectonwhatkindofpersonwecancommittobeingwhenmakingthosechoices.Canwecommittoforgoingamuch-needednewcarandgivethemoneytocharityinstead?Canwecommittostayinginasecure9-to-5jobratherthanstartingthebusinesswe’vealwaysdreamedof?CanwecommittohavingaparentwithAlzheimer’smoveinwithus,ratherthanpayingtoputherinanursinghome?我們?cè)谛履暌潦济鎸?duì)的好多項(xiàng)選擇擇都是均分秋景的選項(xiàng)。所以，在做出這些決準(zhǔn)時(shí)，我們的任務(wù)就是思慮，我們能下信心成為什么樣的人。我們能放棄一輛急需的新車，把錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)嗎?我們能知足于朝九晚五的平穩(wěn)工作，放棄創(chuàng)業(yè)的夢(mèng)想嗎?我們?cè)敢獍鸦加邪柎暮ＤY的母親接來與我們同住，而不是花費(fèi)把她送到養(yǎng)老院嗎?Sointhisnewyear,let’snotdothesameold,sameold;letnotresolvetoworkharderatbeingtheselvesthatwealreadyare.Instead,let’sresolvetomakeourselvesintotheselvesthatwecancommittobeing.所以，在這個(gè)新年到來之際，我們不要年復(fù)一年地做相同的事了;在新年的規(guī)劃中，不要下信心更努力地做原來的自己。相反，我們要把自己變?yōu)橄胍蔀榈哪莻€(gè)人。要悟透自己就是正確認(rèn)識(shí)自己Inallone'slifetimeitisoneselfthatonespendsthemosttimebeingwithordealingwith.Butitispreciselyoneselfthatonehastheleastunderstandingof.Whenyouaregoingupwardsinlifeyoutendtooverestimateyourself.Itseemsthateverythingyouseekforiswithinyourreach;luckandopportunitieswillcomeyourwayandyouareoverjoyedthattheyconstitutepartofyourworth.Whenyouaregoingdownhillyoutendtounderestimateyourself,mistakingdifficultiesandadversitiesforyourownincompetence.It’likelysthatyouthinkitwiseforyourselftoknowyourplaceandstayalooffromworldlywearingamaskofcowardice,behindwhichtheflowofsapinyourlifewillberetarded.人生在世，和“自己”相處最多，打交道最多，但是經(jīng)常悟不透“自己”.人生走上坡路時(shí)，經(jīng)常把自己預(yù)計(jì)過高，憂如全部所求的東西都能易如反掌，甚至把運(yùn)氣和時(shí)機(jī)也看做自己身價(jià)的一部分而樂不行支.人在不喜悅時(shí)，又經(jīng)常把自己預(yù)計(jì)過低，把困難和不利也看做自己的無能，致使把本分守己，與世無爭誤以為有自知之明，而實(shí)質(zhì)上經(jīng)常被膽寒的面具窒息了自己鮮活的生命.Togetathoroughunderstandingofoneselfistogainacorrectviewofoneselfandbeasoberrealist--awareofbothone’sstrengthandshortage.Youmaylookforwardhopefullytothefuturebutbesurenottoexpecttoomuch,foridealscanneverbefullyrealized.Youmaybecourageoustomeetchallengesbutitshouldbecleartoyouwheretodirectyourefforts.That’stowaysolongasyouhaveaperfectknowledgeofyourselftherewon’tbedifficultiesyoucan’tovercome,norobstaclesyoucan’tsurmount.悟透自己，就是正確認(rèn)識(shí)自己，也就是說要做一個(gè)沉穩(wěn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，既知道自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，也知道自己的不足.我們能夠向往人生，但希望值不能夠過高.由于在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，理想總是會(huì)打折扣的.能夠迎接挑戰(zhàn).但是一定清楚自己努力的方向.也就是說，人一旦有了自知之明，也就沒有什么戰(zhàn)勝不了的困難，沒有什么過不去的難關(guān).Togetathoroughunderstandingofoneselfneedsselfappreciation.Whetheryoulikenyourselftoatoweringtreeorabladeofgrass,whetheryouthinkyouareahighmountainorasmallstone,yourepresentastateofnaturethathasitsownraisondeter.Ifyouearnestlyadmireyourselfyou’llhavearealsenseofself-appreciation,whichwillgiveyouconfidence.Assoonasyougainfullconfidenceinyourself

you’llbeenabled

to

fight

andovercomeanyadversity.要悟透自己就要賞識(shí)自己.無論你是一棵參天大樹，仍是一棵小草，無論你成為一座宏偉的頂峰，仍是一塊小小的石頭，都是一種天然，都有自己存在的價(jià)值.只要你認(rèn)真地賞識(shí)自己，你就會(huì)擁有一個(gè)真切的自我.只有自我賞識(shí)才會(huì)有信心，一旦擁有了信心也就擁有了抵擋全部困境的動(dòng)力.Togetathoroughunderstandingofoneselfalsorequiresdoingoneselfafavorwhenit’neededs.Intimeofanger,doyourselfafavorbygivi