高考沖刺英語(yǔ)閱讀理解課堂練（23）答案解析

2020高考英語(yǔ)：閱讀理解課堂練（23）PassageForty--Five(Fingerprints)

Thesearchforlatentprintsisdoneinasystematicandintelligentmanner.Investigatorsdeveloptechniquestolocatetracesoffingerprintsatacrimescene.Thebasicpremiseinsearchingforlatentprintsistoexaminemorecarefullythoseareas,whichwouldmostlikelybetouchedbypersonswhohavebeenonthescene.Thenaturalmannerinwhichapersonwoulduseandplacehishandsinmakinganentranceorexitfromabuildingorinhandlinganyobjectisthekeytothediscoveryoflatentprints.

Whereaforcedentrancehasbeenmade,latentprintsarelikelytobefoundonanysurfaceadjacenttooratthatpoint.Anyobjectwithasmooth,non-poroussurfaceislikelytoretainlatentprintsiftouched.Fingerprintsonroughsurfacesareusuallyoflittlevalue.Ifthefingermarkdoesnotdiscloseridgedetailwhenviewedunderareadingglass,thechancesarethatitsvalueinidentificationisnilwhenphotographed.Wherefingermarksarefound,itwillbenecessaryfortheinvestigatortocomparethemagainsttheonesofpersonshavinglegitimateaccesstothepremisessothatthetracesmightbeeliminatedashavingevidentiaryvalueiftheyprovetobefromthesepersons.Placestosearchforprintsonanautomobilearetherearviewmirror,steeringwheelhub,steeringcolumn,windshielddashboardandthelike.

Dustingofsurfacemaybedonewithafinebrushorwithanatomizer.Thewhitpowdersusedarebasicallyfinelypowderedwhitelead,talc,orchalk.AnotherlightpowderisbasicallyChemist’sgray.Agoodblackpowderiscomposedoflampblack,graphite,andpowderedacacia.Dragon’sbloodisgoodpowderforwhitesurfaceandcanbefixedonpaperbyheating.Indevelopinglatentprints,theacceptedmethodistousethepowdersparinglyandbrushlightly.Donotusepowderifthefingermarkisvisibleunderobliquelighting.Itcanbephotographed.Agoodpolicyforthenoviceistoexperimentwithhisownprintsonasurfacesimilartotheonehewishestosearchinordertodeterminethepowderbestsuitedtothesurface.Fingerprintsafterdustingmaybeliftedbyusingfreshcellulosetapeorcommerciallypreparedmaterialespeciallydesignedtoliftandtransferdustedlatentfingerprints.

Inadditiontolatentprints,theinvestigatormustnotoverlookthepossibilityoftwoothertypesoffingerprinttraces:moldedimpressionandvisibleimpression.Moldedimpressionsareformedbythepressureofthefingeruponcomparativelysoft,pliable,orplasticsurfacesproducinganactualmoldofthefingerprintpattern.Thesecanberecordedbyphotographwithouttreatingthesurface,isusuallymosteffectiveinrevealingtheimpressionsclearly.Visibleimpressionsareformedwhenthefingeriscoveredwithsomesubstancewhichistransferredtothesurfacecontacted.Fingerssmearedwithblood,grease,dirt,paint,andthelikewillleaveavisibleimpression.Iftheseimpressionsareclearandsharp,theyarephotographedunderlightwithoutanttreatment.Ordinarily,printsofthistypeareblurredorsmearedanddonotcontainenoughdetailforidentificationbycomparison.However,theycannotbeoverlookedorbrushedasidewithoutfirstbeingexaminedcarefully.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Visibleimpressions.

B.Mouldedimpressions.C.Fingerprints.

D.Latentfingerprints.2.Howmanyfingermarksarementionedinthispassage?A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.3.Whichtypeoffingerprintsismostlikelytoretain?A.Latentfingerprints.

B.Visibleimpressions.C.Mouldedimpressions.

D.Clearfingerprints.4.Howmanywaysaretheretodevelopfingerprints?A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.Vocabulary1.

latentprint

潛在指紋2.

premise

前提3.

non-porous

無(wú)孔的，不滲透的4.

ridge

脊，隆起部5.

nil

無(wú)，零6.

premise

房屋及其附屬部件7.

rearviewmirror

后視鏡8.

steeringwheelhub

駕駛盤(pán)9.

steeringcolumn

轉(zhuǎn)向柱10.

windshield

擋風(fēng)玻璃11.

dashboard

儀表盤(pán)，擋泥板12.

atomizer

噴霧器13.

talc

滑石14.

lampblack

燈黑，燈煙15.

acacia

阿拉伯樹(shù)膠，金合歡膠16.

dragonsblood

龍血樹(shù)脂，麒麟血17.

sparingly

少量的，節(jié)約的18.

novice

新手，初學(xué)者19.

cellulosetape

纖維帶，指紋膠帶20.

lift

提起，拿起。這里指取下指紋。21.

moldedimpression

模性壓痕22.

visibleimpression

可見(jiàn)壓痕23.

pliable

柔韌的，柔順的24.

smear

搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清難句譯注1.Thebasicpremiseinsearchingforlatentprintsistoexaminemorecarefullythoseareas,whichwouldmostlikelybetouchedbypersonswhohavebeenonthescene.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]句子長(zhǎng)是因?yàn)橛袃蓚€(gè)定語(yǔ)從句：which和who；which修飾areas;who修飾persons.[參考譯文]搜尋潛手印的基本前提是：要非常仔細(xì)的檢查那些最可能為曾到過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人所觸摸的地方。2.

Ifthefingermarkdoesnotdiscloseridgedetailwhenviewedunderareadingglass,thechancesarethatitsvalueinidentificationisnilwhenphotographed.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]條件句，主從句中都有一個(gè)when+過(guò)去分詞句型。第一個(gè)直接緊跟從句，第二個(gè)在主句的表語(yǔ)后面。譯時(shí)根據(jù)其所在位置。[參考譯文]假如指印在放大鏡下觀察時(shí)沒(méi)有顯露隆起部分的細(xì)節(jié)（不顯露指紋紋理），那很可能，在攝影時(shí)其鑒別價(jià)值等于零。3.Wherefingermarksarefound,itwillbenecessaryfortheinvestigatortocomparethemagainsttheonesofpersonshavinglegitimateaccesstothepremisessothatthetracesmightbeeliminatedashavingevidentiaryvalueiftheyprovetobefromthesepersons.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]復(fù)合句，前面是主從句，where…itwillbenecessary,從句sothat中又有一個(gè)條件句，ifthey…。[參考譯文]如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了指印，檢查人員就必須把發(fā)現(xiàn)的指印和有權(quán)進(jìn)入房屋的人的指印作比較。如果指印證實(shí)是來(lái)自這些人的，那么作為證據(jù)價(jià)值的線(xiàn)索就可排除掉。4.Agoodblackpowderiscomposedoflampblack,graphite,andpowderedacacia.Dragon’sbloodisgoodpowderforwhitesurfaceandcanbefixedonpaperbyheating.Indevelopinglatentprints,theacceptedmethodistousethepowdersparinglyandbrushlightly.Donotusepowderifthefingermarkisvisibleunderobliquelighting.Itcanbephotographed.Agoodpolicyforthenoviceistoexperimentwithhisownprintsonasurfacesimilartotheonehewishestosearchinordertodeterminethepowderbestsuitedtothesurface.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]句子長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)楸碚Z(yǔ)中有形容詞短語(yǔ)similarto,而to的賓語(yǔ)又有一個(gè)省略which的定從hewishestosearch..此外副詞短語(yǔ)inorderto…的賓語(yǔ)也有一個(gè)修飾的分詞短語(yǔ)bestsuited.[參考譯文]對(duì)新手來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的辦法就是用自己在類(lèi)似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，以確定最適用于這種表面的粉末。寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意這是一篇介紹在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)搜尋“（潛）指印”的文章。采用平鋪直敘步步深入的寫(xiě)作方式。頭兩段先介紹經(jīng)常會(huì)有“潛指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽車(chē)的后視鏡，方向盤(pán)等。屋內(nèi)光滑無(wú)孔的物體，如若接觸就會(huì)留有潛指印，但粗糙物體的潛指印就沒(méi)有價(jià)值，放大鏡下不顯現(xiàn)紋理的指印也無(wú)價(jià)值，就得看攝影顯示決定。接著，介紹運(yùn)用白粉，黑粉輕拂掃，新鮮纖維帶把潛手印取下的種種方法和步驟。最后一段介紹了除潛手印外還有兩種不能忽略的手?。耗Ｐ院涂梢?jiàn)壓痕及其形成和取證方法。答案詳解1.

C.指印，不管哪一種。A.可見(jiàn)壓痕。

B.模性壓痕。

C.潛指印，都屬于指印。所以最佳的標(biāo)題應(yīng)是指印。2.B.三種指印，即：潛指印，模性和可見(jiàn)壓痕。3.

A.潛指印。因?yàn)闈撝赣‰[秘，又是作案人無(wú)意中留下不易為人發(fā)現(xiàn)和破壞。其價(jià)值性從文中第三段描寫(xiě)取潛指印可見(jiàn)一般。B.和C.見(jiàn)第四段“一定不要忽略其它兩種類(lèi)型的指印痕：模性壓痕和可見(jiàn)壓痕的可能性”這說(shuō)明這兩種指印較少，特別是模性壓痕是在相當(dāng)柔軟，柔韌或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在這類(lèi)東西上壓上一個(gè)指痕。至于可見(jiàn)壓痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，臟土，油漆之類(lèi)物品”留下?！耙话銇?lái)說(shuō)，這種類(lèi)型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污臟難分，比較之下它們對(duì)鑒定來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有足夠細(xì)節(jié)證據(jù)?！盌.清楚指印，沒(méi)有這個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)名稱(chēng)。4.A.兩種。第三段第四句起“在顯影指印時(shí)，公認(rèn)的方法是用少許粉末，輕輕拂掃。如果指印在昏暗的燈光下可見(jiàn)，就可以攝影”，“指印輕掃后就用指紋膠帶或商業(yè)專(zhuān)備材料把它們?nèi)∠?。這是一種專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)用于取下和轉(zhuǎn)移輕拂掃后的指印材料。”P(pán)assageForty--Six(TheYoungGeneration)

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans,whosaidthathumandifferencecanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot‘sinful’.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure;toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?1.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?A.Bettereducated.

B.Moremoneyandfreedom.C.Independence.

D.Hardwork.2.Whatsotheyoungrejectmost?A.Values.

B.Theassumptionoftheelders.C.Conformity.

C.Conventionalideas.3.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.B.Theydislikethepast.C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.4.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.

B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.C.Menmightenjoylife.

D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork.Vocabulary1.

reminder

使共回想起某事的東西，提示者2.

complacency

自鳴得意，自滿(mǎn)情結(jié)3.

takeleave

擅自，任意，隨意

Itookleavetoconsiderthismattersettled.

請(qǐng)?jiān)徫艺J(rèn)為這事已經(jīng)解決了。4.

conformity

與……一致，遵從5.

guilt

有罪，內(nèi)疚6.

ridden

（ride的過(guò)去分詞）受……支配的，受……壓迫7.

guilt-ridden

負(fù)罪感8.

amass

積累，積聚9.

arat-race

激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)10.

shrugoff

對(duì)……聳肩表示不屑一理，輕視，擺脫11.

spotless

無(wú)污點(diǎn)的，純潔的12.

shed

擺脫，拋棄13.

annihilate

殲滅14.

bequeath

贈(zèng)送，把……傳給后代15.

sanity