賓語從句講解

Unit2SectionAGrammarFocusReviewTheshapeofontheMid-Autumnnighttraditionalfolkstoriesshootdownliveforeverflyuptothemooncalloutone’snamelayout以......形狀在中秋之夜傳統(tǒng)的民間故事?lián)袈溟L生不老；永生向上飛向月亮大聲叫喊某人的名字擺開；布置Objectclauseswith

that,ifandwhether一、賓語從句的概念

在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。Ilikeyou(賓語）.Hisbooksarebeautiful.(賓語）

WeknowthatMrGreenteachesEnglish.SheaskedifhelikesEnglish.二、賓語從句的引導詞

引導詞（連接詞）that/if/whether/who/which/whose/when/where/why/how語序:陳述句語序Areyouapupil?—youareapupil.DoyoulikeLyf?—youlikeLyf.Doeshegotoschool?—hegoestoschool.Doesshehaveabook?---shehasabook.DidMJdohomework?—MJdidhomework.DidhegotoBJ？——hewenttoBJ.HaveyougonetoBJ?----hehasgonetoBJ.Willtheyeatfood?-------theywilleatfood.

—I

think

that

theSpringFestivalisreallyfun.

I

wanttoknowwho

heis.Iwonder

which

bookhewantedtobuy

Iwonder

if

youliketheSpringFestival.Idon’tknowwhether

youlikedumplings.三：賓語從句結構：主語+think/believe/wonder/know+that/if/whether/which/where/when/who/what/how+從句(陳述句語序）

從句形式：一：當從句為陳述句時候：由that引導，從句保持陳述語序。主語+謂語動詞(think/believe/wonder/know)+that+從句Iknowthatheisadoctor.Hethinksthatmybookisold.二：當從句為一般疑問句時候，由if/whether引導，從句保持陳述語序。主語+謂語動詞(think/believe/wonder/know)+if/whether+從句Doyoustudyforatest?1,首先變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序：youstudyforatest.2,由if/whether引導3.Iwanttoknowifyoustudyforatest?Didyoustudyforatest?------youstudiedforatest.Heaskedifyouyoustudiedforatest?三：特殊疑問詞的賓語從句

主語+think/wonder等+what/where/when/who/which/how+陳述句語序Whatdoyouhave?-----whatyouhaveWhatdidyouhave?------whatyouhadWhatdoeshehave?-----whathehasWheredidyougo?-----whereyouwentWheredidyouplay?-----whereyouplayedWhichbookdoyoubuy?----whichbookyouboughtWhichbookdoeshebuy?-----whichbookhebuys.Iwonderwhatyouhave?Iwonderwhichbookyoubought?選出哪個是賓語從句√√√TheseplanetwillproducefoodandoxygenthatweneedtoliveonMars.ScientistswilldevelopplantsthatcangrowonMars.PeoplethinkthathumansonMarshavetowearspecialbootstomakethemselvesheavier.WeallknowthatMarsisaplanetinthesolarsystem.ThejourneytoMarscouldtakeonlyaveryshorttimeinspaceshuttlesthattravelathalfthespeedoflight.SomescientistsdonotbelievethatthejourneytoMarswillbeverycomfortable.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmoves由that引導的賓語從句注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不充當成分，在口語當中往往省略。aroundthesunObjectclauseswiththatⅡ.if和whether引導賓語從句時，要注意賓語從句三要素，即連詞、語序和時態(tài)。由于if和whether連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把從句語序改為陳述句語序。如：

DoesMrZhaoliveinRoom208?Couldyoutellme?→Couldyoutellmeif/whetherMrZhaolivesinRoom208?Doyouhavemuchmoney?Whatdoesthebabycatask?Heasksifhisfatherhasmuchmoney.AmIcool?Whatdoesthebabyask?Heasksif/whetherheiscool.Doyouloveme?Whatdidthegirlasktheyoungman?Sheaskedif/whethertheyoungmanlovedher.CanIfly?Whatdoesthebabywonder?Hewondersif/whetherhecanfly.Willyoutakemetothesky?WhatdoesthegirlasktheSpiderman?Sheasksif/whethertheSpidermanwilltakehertothesky.賓語從句屬于名詞性從句。在句子中起名詞作用，相當于一個名詞詞組，在全句中充當主句的賓語連接詞原句句式解析例句that原句是陳述句that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。①Hesaid(that)hewasfromJapan．②Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.③Iamsure(that)hisdreamwillcometrue.if/whether

原句是一般疑問句if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。在口語中常用if。注：與ornot連用時須用whether，不能用if。①Idon’tknowwhether/ifhehasfinishedhiswork．②Ican’tsaywhetherornot

hecancomeontime．1.Iwonder_________you’llhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow______theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_________he’llgohomenow.4.Idon’tknow________mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_________ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhetherif/whetherthatwhetherwhetherthat介詞后用whether。whether與ornot連用連詞that不能省略的幾種情況在由that引導的賓語從句中，由于連詞that只起引導功能，無具體意義，不擔當任何成份，因此在口語或非正式的文體中常可省略。然而，大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導的賓語從句中，that則不能省略。1.從句的主語是that。如：

Hesaysthatthatisarealking’shat.

他說那是一個真的王冠。2.that從句中含有主從復合句。如：

I’mafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.3.主、從句之間有插入語時。如：

Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplays.

卡片上寫著，它是古代演戲用的。4.若出現(xiàn)兩個或兩上以上的由that引導的賓語從句，且由并列連詞連接時，只有第一個連詞that可以省略。如：

Shesaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherson.

她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。Ⅰ.if和whether引導賓語從句時，作“是否”講，一般情況下，二者沒有區(qū)別，可以換用。但if常用于口語中，whether比較正式。如：

Millieaskedif/whetherhelikedthissweater.

米莉問他是否喜歡這件毛衣。

Thefishermanwantstoknowif/whetheritwillrain.

漁民想知道天是否會下雨。Objectclauseswithifandwhether由if/whether引導的賓語從句Ⅲ.if和whether的區(qū)別二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：1.賓語從句置于句首表示強調(diào)時，應用whether，不用if。如：

Whetherthisistrueornot,I’mnotsure.

這是否是真的，我不確定。2.賓語從句與ornot直接連用時，應用whether，不能用if。如：

Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcometomorrow.

我不知道他明天是否來。3.與動詞不定式連用時，只能用whether。如：

Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.

她不能決定是否去美國。4.從句作介詞賓語時，只能用whether。如：

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

我擔心是否傷了她的感情。5.賓語從句的謂語動詞是否定形式時，只能用if，不能用whether。如：

Tomwantstoknowifshewon’tcomeheretomorrow.

湯姆想知道她明天是否不來這兒。6.if意為“假如，如果”時，可以引導條件狀語從句，而whether沒有這個用法。如：

IfSimoncomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.

假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。1.若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用任何所需時態(tài)。如：

Hewantstoknowif/whethertheyhadagoodjourneyhome.

他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。賓語從句中時態(tài)的變化1.Iwonder_________you’llhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow______theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_________he’llgohomenow.4.Idon’tknow________mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_________ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhetherif/whetherthatwhetherwhetherthat介詞后用whether。whether與ornot連用Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.她說她從周一至周五上班。（從句是一般現(xiàn)在時）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。（從句是一般將來時）Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她說她從來沒有去過峨嵋山。（從句是現(xiàn)在完成時）2.若主句是一般過去時，從句則用跟過去相關的時態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時、現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時、一般將來時為過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)變?yōu)檫^去完成時。

Didthetrainleave?Shedidn’tknow.→Shedidn’tknowif/whetherthetrainhadleft.從句時態(tài)改成相應的過去時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進行時一般過去時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成時過去進行時主句時態(tài)是過去時Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進行時)1.從句表達的是客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時2.從句中有明確表示過去時間的詞，則從句依然是一般過去時注意：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.HewonderedifyoustudiedintheUSAin1990.主句時態(tài)從句時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、祈使句時根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一種時態(tài)一般過去時與原句相對應的過去的時態(tài)客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語等一律用一般現(xiàn)在時賓語從句歌學習賓從三注意，時態(tài)語序和連詞。時態(tài)主從要呼應：主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)隨句意；主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)變過去；賓從若是表真理，時態(tài)不變無質(zhì)疑。語序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問句。That

連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。從句若表“是否”時，if/whether要慎記。特殊問句作賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。三個問題需牢記，切莫丟東忘了西。Writesentencesusingthewordsgiven.think/LanternFestival/beautifuldon’tknow/whether/he/comehome/forthefestivalIthinkthattheLanternFestivalisbeautiful.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomehomeforthefestival.4a4.wonder/if/mooncakes/deliciousIwonderifthemooncakesaredelicious.3.believe/WaterFestival/most/funIbelievethattheWaterFestivalisthemostfun.1.Idon'tknowifMr.Wang_____onafieldtrip.Ifhe_____onafieldtriptomorrow,pleasecallme.A.goes;willgoB.willgo;goesC.willgo;willgoD.goes;goes2.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenisitBBChoosetherightanswers.3.Theywonderediftheteacher______usEnglishthenextterm.A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught4.Theboyasked______anynoisefromoutside.A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheardC.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheardAB5.Ihaven’tdecide_____I’llgooutorstayathome.A.ifB.whenC.whyD.whether6.Iwanttoknow______helovesyou.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whoDC7.Iwondered_____ourteacherwasgoingtoattendourparty.A.whetherB.whatC.whereD.that8.I’dliketoknow_____ornot.A.whetherwillhecomeB.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcomeD.ifhewillcomeAC根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子。1.我認為瑪麗不來了。

Idon’tthinkMary____________.2.山姆給我說他準備去上海。

Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijingtonight.willcome

was

leavingif/whether

改為含賓語從句的復合句1.Willthetrainarriveontime?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow__________thetrain_________ontime.2.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow___________Peter_________hereyesterday.willarriveif/whether

cameif/whether

1.我們不知道我們能否在火星上種植植物。

Wearewondering__________________________________onMars.2.你能告訴我是不是有許多人打算搬到火星上去嗎？

Couldyoutellme_____________________

__________________toMars?whether/ifwecanif/whethermanypeoplearegoingtomovegrowplantsCompletethesentences.3.我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。

Idon'tknow_________________________anywashingathome.4.我擔心是否傷害了她的感情。

Iamworriedabout__________________

_________.whetherornothedoeswhetherIhurtherfeelings1.UncleWangcameuptosee__________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.2.Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather________ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.if/whetherwhether3.Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.4.________thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?whetherIf5.________theywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampionsonlytimewilltell.

WhetherCompletethesentenceswithif/whether.It’sgoodtoknow_____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that【答案】D【解析】考查名詞性從句。動詞know之后為賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that表陳述一件實事。()—Doyouknow______tomorrow?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.YoumaysurftheInternet.A.whetherwillitrainB.ifitwillrain

C.whetherdoesitrainB典型例題()—Iwonder___________.—I'mafraidwe'llbelate.A.howwecanbeontimeB.whatwearegoingtodoC.whywegettoschoollate D.ifwewillarriveatthemeetingontimeD()OvertheseyearsIhavehadanewunderstandingof_____peopletraditionallycallaperfectperson.A.how B.what C.who D.whomA()Canyoutellme_____inthefuture?A.howlifewillbelikeB.howwilllifebelikeC.whatlifewillbelikeD.whatwilllifebelikeC()—Doyouknow_____?—AttheendofJuly.A.howsoonisyoursisterrunningbackhomeB.howoftenNancyfromherpenfriendC.whentheLondonOlympicGameswillbeheldD.whenwillthenewcomputergamecomeoutC()---Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?---Yes,Iamstillwondering_____.A.howisChinesepapercutmadeB.howwastheGreatWallbuiltinancienttimesC.whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD.whydotheChinesepeopleeatricedumplingsatDragonBoatFestivalC()Iwonder______.A.ifDrMastillworksontheORBISplaneB.howmuchdoesthetallestmanintheworldweighC.whenAudreyHepburnhadenteredthefilmindustryD.thatArmstrongwasthefirstmantowalkonthemoonA()—Mum,canwegototheartmuseumtomorrow?—Sure.Butfirstweshouldfindout________.A.whatcanwedoB.wherewecangoC.howcanwegothereD.ifitwillbeopenD()Wedon’tknow_______themeetingwillbeheldsoon.A.when B.what

C.whether D.sinceC()Doyouknow______Guangzhoutomorrow?A.whethertheyleavefor

B.whetherwilltheyleaveforC.whethertheyareleavingforC()I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering______youcouldgowithme.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.whereA()—Doyouthink_____XiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I’venoidea.A.thatB.which

C.ifD.whetherD()Hesaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.A.hastravelled B.went

C.travels D.travelledC()Theywonder________robotswillmakehumanslosetheirjobsornot.A.thatB.ifC.whether()Ourphysicsteachertolduslight_______fasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.travelingD.totravelCA()

(2016·湖南衡陽)Myneighboraskedme_____Iheardthebignoiselastnightornot.A.whetherB.ifC.whatA中考鏈接()(2016·江蘇南京)---Areyougoingcampingthisafter?---Atyphooniscoming.I’mnotsure_____theroadtothemountainwill