2020屆中考英語(yǔ)二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解(說(shuō)明文專練)

2020屆中考閱讀理解說(shuō)明文專練（一）HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge（HZMB）openedonOctober24,2018.It'sthelongestcross-seabridgeintheworld.Thebridgeis55kilometerslong．ItconnectsHongKongandMacaototheChinesemainlandcityofZhuhai.Construction（建筑工程）ontheHZMBbeganin2009.Itisconsideredasoneofthe"sevenwonders（奇跡）ofthemodernworld".TheHZMBistheonlyoneinmanyways.Itcanwithstandwindspeedsofupto185km/handearthquakeswithmagnitud（e震級(jí)）ofupto8.It'sdesignedtohaveaservicelife（壽命）of120years,20yearslongerthanmostbridges.AndIt'snotjustabridge，butalsoparttunne（l隧道）andpartisland.Inonesection（部分），thebridgetumsintoa6.7-kmunderseatunnel.Andthetunnelpassesthroughtwoman-madeislands.Thetunnelistheworld'slongestunderseatunnelforroadtraffic，allowinglargeshipstocontinuepassingthroughtheseaareaabovethetunnel.TheHZMBmakesitmoreconvenienttotravelbetweenthethreeareas.Itcanshorten（縮短）thetravelingtimefromHongKongtoZhuhai.Peopleusedtospendfourhours，butnowittakesabout45minutes.Bymakinglocalcitiesandareasclosertogether，theHZMBhelpstheareas'development.Itcandeveloptheeconomy（經(jīng)濟(jì)）ofHongKong,MacaoandnineGuangdongcities.（1）WhendidtheHZMBopen?OnOctober24，2009.OnNovember24，2009.OnOctober24，2018.OnDecember24，2018.（2）whatdoestheunderlinedword"withstand"meaninChinese?堅(jiān)守躲避減輕承受ThebridgecanhelpthethreeareasinmanywaysEXCEPT.developingtheeconomyofthethreeareasB．makingthethreeareashavefewerearthquakesC．makinglocalcitiesandthethreeareasclosertogetherD．shorteningthetravelingtimefromHongKongtoZhuhai(4)HowlongdoesittaketotravelfromHongKongtoZhuhaiaccordingtothepassage？A．About45minutes．B．About55minutes．C．About2hours．D．About4hours．(5)WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thebridgeis55kilometerslong．B．ConstructionontheHZMBbeganin2009．C．TheservicelifeoftheHzMBis20yearsshorterthanmostbridge．D．Inonesection，theunderseatunnelpassesthroughtwomanmadeislands．(1)A(2)D(3)B(4)A(5)C(二)Whenitcomestohelpingdevelopingcountries，weoftenthinkaboutofferingmoneyinorderthattheycanbuildschoolsandhospitals，buyfoodandmedicine，orfindcleanwatersupplies.Theseseemtobethemostimportantbasicneedsintheirlives.However，it'sfarfromenough.Wehavetocomeupwithbetterideas.AmancalledNicholasNegroponteinventedacheaplaptopcomputer，whichhedecidedtoinventafterhevisitedaschoolinCambodia.ThelaptopwhichMr.Negropontehasdesignedisnotthesameasthenormalonethatyoucanbuyintheshops.Onedifferenceisthatitwillbecoveredinrubbersothatitisstrongandwon'tbedamagedeasily.Asanelectricitysupplycanbeaproblemindevelopingcountries，thecomputeralsohasaspecialhandleinorderthatchildrencanwindthecomputeruptogiveitextrapowerwhenneeded.Thisspeciallaptopcomputerwillcostlessthan100USdollarsandMr.Negropontewantstoproduceasmanyas15millionlaptopcomputersinthefirstyear.Theideaisthatthesecomputerswillhelpthechildren'seducationastheywillbeabletoaccesstheInternet.Thesecomputersmightnotbenefitthepeopleindevelopingcountriesimmediately，butbyimprovingchildren'seducationtheyshouldhelppeopletofindtheirownsolutionstotheirproblemsinthelongterm.Anotherideatohelpchildrenindevelopingcountriesistorecycleoldmobilephonessothatheycanbeusedagain.IntheUK.andprobablyinmanyothercountriestoo，millionsofmobilephonesarethrownawayeveryyear.Thewastecrestedbythrowingawaytheeoldphonesisverybedfortheenvironment，soitseemstobeanexcellentideatoachievetwoimportantgoalsatthesametime，Wewillreducethewasteweproduceandhelpothers.Inotherwords,wewillbeableto"killtwobirdswithone”andthatisalwaysagoodthing.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。Theunderlinedphrase"windup"inparagraph2means。A.吹風(fēng)B.給......上發(fā)條C.搖上D.利用空氣......使......ThelaptopcomputerthatMr.NegropontehasdesignedwillbedamagedmucheasierthanthenormalonehasaspecialhandletoaccesstheInternet

ischeapandcanrunwithextrapowercanbehelpfultofindthepeople'sownsolutionsAccordingtothepassage，whatbenefitcanwegetfromrecyclingoldmobilephones?Wecanreducethewastetoprotecttheenvironment.Wecanhelpchildrenindevelopingcountriesreusetheoldmobilephones.itisgoodfortheenvironmentandveryeducativeforphoneusers.Itnotonlyreducesthewasteproducedbydevelopedcountriesbutalsohelpsthechildrenindevelopingcountries.Mr.Negroponte'scheapcomputerismentionedinthepassageto.A.illustratethekindnessofpeopleinthedevelopedcountriestelluswhathightechnologycanhelppeopleshowhowtofindbusinessopportunitiesindevelopingcountriesgiveanexampleofhowtohelpdevelopingcountriesWhichisthebestideatheauthorgivesustohelpthedevelopingcountries?Weneedtohelppeopleindevelopingcountriestohelpthemselves，notjustthrowmoneyattheproblem.Weshouldspendmuchmoneyhelpingpeopleindevelopingcountriesbuildmoreschoolsandhospitals.Weshouldthinkaboutgivinghelptodevelopingcountriesmoreoften.Weshouldhelpthepeopleindevelopingcountriesbyimprovingchildren'seducationimmediately.（三）1-5.BCDDA（三）Dubai（迪拜）isagoodplacetotravelto.There,youcanfindmanytallbuilding,tastelotsofdeliciousfoodandexperiencesomeinterestingthings.Haveyoueverbeentothiscity?IfyougotoDubaiduringthesummerholiday,youmayseespecialkindof“taxi".Itisadrone（無(wú)人機(jī)）.Itfliesintheskybyitself!ItissaidthatDubaiplanstouseChinese-madedronesasaself-flyingairtaxiinJuly.ThedronetaxiisnamedEHang184.AChinesecompany（）madeit.ThecityofDubaiwillstartusingitinJuly.Itwillbetheworld'sfirstpassengerdrone,accordingtoYahooNews.Thedronetaxicanflyupto3,500metershigh.Itcanflyatatopspeedof160kilometersanhour.Itcanonlytakeoneperson.HowdoyoucallanEhang184?Youuseitsapp（應(yīng)用程序）onyourphone.Whenthedronecomes,youchoosetheplaceyouwanttogotoonatouchscreen.Thereisnopilotinthedrone.Butsomepeopleonthegroundwillbewatchingit.Theywillmakesureyourtripissafe.Youdon'thavetoworryaboutit.EHang184'sbattery（電池）canonlykeepabout30minutes.Soitcannottakeyoufurtherthan50kilometers.Wouldyouliketotakeatripinthisflyindrone?Don'twait.Let'sgo!EHang184wasmadebya（n）company.A.Dubai'sB.AmericanC.JapaneseD.ChineseWhichstatement（陳述）aboutEHang184iscorrect?A.Thereisapilotinit.B.It'sbatterycankeeparoundhalfanhour.C.Itcanflyupto4,500kilometers.D.Thetripinitisn'tsafe.Wheremaywefindthisarticle?OntheInternet.B.Inaguidebook.C.Inastorybook.D.Inanovel.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?TheExcitingVacationB.TheSpecialTripC.TheDroneTaxiD.TheComputerCompanyDBAC四）

OnApril26,2017,abigChineseshipcaughttheeyesofthewholeworld.China'sfirsthomemadeaircraftcarrier（航空母艦）hitthewaterinDalian,Liaoning.ThenewbigshipisChina'ssecondaircraftcarrier.ItwasdesignedinChinaandbuiltinChina,too.Itisabout315meterslongand75meterswide.Thatisabitlargerthanthreesoccerfields.Anaircraftcarrierislikeanairportonthesea.Itcancarryplanesandtroopstowar.Planesflyfromthecarrierandlandbackonit,andsoldiersworkandliveonit,too.ButbuildinganAnaircraftcarrierislikeanairportonthesea.Itcancarryplanesandtroopstowar.Planesflyfromthecarrierandlandbackonit,andsoldiersworkandliveonit,too.Butbuildinganaircraftcarrierissohardandexpensive.Itcostsalotofmoneyandneedsalargeamountofsteelandotherspecialmaterials.Forexample,abasicaircraftcarrierismadeof60,000tonsofsteel.Italsousescomplex（復(fù)雜的）technologies,includingradar,electrics,mechanicsandweapons.Finally,ittakesyearstobuildone.Today,notmanycountriesownanaircraftcarrierorhavetheabilitytobuildone.Chinahasbecometheseventhcountryintheworldthatcanbuildanaircraftcarrierbyitself,aftertheUSA,Russia,England,France,ItalyandSpain.InwhichyeardidChina'sfirsthomemadeaircraftcarrierhitthewater?In2017.B.In2016.C.In2018.D.In2019.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?AnAirportontheSeaChinaHasBoughttheSecondAircraftCarrierChina'sHomemadeAircraftCarrierTheSixthCountrytoBuildanAircraftCarverWhatisnotneededtobuildtheaircraftcarrier?A.specialmaterialsB.technologiesC.steelD.woodHowmanyaircraftcarriersdoesChinahaveaccordingtothepassage?A.oneB.twoC.threeD.

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.fourHowdoesthewriterfeelaboutthehomemadeaircraftcarrierinChina?A.proudB.worriedC.upsetD.hopelessACDBA（五）Whatwilltheworldofthefuturebelike?Thereareplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogivetheiropinionofwhatwewillbedoingin2050.Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.becomeareality.Whenwedreamaboutthefuture,manyliketothinkofowningapersonalflyingcar.Theadvantagesareobvious.Thistechnologywouldallowtotalfreedomofmovement.Wecouldflyat480kmperhour,avoidingtrafficlightsandbusyroads.However,somepeoplebelievetherewillbeproblemswithtrafficcontrol.Ifthecarsbecomepopular,thereislikelytobeairtrafficjam.Anotherbigproblemismechanicalfailure.Whatwillhappenifthecarsstopworking?Theseareproblemswemustexpectifflyingcarsbecomeareality.Three-dimensionalprintingisanothernewtechnologywithexcitingpossibilities.3DprintersareusedtobuildanobjectwithliquidplasticTheybuildtheobjectlayerbylayeruntilitiscomplete.Carcompaniesalreadyuse3Dprinterstomakelife-sizemodelsofcarparts,andmedicalcompaniesusethetechnologytomakeman-madebodyparts.Aswemoveintothefuture,3Dprintingwillrevolutionizethewayweshop,thewaywemanufactureandthewaywetreatsickpeople.Thedisadvantageisthatsuchequipmentwillbeextremelyexpensive.Sointhefuture,wemightbeabletoflytoworkorprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecancertainlydreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierandsaferformillionsofpeople.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Environmentalprotection.Theworldoftomorrow.Advantagesoftechnology.Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A.Somepeoplethinktechnologydevelopmentmaybringnewproblems3Dprintingcanbringgreatchangestoourlifeanditsequipmentischeap.Theflyingcarswon'tbringairtrafficjamevenwhentheybecomepopular.Whatisthecorrectstructureofthepassage?（P1=Paragraph1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"referto?A.Carcompanies.3Dprint.Bodyparts.Wecaninferthatthewriteraboutthefuturelifewithtechnology.A.doesn'tcareB.feelshopefulC.feelsdisappointed1-5BAABB（六）（10分）Doyouknowwhenandwhereicecreamwascreated?Ithasalongandinterestinghistory．TheearliesticecreamwaseateninChinamanycenturiesago．Peopleatthattimewouldputorangejuiceontheiceorgetsomethingcooltodrink．Later，thisideatraveledtoItaly．Around1660，itwaspopulartoserveicecreamincoffeeshopsinParis．MostoftheshopswereownedbyItalians．Amongthem，thefirstsuccessfulonebelongedto（屬于）amannamedFrancescoProcopius．IcecreamwasbroughttoAmericaintheearly1700s，anditquicklybecamethefavoriteofAmericans．PresidentGeorgeWashingtonhadicecreampot(s罐)andmachinesinhiskitchen．DollyMadison，thewifeofPresidentMadison，wasthefirstonetoserveitintheWhiteHouse．Shemadeherguestsveryhappywhensheservedsuchdesserts(甜品).Beforeicecreamwassoldinstores．itwasmadeandkeptataverylowtemperaturefirst．Ittookalotofworktomixcream，eggs，fruitandice．NancyJohnson，anAmericanwomanwhowasgoodatmachines，inventedtheicecreamfreezerin1846.Fiveyearslater.JacobFlusellopenedthefirsticecreamfactoryinBaltimore，Maryland．Herbusinessquicklycametootherstates．TodayintheUnitedStates，icecreamisnotonlyakindoffood，butalsoawayoflife．Theearliesticecreamwastheicewithonorsomethingcooltodrink．A．orangejuiceB．a(chǎn)pplejuiceC．watermelonjuiceTheownerofthefirstsuccessfulcoffeeshopinPariswasa(n).A．FrenchmanB．AmericanC．ItalianTheunderlinedword"freezer"meansinChinese.品種B．冰柜C．配方WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．In1700．icecreamcametotheWhiteHouse．B．In1846，manyicecreamfactoriesopenedC．TodayicecreammeansalottoAmericansThebesttitleforthispassageis"".A．theHistoryofIceCreamB．IceCreaminAmericaC．BusinessonIceCream(1)A．(2)C．(3)B．(4)C．(5)A．(七)Whatareyouholdinginyourhandwhileyouaretakingtheexamination?Right.Apen.Thoughitissmall,thepenhaschangedthehistory,improvedthetradeofcountries,recordedevents,carriednews,anddonefarmoreworkforhumanbeingsthanallothertools.Progresswithoutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossible.Theinventionofthewheels,theintroductionofsteamengine(蒸汽機(jī)),theuseofelectricity,allthesehavechangedthelivesofmillionsofpeople,butthepenhasdonemore.Ithastakenawaymountains,andithaspreparedthewayforallprogressanddevelopmentofthesociety.Inthepastthependidalltheworkifyouwantedtokeepanywritingforsometime.Thelawyerstookuptheirpensandwrotethelawofthecountryfromthedayswhenpapyrus(紙莎草紙)wasfirstused.Themostfamouslettersintheworldwerewrittenwithapen.Itwaswithapenthatthegreatestthinkersofalltimewrotedowntheirthoughts.Thepenisveryutilitarian.Wecannotsignabillorwritealetterorbuyahousewithoutourpen.Anagreementisworthlesstillournameiswrittenwithapen.Thewritersencouragetheworldwithit.Thestudentstaketheirexaminationswithitaswell.Ourcomingintotheworldisrecordedwithapen.Beforewehavebeenatschool,ournameiswrittenonthenamelistwithapen.Wecannotbemarriedtillwehavesigned.Apenrecordstheimportanteventsinourlife.Letusrememberthatweholdinourhandthemostpowerfulinstrumentwhichmanowns.Thepenisamagictool.Wheneveryouuseit,enjoyit.Whatisthewritertryingtodointhispassage?Describewhatapenlookslike.B.Introducethehistoryofthepen.C.Advisepeopletoprepareanewpen.D.Showtheimportanceofthepen.Theword“mountains"inthethirdparagraphrefersto（指代）“somethingtoA.explaintheuseofelectricityB.lowerthestudents'scoresC.stopthesocialdevelopmentD.changethelawofthecountryThelawyersstartedtowritethelawofthecountry.beforetheirthoughtswerechangedB.whenpapyruswasfirstusedC.assoonastheyrecordedtheirnamesD.aftertheytookanimportantexamTheunderlinedword“utilitarian"inthepassagemeans“”.cheapB.boringC.specialD.usefulWhatisthebesttitleforthispassage?APowerfulToolB.AnImportantLawC.AValuableRecordD.AnExcitingEvent1-5DCBDA（八）CThousandsofyearsago,Britainwascoveredbythickforests,hometomanyanimalswhichnolongerliveintheUnitedKingdom.Therewerewolvesandbears,manydifferentkindsofdeerandlargewildcows.Therewerelessthanfourmillionpeople.Theylivedinsmallvillagesprotectedbywoodenwallsfromtheanimals

outside.Allthishaschanged,ofcourse.NowthepopulationoftheUnitedKingdomhasincreasedtosixty-fivemillion.Three-quartersofBritainiscoveredwithfields,townsorcities.Although25percentoflandiscountryside,newmethodsoffarmingmeanthattherearefewerbirdsandsmallanimalslivinginfieldsthaneverbefore.TheUnitedKingdomisoneofthefewcountriesintheworldthatdoesnothavealargewildanimalthateatsmeat.InScotlandthereareonly400wildcats,butthesearemuchsmallerthanwolves.Somepeoplewouldliketochangethings,however!SomeorganizationsandwriterssaythatBritainneedstobecomemorenaturalagain.TheysuggestthattreesandplantsthatgrewintheUKbeforetownsandcitieswerebuiltshouldbeallowedtogrowagain.TheyevensaythatlargewildanimalswhichhavenotlivedintheUKshouldbehelpedtoreturnandlivewild.Theycallthis“rewilding”.WordBankorganization組織attack攻擊opinion觀點(diǎn)WordBankorganization組織attack攻擊opinion觀點(diǎn)根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。WhatwasthepopulationoftheUKthousandsofyearsago?About25million.B.Over65million.C.Morethan61million.D.Notmorethanfourmillion.WhyaretherefewerbirdsandsmallanimalsinfieldsintheUK?A.Becausemoretreeshavebeenplanted.Becausetherearemorelargewildanimals.Becausepollutionismuchworsethanbefore.Becausepeopleusenewmethodsoffarming.3Whichparagraphgivesopinionsfrom“rewilding"supporters?A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.4.Whataresomepeopleagainst?A.Livingclosertonature.Plantingmoreandmoretrees.Helpinglargewildanimalsreturn.Buildingmorevillagesandtowns.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.MakingBritainwildagainC.AnintroductiontoBritain1-5DDCCA（D）Doyouoftenrunoutdoorstokeephealthy？Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowrunninghelpstocleanuptheearth？Sometimesacreativemindcanbringusawin-win雙贏）situation.Plogging,anewwaytoexercise,beganinSweden（瑞典）.Thename“plogging”comesfromtwowords一theSwedish（瑞典的）word“plocka",whichmeans“topickup（撿起）”,andtheword“jogging”,whichmeans"torunslowly".ASwedishmancalledErikstartedthemovement.Hesawrubbishhereandtherewhenridingtoworkeachday.Hebecameworriedaboutthedirtyenvironmentanddecidednottogotoworkbybikeanymore.Instead,hebegantoruntoworkandpickuptherubbishatthesametime.Tohisjoy,moreandmorepeoplefollowedhimandsoonploggingbecamepopular.Manypeoplechooseplogginginsteadofjustjoggingbecausetheythinkploggingisagoodwaytohelpcleanuptheearth.Sometimesrubbishisdifficulttocollectbecauseitmayscatterallaround.Butiftherunnerspickuptherubbishontheway,itisquitedifferent.Afterall,manyhandsmakelightwork.Anotherreasonisthatploggingburnsmorecalories卡路里).Accordingtoaresearch,loggingfor10minutesburns48calories,whileusualjoggingfor10minutesburnsabout39calories.Everyoneontheearthshouldplayapartincleaningitup!It'stimeforustotakeactiontogether.Soready?Letsplogtomorrow!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。答案：46—50CACACTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()1.Theunderlined(劃線的)word"scatter"inthepassagemeans“”inChinese.A.爆炸B.集中C.散落()2.AfterEriksawmuchrubbish,.hebecameworriedhekeptridingtoworkeverydayhedidn'tcareanddidnothingaboutit(3.Peoplechooseploggingbecause.therearetoomanybikesinthecityridingbikesisharmfultotheirhealthitcanhelpcleanuptheearthandbummorecalories()4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtot