高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)法指導(dǎo)2

高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)I練（二）如何解答閱讀理解中的問題在準(zhǔn)備閱讀理解測(cè)試時(shí)，要對(duì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行總結(jié)。高考中的閱讀理解問題，主要涉及文章中的知識(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，概括中心意思，猜測(cè)陌生詞語(yǔ)的意思和推理判斷。測(cè)試問題方式采用多項(xiàng)選擇題型，每題給出四個(gè)備選答案，要求從中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。例如：考查主題思想或段落大意Thestorymainlytellsus.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe.推理判斷測(cè)試題Wecaninferfromthepassage.Wecanconcludefromthepassage.應(yīng)對(duì)閱讀理解測(cè)試時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng).如有的文章帶標(biāo)題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)看標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題是文章主題的高度概括，它可以給我們一些啟示和線索。.先快速瀏覽一下全文，大概了解一下這是記敘文還是科普文章，中文注釋的單詞是什么意思，這一步要快。.仔細(xì)看原文，凡人物與數(shù)字或地名可用筆作個(gè)記號(hào)，沒弄明白的地方也可劃個(gè)線，以便看完全文再重讀。讀時(shí)要注意弄明白句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)在大腦中加工所得到的信息.看完文章，即可做題。要注意四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看看，不要只看了一兩個(gè)就作出判斷。對(duì)有把握的題，在做完判斷后就不要折回原文核對(duì)廣。但對(duì)沒有把握的題則應(yīng)把相關(guān)的句或段重看一次。.判斷詞義詞性時(shí)要注意結(jié)合上下文。人家考的是在特定的環(huán)境下的意思。.概括中心意思時(shí)，要注意不可離題太遠(yuǎn)，太籠統(tǒng)，但也不要只概括一段或幾句的意思。段落大意一般常與該段首句或尾句有關(guān)。.問及對(duì)某個(gè)問題的看法與態(tài)度，要記住是在問作者態(tài)度，而不是問你作為中國(guó)學(xué)生的想法。.考查文章細(xì)節(jié)的問題?定要在原文中找到出處。.如時(shí)間夠，還應(yīng)復(fù)讀全文，核對(duì)各題答案，完成未定之題。要注意各題的答案要邏輯一致，不能自相矛盾。練習(xí)與解析（1）Treasurehunts（尋寶）haveexcitedpeople'simaginationforhundredsofyearsbothinreal1ifeandinbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson'sTreasureIsland.KitWilljams,amodernwriter,hadtheideaofcombiningtherealexcitementofatreasurehuntwithclues（線索）foundinabookwhenhewroteachildren'sstory,Masquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcameoutWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofcluestohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”,orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitfornearlytwoyears.Althoughhehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic（邏輯）,notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart,liehadrealizedthatthewords:"OneofSixtoEight“underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthehareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVIITssixwives.Evenhere,however,Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimboltoninCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliams

hadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendiggingthereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill,inBedforshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplaceheknewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthi11Parkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1772.Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.ItwasonlyafterhehadspentseveralnightsdiggingaroundthecrossthathedecidedtowritetoKitWilliamstofindoutifhewaswastinghistimethere.Williamsencouragedhimtocontinue,andonFebruary24th1982,hefoundthetreasure.Itwasworth￡；3000inthebeginning,buttheexcitementithadcausedsinceitsburialmadeitmuchmorevaluable.Theunderlinedword"them"A.redherringsTheunderlinedword"them"A.redherringsHenryVIITssixwives(paragraph1)referstoB.treasurehuntsreadersofMasqueradeWhatisthemostimportantclueinthestorytohelpKenRobertsfindthehare?A.Twostonecrossesin.Ampthi11.B.Stevenson*sTreasureIsland.C.KatherineofAragon.D.Williams,hometown.ThestonecrossesinAmpthi11werebuilt.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773toshowrespectforHenryVIITsfirstwifetoserveasaroadsigninAmpthillParktoinformpeoplewherethegoldharewasWhichofthefollowingdescribesRoberts*logicinsearchingforthehare?HenryVIITssixwivesKatherine'sburialplaceatKimboltonWilliams7childhoodinAmpthillKatherineofAragonstonecrossesinAmpthi11ParkA.a-b_c-(l-eB.d-b-c-e-aC.a-d-b-c-eD.b-a-e-c-dWhatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.Anexcitinghistoricalevent.B.Amoderntreasurehunt.C.TheattractionofMasquerade.D.Theimportanceoflogicalthinking.LD最重要的線索為them之前的動(dòng)詞mislead,由其語(yǔ)義可以斷定，其后為“人"而非"物"，答案為readers(of---)C循序查找另外三個(gè)與故事相關(guān)的線索，體會(huì)本文作者描述幸運(yùn)讀者KenRoberts尋寶過(guò)程時(shí)的語(yǔ)氣變化：其中，第二段第3句為Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart…而后聯(lián)系到“OneofSixtoEight"也就是KatherineofAragonoBInherhonor是回答本題的關(guān)鍵信息,指的就是toshowrespectforHenryVIITsfirstwifeC首先比較A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中排序的異同，確認(rèn)開頭兩項(xiàng)為ab,db,還是ba。從短文中確認(rèn)a在前：縮小范惘看第二步，比較b,d,應(yīng)該是d；至此答案已明：a-d-B通觀全文，開頭點(diǎn)題后，通篇在談作家KitWilliams為其作品Masquerade設(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)尋寶的活動(dòng)，讀者KenRoberts如何追根溯源，獲得成功。(2)Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle；itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnae1erio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.“Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,andoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn'thavetobethatway,“saidAnae1erio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket.wTheirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,1ikechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything.Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated(制作)10rcady-to-usc,homepartypackages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothehomeinalargebasket.“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,"Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractive(互動(dòng))andcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppepartytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.wThestandard$200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitations,gifts,gamesandprizes,papergoods,apartyplannerandthelike.Formoreinformation,callAnaclerioat708-864-6584orCarlisleat708-205-9141.Themainpurposeofwritingthistextis.toshareinformationaboutpartyplanningtointroducethejoysofabirthdaypartytoannounceabusinessplantosellaserviceThemostimportantideabehindthekindofpartyplanningdescribedhereisthat.itbringsparentsandchildrenclosertogetherguestsplayapartinthepreparationofapartyparentsaresparedthetroubleofsendinginvitationsitprovidesasubjectofconversationWhatdoestheunderlined