大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 課件1：unit7讀寫(xiě)譯

Unit7

SectionA:FacetoFacewithGunsSectionB:ShouldIHaveaGun

LearningObjectives1.Violencecrime:

Explorethepossiblereasons,typicalforms,andtheconstructivesolutions.(oralworkbasedonunderstandingofthepassages)2.Presentationofdetails:

Notethewriterpresentsit’sdetailswithasetofsequentialactionstobringoutthemainideaorthemostimportantmessage.(Writing)3.Criticalreading:

Readingbetweenthelinestounderstandtheauthor’sviewdespitetheirindirectexpressing.4.English-ChineseTranslationskills:

Understanding,expressingandmeaning-translation.Brainstorming

Workingroupsandmakealistofwordsassociatedwithcrimes.

theft,robbery,murder,smuggling,rape,arson,corruption,gambling,drugabuse,mugging,bribery,prostitution,etc.

RecognizeDifferentGunsPistolAirgunShotgunRifleSniperrifleMachinegunSubmachinegunRevolverPre-readingactivity1.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgun-availableinAmerica?Giveyourreasons.2.Whatdoyouthinkareeffectivewaystopreventhouserobberies?3.Whatdoyouthinkareeffectivewaystopreventhouserobberies?1.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgun-availableinAmerica?Giveyourreasons.Pre-readingactivity

Firstgunscanprotectmefrombeinghurtbyothers,butseconditismoreeasilytobehurtbygun-holders.Forexample,robberywithguns.Gunisa

knifewithtwoblades.Sometimeswecanbenefitfromitbutsometimeswearevictimsanditisonereasonoftheinstabilityofthesociety.Poverty,unemployment,highdivorcerate,lackofknowledgeoflaws,racialdiscrimination,juveniledelinquency,generationgap,etc.Pre-readingactivity2.Whatarethecausesofsocialcrimes?

3.Whatdoyouthinkareeffectivewaystopreventhouserobberies?Youcaninstallanalarmsystem,hirestrongguardsandrememberthepolicephonenumber,sometimesyoucanraiseadogathomeifpossible.Theyarebitbybitdestroyingthebasicideasweholddear:ourfreedomtomoveabout;thefruitsoflabor;ourlivesandthoseofpeoplewevalue.ComprehensionQuestions1.WhatdidthewriterdowhilehewasputtingtheKFCboxontheplanterbesidethepathway?Hemanagedtothrowhishousekeysintoabush.2.Whyaremostvictimsofarmedattacksunabletoidentifytheiroffendersaccordingtothewriter?Becausetheyfocustheirattentiononthegunsratherthanontheirusersduringtheencounter.3.Whatdamagedotheseyoungmendotooursocietyaccordingtothewriter?Introduction

TextStructureHisreactionHisexperienceHisreflection(Para.1)

HemetayoungrobberwhenhewalkedoutofthegaragewithKFCchickeninhishand.(Paras.2~25)

Hewasrobbedsuddenlybuttherobbersdidn’tkillhimbecausetheysawfood.

(Paras.26~30)Hephonedthepolicestation.

(Paras.31~34)Hecalleduponthewholesocietytofindoutthedepthsofyouthcrimesandpreventfromtheircrimes.

1.But,asIwalkedoutofthegarage,KFCchickeninhand,aportly,unshavenyoungmaninastockingcapanddarknylonjacketemergedfromtheshrubbytheparkingpadandputhispistolbetweenmyeyes.(Line2)①

KFCchickeninhand:是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。②

emergefrom:comeintoview;comeout(from)出現(xiàn)“名詞或代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)”是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。幸運(yùn)的是他從這次事故中僥幸脫險(xiǎn)沒(méi)有受傷。Luckily,heemergedfromtheaccidentunharmed.仔細(xì)調(diào)查后出現(xiàn)了新的證據(jù)。Newevidenceemergedfromthecarefulinvestigation.Grammar如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)而自己擁有主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)（AbsoluteConstruction），亦稱(chēng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(NominativeAbsoluteConstruction)。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示伴隨狀況和動(dòng)作，還可以表示時(shí)間、原因和條件等。e.g.Hesattheresilently,hisheadbending.

他坐在那里一言不發(fā)，頭低著。（表示狀態(tài)）IhadaninterviewwiththeJapanese,Mr.Zhaoactingasinterpreter.Theyoungpeoplewantedtofight,theirsleevesrolledup.我和那日本人有個(gè)會(huì)見(jiàn)，趙先生充當(dāng)口譯.（表動(dòng)作）那群年輕人挽起袖子想打架.（表伴隨）Completethefollowingsentences.

Theteachercameintotheclassroom,___________________________.

老師手里拿著試卷走進(jìn)教室。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,________________________.

他夾著本厚書(shū)，走出了圖書(shū)館。3)Heshoutedwithexcitementforthesuccessoftheoperation,______________.

手術(shù)成功了，他興奮地叫著，眼里含著眼淚。theexaminationpaperinhandalargebookunderhisarmtearsinhiseyes(1)ThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans____trouble.AmakingBtomakeCtohavemadeDhavingmade(2)Somanydirectors______theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff.AwereabsentBbeeabsentChadbeenabsentDbeingabsent(3)Allflights______becauseoftheterribleweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain.AhavingbeencanceledBhadbeencanceledChavingcanceledDwerecanceled

DABGrammarExercise(4)Herparents_____,shefeltlonelyinsuchabighouse.AgoingabroadBhadbeengoneabroadChavingbeengoneabroadDhavinggoneabroad(5)Theydetectedgoldandotherpreciousmetalswithamachine_______undertheground.AplacingBplaceCplacedDbeingplaced

DD2.Hisdarkeyesshonelikepolishedglass;hisarmsandlegsmovedunexpectedly,asif

attachedtounseenwires.(Line22)①“asif…”引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此處省略了“theywere”;asif:意為“好像，似乎”，當(dāng)它表示明知事實(shí)真相，卻說(shuō)與事實(shí)不同的情況時(shí)句子應(yīng)該使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。整句話(huà)由兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。e.g.湯姆看起來(lái)很鎮(zhèn)靜，就好像他說(shuō)的是真的。Tomlookscalmandsteadyasif(hewere)tellingthetruth.我清楚地記得所有的一切，就好像昨天發(fā)生的一樣。Irememberthewholethingclearly,asif(it)happenedyesterday.年輕人跳了起來(lái)，就好像被從夢(mèng)中驚醒。Theyoungmanjumpedtohisfeet,asif(hewere)awakenedfromadream.1)Passengersshouldattachalabelto

theirluggagebeforesendingit.托運(yùn)之前乘客們必須在行李上貼上標(biāo)簽。2)Weshouldattachprimaryimportancetothedevelopmentofeconomy.我們要把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的工作放在第一位。3)Pro.Smithwasattachedtothemedicalcollegeasaguestprofessorfortwoyears.史密斯教授在醫(yī)學(xué)院當(dāng)了兩年的客座教授。②

attachto:fixsth.tosth.,jointo連接······上，系上“attachto”在不同句中為不同意思，翻譯時(shí)需要注意。I’veseenenoughcriminaltrialstoknowvictimsofarmedattacksareseldomabletoidentifytheiroffendersbecausetheirattentionfocusesontheguns,ratherthanontheirusers.(Line25)ratherthan:insteadof;incontrastto(是···)而不是···，(寧可···)而不愿···

e.g.休息放松時(shí)，我想看輕松的節(jié)目而不是嚴(yán)肅的節(jié)目。

我喜歡在家看電視而不愿去電影院。與其讓蔬菜爛掉，他寧可半價(jià)賣(mài)了。Whenrelaxingmyself,Iwanttoseefunnyprogramsratherthanseriousones.IprefertostayathometowatchTVratherthantogotomovies.Ratherthanallowthevegetablestogobad,hesoldthemathalfprice.4.

Ihadbeen

spared

,butbywhat?Mercy?Ashortattention

span

?Hunger?(Line42)

Ifapersonis“spared“,heisnotharmed,althoughsomeoneorsomethingthreatenedhimorharmedotherpeople.e.g.Wehavelosteverything,butthankGod,ourliveshavebeenspared.

我們失去了一切，可是感謝上帝，我們保住了性命?！癝pare”canbealsousedinthesenseof“affordtogive”Iforgottobringanymoneyforlunch.Canyousparethreedollars?

我忘記帶午飯錢(qián)了，你能給我三美元嗎？Span:n.thefulltimeforwhichanythinglastsOveraspanof5years,alotofhigh-riseshavebeenbuiltinShanghai;youcanhardlyidentifythecitynow.

在五年中，上海建起了許多高樓，你現(xiàn)在幾乎認(rèn)不出這個(gè)城市了。5.“Howpeculiar,”Ithought,“tohaveyourlifesavedbyfriedchicken.Isaweternity;theysawfood.”(Line43)“haveyourlifesaved…”是havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu)，直譯為“使某事被做”。這里的done是過(guò)去分詞，過(guò)去分詞通常是表過(guò)去、被動(dòng)。[C]

havesb.dosth.:

讓某人做某事；

havesb.doingsth.:讓某人一直做某事。TheengineinTom'scarcouldn'tberepaired,sohehadto_____________________.(anewengine/fit)2)A:Whataretheseworkmendoinginyourgarden?B:Oh,Iam__________________________.(aswimming-pool/build)3)I______________________(myhair/cut).haveanewenginefittedhavingaswimming-poolbuilthavemyhaircut6.Hesaidthepair’smethodssuggestedtheymightbethesamemenwhohadcommittedanumberofrobberiesintheareaoverthepastfewmonths.(Line50)當(dāng)suggest意為“建議”時(shí)后常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should

+

動(dòng)詞原型）。此處意為“說(shuō)明，表明”，引導(dǎo)的從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1)信封的形狀說(shuō)明信可能是一位女士所寄。Theshapeoftheenvelopesuggestedthatthelettermightbefromalady.2)他的態(tài)度說(shuō)明他對(duì)這次英語(yǔ)演講比賽非常重視。HisattitudesuggestedthatheattachedgreatimportancetothisEnglishspeechcontest.3)他建議我們馬上出發(fā)。Hesuggestedus(should)startoutatonce.7.Together,theseyoungmenareakindofriver—onethatisoutofcontrol,eatingatthefoundationsofthingsweholddear…(Line59)“…theseyoungmenareakindofriver…”此處作者用了隱喻的手法，把那些年輕人比作一條失去控制的河流。比喻是寫(xiě)作中的常用手法，分為明喻(simile)和暗喻。暗喻或隱喻(metaphor)往往不使用“l(fā)ike”,“as”等詞。通過(guò)比喻可以使文章顯得生動(dòng)形象。1)Agoodbookisagoodfriend.好書(shū)是益友。2)Experienceisthebestteacher.經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師。3)Alltheworldisastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.(WilliamShakespeare——整個(gè)世界是座舞臺(tái)，男男女女，演員而已。)4)Educationisnotthefillingofapail,butthelightingofafire.(WilliamB.Yeats——教育不是注滿(mǎn)一桶水，而是點(diǎn)燃一把火。)漢譯英并指出暗喻部分。metaphormetaphormetaphormetaphor1.Facetoface

withGuns(Title)

facetoface:

closetoandlookingatsomeoneorsomething課堂授課是與學(xué)生面對(duì)面交流的一種方式。Classroominstructionisonewaytocommunicatefacetofacewithstudents.2)FacetoFaceisawell-receivedTVprograminCCTV-NewsChannel.《面對(duì)面》是中央電視臺(tái)新聞?lì)l道一檔深受歡迎的節(jié)目。2.Thatnightwasnoexception.

(Line2)

exception:

n.apersonorthingthatisnotincluded1)大多數(shù)兒童都喜歡看《哈里·波特》系列讀物，但比爾是個(gè)例外。MostchildrenpreferreadingHarryPotterseries,butBillisanexception.2)所有新鮮蔬菜無(wú)一例外含有豐富的維生素C。AllfreshvegetablescontainsomevitaminCwithnoexception.3.“Where’syourmoney?Where’syourmoney?”hebarked.(Line9)bark:n.1)theoutsideofatree2)thesoundproducedbyadog

v.speaktosomeoneinaloudvoicewithanangryoraggressivetonethatsoundslikeadogbarking

Teacher:

Whatdoyoucalltheoutsideofatree,Tom?

Student:

Sorry.Idon’tknow,sir.

Teacher:

Bark,boy,

bark.

Student:

Bowwowwow.4.Everythinghesaidduringourencounterwasrepeated;

instinctively,Ididthesame.(Line9)instinctively:

ad.withoutthinkingandwithouthavingbeingtaught地震發(fā)生時(shí)，人們的本能反應(yīng)是跑出那幢大樓。1)Whentheearthquakeoccurred,people’sinstinctiveresponsewastorunoutofthebuilding.

2)Almostalltheanimalsprotecttheiryounginstinctively.幾乎所有動(dòng)物都本能地保護(hù)幼獸。3)Justbeforethecollision,heburiedhisfaceintohishandsbyinstinct.碰撞發(fā)生前，他本能地以手掩面。5.“Here,”Ireplied,extendingmyleftarmsideways.(Line19)

extend:v.

reachout;lengthen1)Onegestureistoextendarmshorizontally.一種手勢(shì)是將雙臂平伸。2)Thisminibusroutewillsoonbe

extendedtothenewresidentialarea.這條小巴線(xiàn)路很快將延伸到新住宅區(qū)。3)Hegetshisvisaextended.他續(xù)簽簽證。辨析Distinguishthewordswithsimilarmeanings.

1)

Thecomputercompany

quickly.2)Howcouldyou

thecomputersales?3)He

hishand,andMartinshookit.[C]

enlarge:

makesize,area,volume,capacity,etc.larger

increase:growinnumber,power,wealth,etc.

expand:becomeormakelargerinvolumePleasefillintheblankswith“extend”,“enlarge”,“expand”,or“increase”.4)Couldyougetthispicture

?expandedincreaseextendedenlarged辨析Sampleparagraphfromthepassage(para.28)

Igottomyfeet,foundthekeys,enteredandcalled911.Theoperatortookadescriptionoftherobbersandsentapolicecar.Ipouredastiffdrinkand,soon,twouniformedofficersoftheLAPDarrived.Theytookareportandadmittedthe“importantthing”wasnobodywashurt.ASetofSequentialActionsWhatisthedifferencebetweenthewritingofsequentialactionsandthatoftimesequence?Theirdifferenceisthatsequentialactionslaystressonasetofactionswhiletimesequenceemphasizesthetimeorderoftenwithtimesignals.Thesetofactionsleadingtothemainidea:Icalled911;theoperatortookadescriptionandsentapolicecar;soon,twouniformedofficersarrived;theytookareport.Attention:

Sequentialactionsarenormallysetupinorderofimportanceandthelastonenormallyismostimportanttothemessagethewriterwantstoexpress.Mainidea:

Hereportedtothepolice.Homework:Writeoneshortparagraphtitled“Iwonagoldmedalfordiving”.(pp.158)SectionB

ShouldIHaveaGun?ReadingSkills:ReadingBetweenthelines

Readingbetweenthelinesmeansdrawingunderstandingabouttheauthor’sideasfromwhatiswrittenandfromwhatisnotwritten.Writersdon’talwaysexpressalltheirthoughtsopenly,eitherasamatterofstyle,orbecausetheyassumeweknowandsharetheiropinions---orbecausetheyaren’tsurehowtoexpressthemselves.Todrawinferencesabouttheauthor’swehavetobeverycarefulwithwhatisadvisedinthefollowingReadingskill