必修4-Unit3-Grammar-現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)

Module4U3P3GrammarRevision-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用法TranslationTalkingtohimistalkingtoawall.2.Smokingmaycausecancer.3.Yourcoatneedsbrushing.

對(duì)他說(shuō)話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。吸煙會(huì)致癌。你的大衣需要刷一下。一、-ing形式作定語(yǔ)

1.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？杀磉_(dá)三種含義：表示“供…之用”，相當(dāng)于usedfordoing.

buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading閱覽室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫(xiě)字臺(tái)b)表“正在…的”。如：thosesinginggirls（=thosegirlswhoaresinging）那些正在唱歌的女孩子們舉例：thelaughingaudience/therisingsunaflamingargument/ahowlingstormthedancinggirl/aflyingkitec)表示性質(zhì)特征，多含主動(dòng)意味。如：anexcitingstory（=astorythatexcitespeople）舉例：aninterestingcrosstalkanamusingstory/anexcitingeveninganinterestingstory

2.-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他們住在一間面朝街的房子。Theman

standingthere

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

whoisstandingthere

isPeter’sfather.站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。二、-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。如：Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在大門(mén)口。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個(gè)包。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.2）當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。Wemustn’tkeepthemwaiting.=Theymustn’tbekeptwaiting.千萬(wàn)不能讓他們等。

2.能用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:

1)表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.2)表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.I’msorrytohave

keptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.

三、-ing形式作表語(yǔ)

-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后，用來(lái)泛指某種動(dòng)作或行為，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。如：Herhobbyispainting.她的業(yè)余愛(ài)好是畫(huà)畫(huà)。Myjobislookingafterthechildren.我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.他對(duì)母親的關(guān)愛(ài)很感人。四.ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)

可以表示時(shí)間,原因,結(jié)果,條件,行為方式或伴隨動(dòng)作等。 1.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.

2.Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.

原因伴隨3.Heatingwater，wecanchangeitintovapor．條件4.Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴隨5.Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.時(shí)間6.Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.結(jié)果AttentionPlease

1.-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)是一致的；2.現(xiàn)在分詞完成式havingdone表示其動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成；3.ing形式前可有while,when,unless,though,if等連詞Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.

(分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time,而句子的主語(yǔ)是I,兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,所以只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)充一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。)______inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(北京2004)A.Towait B.Havewaited C.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited注：應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，要掌握好三個(gè)“區(qū)別”1現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)和不定式主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，不定式主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。試比較：1）Iheardhimplayingthepianointhenextroom.2）Nowletmehearyouplaythepianoasecondtime.2現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)和不定式被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)的用法現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示將來(lái)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。1）Wefoundtheguestsbeingservedinthehall.2）Theywantedustobeservedlikeforeigners.3現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)和過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的用法。兩者所表示的時(shí)間有區(qū)別。過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示已經(jīng)完成了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)只表示正在進(jìn)行著的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。1）Theyheardtheirshopwindowsbeingpainedbytwoworkers.2）Theyheardtheirshopwindowspainedthreedaysbefore.1.The____boywaslastseen___neartheEastLake.(2000Shanghai)A.missing,playingB.missing,playC.missing,playedD.missed,toplay2.Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree.A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying3.Seeingthesun___abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising4._____thelastbusmeanswalkinghome.A.MissB.missedC.MissingD.IfmissingADCCA5.Theyknewherwell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow6.Wewillmakeit___toall___sheisanewteacher.knowing,thatB.known,thatC.known,whoD.knowing,7.Thebuilding___willbealibrary.buildingB.havingbuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobuildBC8.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth___forhimwithoutdelay.toweaveB.tobeweavingC.tobewovenD.tohavewovenC9.There’re5pairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochoseD.chosenB10.Heisamanhard___with.dealB.tobedealtC.todealD.dealingCConclusion

The–ingformcanbeusedas:Attribute(定語(yǔ))Objectcomplement(賓補(bǔ))Subject(主語(yǔ))Object(賓語(yǔ))Predicative(表語(yǔ))請(qǐng)你判斷下列-ing形式在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?.Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”whilenoddingmeans“yes”.2.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.3.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”isrubbingthestomachafterameal.4.Anoldmanwalkedintothewaitingroomwithawalkingstickinhishand.主語(yǔ)介賓表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)5.Lookingdirectlyintosomeone’seyesisinsomecountriesawaytoshowinterest.6.ThegestureforOK,makingacirclewithone’sthumbandindexfinger,hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.7.InFrance,apersonseeingthesamegesturewillthinkitmeanszero.8.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.9.Thethumbs-upgesture,meaning“great”or“goodjob”intheUS,isrudeinNigeria.主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)10.The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.11.Insomecountries,avisitingfriendisgreetedwithakissonthecheek;…alovinghug,aboworsimplyanodofthehead.12.Pressingone’spalmstogetherandrestingone’sheadonthebackofone’shandwhileclosingtheeyesasifsleepingmeans“Iamtired.”13.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingthehandincirclesoverthestomachafterameal.14.Ifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthantoseethesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.同位語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)介賓表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)15.Walkingisgoodforeveryone.16.Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.

17.Weshallappreciatehearingfromyouagain.18.Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthetree?19.Peoplecometothemeparks,lookingfor

excitement.20.Onthehill,hesawsmoke

risingfromthechimneys.主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)SentenceanalyzingGettingdown

onone’skneewithflowersinhishandmeans

askingformarriage.Awayof

saying“Iamhungry”

ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.WhenIsawhimforthefirsttime,Icanfeelmyheart

beating.The

sleeping

beautyis

lying

onthebed,

waiting

forhercharmingprince.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)進(jìn)行時(shí)伴隨狀語(yǔ)選擇題1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.(北京2004春)A.put B.tobeputtingC.toput D.putting2.Themanager,_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.(江西2005whohasmade B.havingmadeC.made D.making3.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow_______hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(四川2007)A.said B.say C.saying D.tosay4.Ismellsomething_______inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(2007全國(guó)卷I)A.burning B.burntC.beingburnt D.tobeburnt5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________inthenaturallightinduringtheday.(天津2007)tolet B.letting C.let D.havinglet6.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork___mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建2007)A.filled B.fillingC.tofill D.beingfilled7.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,always_____thesamething.(江蘇2006)saying B.said C.tosay D.havingsaid8.Don’tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.(湖北2006)A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing9.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.(上海2004春)A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing10.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,_______.(上海2000春)A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake11.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not________,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(湖南2007)A.moved B.moving C.tomove D.beingmoved12.Hesentmeane-mail,________togetfurtherinformation.(上海2000)hoped B.hoping C.tohope D.hope13.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_______.(上海2004)doctorscametotheirrescue thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastaken D.warningsweregiventotourists14Findinghercarstolen,_______.(上海2001)apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp15.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.runB.runningC.beingrun D.torun16.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong______,Ihaveneverheardyou______it.A.beingsung;sang B.sang;singingC.sung;sing D.tobesung;tosing用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式