Web開發(fā)基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

Web開發(fā)基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)Web開發(fā)基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)Web開發(fā)基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)本期上課實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間表（2015年9月9日周三）13:20-17:35機(jī)房4,6如果沒做完機(jī)房2,6晚上可用（2014年9月14日周一）13:20-17:35機(jī)房1,5（2014年9月21日周一）08:00-12:15機(jī)房1,2（2014年9月22日周二）08:00-12:15機(jī)房1,2（2014年9月24日周四）08:00-12:15機(jī)房1,2

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1#203上課9-149:50-12:15

1#203上課2021/4/132本課程內(nèi)容摘要網(wǎng)站開發(fā)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)網(wǎng)站環(huán)境構(gòu)建管理和配置網(wǎng)站HTML&CSSJavaScriptAsp服務(wù)端編程數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連結(jié)及訪問2021/4/133網(wǎng)站開發(fā)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)站的含義網(wǎng)站訪問的原理網(wǎng)頁(yè)的類型動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)站技術(shù)2021/4/134計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)InternetVsintranet計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型TCP/IP協(xié)議服務(wù)器和客戶機(jī)域名端口2021/4/135InternetVSIntranetTheInternetisaglobalsystemofinterconnectedcomputernetworksthatusethestandardInternetProtocolSuite(TCP/IP)toservebillionsofusersworldwideItisanetworkofnetworks

AnintranetisaprivatecomputernetworkthatusesInternetProtocoltechnologiestosecurelyshareanypartofanorganization'sinformationornetworkoperatingsystemwithinthatorganization.2021/4/1362021/4/137AndWWWWWW（亦作“Web”、“萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)”、“W3”，英文全稱為“WorldWideWeb”）是一個(gè)由許多互相鏈接的超文本文檔組成的系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)訪問。萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)聯(lián)盟（英語(yǔ)：WorldWideWebConsortium，簡(jiǎn)稱W3C），又稱W3C理事會(huì)。1994年10月在麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室成立。萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)聯(lián)盟的創(chuàng)建者是萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的發(fā)明者蒂姆·伯納斯-李。What'sthedifferencebetweentheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb(WWW)?WWW=HTML*+HTTP(S)*includingCSS,JavaScript,andotherbrowserenabledcontentWWW是Internet應(yīng)用之一2021/4/138BriefHistorybeganasaUSDepartmentofDefensenetworkcalledARPANET(1960s-70s)initialservices:electronicmail,filetransferopenedtocommercialinterestsinlate80sWWWcreatedin1989-91byTimBerners-Lee

popularwebbrowsersreleased:Netscape1994,IE1995Aopensin1995;GoogleJanuary1996ChineseFirstConnectionwithInternet：ChineseAcademicsNet,byComputerApplyingTechnologyInstituteofBeijing1986，F(xiàn)irstemail,Sep.141987,fromCATIB,“AcrosstheGreatWallwecanreacheverycornerintheworld”ChineseFirstFullInternetConnection：NCFC(NationalComputingandNetworkingFacilityofChina)1994Baidu1999；Taobao20032021/4/139KeyaspectsoftheInternetInternetisforfreedomofinformationsubnetworkscanstandontheirowncomputerscandynamicallyjoinandleavethenetworkbuiltonopenstandards;anyonecancreateanewdevicelackofcentralizedcontrol(mostly)everyonecanuseitwithsimple,commonlyavailablesoftware2021/4/1310LayeredarchitectureTheinternetusesalayeredhardware/softwarearchitecture(OSImodel):physicallayer:devicessuchascoaxialcables,fiber-opticlines,modemsdatalinklayer:basichardwareprotocols(Ethernet,Wi-Fi,DSL,ATM,PPP)network/internetlayer:basicsoftwareprotocol(IP)transportlayer:addreliabilitytonetworklayer(TCP,UDP)applicationlayer:implementsspecificcommunicationforeachkindofprogram(HTTP,POP3/IMAP,SSH,FTP))2021/4/1311InternetProtocol(IP)theIPistheunderlyingsystemofcommunicationforalldata(packets)sentacrosstheinternet.eachdevicehasa32-bitIPaddressasfour8-bitnumbers(0-255)findoutyourinternetIPaddress:findoutyourlocalIPaddress:inaterminal,type:ipconfig(Windows)orifconfig(Mac/Linux)IPv4vs.IPv6(32-bvs.128-b)2021/4/1312TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)addsmultiple,guaranteedmessagedeliveryontopofIPmultiplexing:multipleprogramsusingthesameIPaddressport:anumbergiventoeachprogramorservice80:Webbrowser(443forsecurebrowsing)25:email22:ssh21:ftpmorecommonportssomeprograms(QQ,games,streamingmediaprograms)usesimplerUDPprotocolinsteadofTCPfindoutportsused:inaterminal,usingnetstat(Windows)commandusingCurrPorts2021/4/1313WebserversandbrowsersWebserver:softwarethatlistensforWebpagerequestspartofWindows)C/SVsB/SmodelWebbrowser:fetches/displaysdocumentsfromWebserversMicrosoftInternetExplorer(IE)MozillaFirefoxAppleSafariGoogleChromeOpera2021/4/1314DomainNameSystem(DNS)asetofserversthatmapwrittennamestoIPaddressesExample:8usingWindowscommandnslookuptofindoutIPaddressmanysystemsmaintainalocalcachecalledahostfile

Windows:C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

Mac:/private/etc/hostsLinux:/etc/hosts2021/4/1315UniformResourceLocator(URL)anidentifierforthelocationofadocumentonawebsiteabasicURL:

/info/regesstepp/index.html

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protocolhostpathuponenteringthisURLintothebrowser,itwould:asktheDNSserverfortheIPaddressofconnecttothatIPaddressatport80asktheservertoGET/info/regesstepp/index.htmldisplaytheresultingpageonthescreen2021/4/1316MoreadvancedURLsanchor:jumpstoagivensectionofawebpage

/download/index.html#downloads

fetchesindex.htmlthenjumpsdowntopartofthepagelabeleddownloadsport:forwebserversonportsotherthanthedefault80

:8080/querystring:asetofparameterspassedtoawebprogram

/search?q=miserable+failure&start=10

parameterqissetto"miserable+failure"parameterstartissetto102021/4/1317HypertextTransportProtocol(HTTP)HTTPisthefoundationofdatacommunicationforthe

WorldWideWeb.thesetofcommandsunderstoodbyawebserverandsentfromabrowsersomeHTTPcommands(yourbrowsersendstheseinternally):GET

filename:downloadPOSTfilename:sendawebformresponsePUT

filename:uploadDELETEfilename:removeentityHEADfilename:onlystatusinformation,notentirecontent…2021/4/1318HTTPerrorcodeswhensomethinggoeswrong,thewebserverreturnsaspecial"errorcode"numbertothebrowser,possiblyfollowedbyanHTMLdocumentcommonerrorcodes:200OK

301-303pagehasmoved(permanentlyortemporarily)

403youareforbiddentoaccessthispage404pagenotfound500internalservererror

completelist2021/4/1319TermsInternetServiceProviderenterprisesororganizationswhoprovideInternetaccesstoyou,who?pleaseidentifyyourISPsWebHostingprovideaplaceforconsumerstostorepagesdesignedtobeconsumedbytheWebsurfingpublicISPsoftenofferWebhostingservicesalongwiththeirstandardconnectivitypackages.Client/Servervs.Browser/Server2021/4/1320Web1.0vs.Web2.0Web1.0isaboutpublishingusersarelimitedtothepassiveviewingofinformationthatisprovidedtothemWeb2.0isaboutinteractionallowsitsuserstointeractwithotherusersortochangewebsitecontentinformationsharing,interoperability,user-centereddesignandcollaboration

hostedservices,webapplications,social-networkingsites,video-sharingsites,wikis,blogs2021/4/1321網(wǎng)站的含義網(wǎng)頁(yè)是網(wǎng)站的基本單位用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的HTML語(yǔ)言將圖片、文字、多媒體信息組織起來(lái)的格式文檔一般意義上的網(wǎng)站Agroupofrelatedpages?Adedicateserver?Agroupofservers?2021/4/1322虛擬網(wǎng)站多個(gè)網(wǎng)站可以同時(shí)運(yùn)行在一個(gè)單一服務(wù)器上利用不同的端口號(hào)利用不同的ip地址利用不同的域名

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