【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 215第五章動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件（江蘇專用）

第五章動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

△動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解△動詞時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法主要表示目前的特征或狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作、客觀存在及普遍真理等?！纠?】I________allthecookingformyfamily，butrecentlyI'vebeentoobusytodoit.(2010·遼寧)A．willdoB．doC．a(chǎn)mdoingD．haddone答案B【例2】Theteachersaidthatthesun________intheeast.A．roseB．raisesC．risesD．isrising答案C2．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在狀語從句中的用法在以when，until(till)，assoonas，bythetime，after，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或以if，unless，once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句以及以nomatterwhen，however，evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)?！纠?】—When________again?—Whenhe________，I'llletyouknow.A．hecomes；comes B．willhecome；willcomeC．hecomes；willcome D．willhecome；comes答案D【例4】Ican'ttellyouifit________tomorrowifyou________me.A．rains；willask B．shallrain；askC．willrain；ask D．wouldrain；willask答案C二、一般過去時(shí)1．一般過去時(shí)的基本用法(1)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，或表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作。(2)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday，lastyear，theotherday，justnow，threedaysago，in1999等?！纠?】SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincethe1900s，whenpeople________toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A．begin B．beganC．havebegun D．hadbegun答案B【例6】—Nancyisnotcomingtonight.—Butshe________！A．promises B．promisedC．willpromise D．hadpromised答案B2．一般過去時(shí)用于狀語從句的表達(dá)方式在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)?！纠?】Hesaidhewouldgotoseehismotherwhenhe________fromabroad.A．returned B．wasreturnedC．wouldreturn D．hadreturned答案A【例8】Helen________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.A．hasleft；comes B．left；hadcomeC．hadleft；came D．hadleft；wouldcome答案C三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。【例9】—I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends________forus.A．willwait B．waitC．havewaited D．a(chǎn)rewaiting答案D【例例10】】Thesedaysmyfather________anovel.A．．writesB．．iswritingC．．haswrittenD．．willwrite答案案B2．．用用進(jìn)進(jìn)行行時(shí)時(shí)表表示示將將來來的的情情況況某些動動詞詞的的現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在進(jìn)進(jìn)行行時(shí)時(shí)可可表表示示計(jì)劃劃或安排排好了了的的將將來來動動作作。。常常見見的的這這類類動動詞詞有有：：go，，come，，leave，，arrive，，start，，takeoff等等。?！纠?1】He________toseeyoutomorrow.A．comesB．hascomeC．iscomingD．wascoming答案C3．a(chǎn)lways等等副詞在在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)中表達(dá)達(dá)的意義義always，，often，，constantly，frequently，forever等副詞和現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行行時(shí)連用用，表達(dá)達(dá)說話人人的某種種感情，，即“贊揚(yáng)”或“厭惡”等，可譯譯為“老是、總是”?！纠?2】John________ofwhathecandoforothers.A．a(chǎn)lwaysthinkB．isalwaysthinkingC．hasalwaysthoughtD．willalwaysthink答案B【例13】You________TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A．a(chǎn)lwayswatchB．a(chǎn)realwayswatchingC．havealwayswatchedD．havealwaysbeenwatched答案B4．一般般不用于于進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)的動詞詞狀態(tài)動詞或靜態(tài)動詞通常常不用于于進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)。如如：like，，love，prefer，，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，，guess，，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belongto，，concern，contain，cost，，dependon，deserve，，have(有有)，haveon，lack，，need，owe，，own，remain，seem，sound等。【例14】I________Tomquitewell.Wewereintroducedataparty.A．a(chǎn)mknowingB．．wasknowingC．knowD．hadbeenknowing答案C【例15】——Youaredrinkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone________mebutyou.A．isseeingB．hadseenC．seesD．saw答案C四、過去進(jìn)行行時(shí)1．過去進(jìn)行行時(shí)的基本用用法表示在過去某一一時(shí)刻或某一一階段正在發(fā)生的動作。。【例16】Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket，wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2010··湖南)A．sellB．weresellingC．hadsoldD．havesold答案B【例17】——Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI?—You________youdidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob.A．hadsaidB．saidC．weresayingD．hadbeensaying答案C【例18】Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A．haswrittenB．wroteC．hadwrittenD．waswriting答案D2．過去進(jìn)行行時(shí)的其他用用法(1)表示某個(gè)短暫性動作發(fā)生的背景。(2)與always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副詞連用，可表示某種感情色彩?！纠?9】Helosthiswatchwhenhe________football.A．played B．wasplayingC．hadplayed D．wouldplay答案B【例20】TheleadersthoughtillofMrs.Black，becauseshe________.A．wasalwayscomplainingB．hadalwayscomplainedC．wouldalwayscomplainD．willalwaysbecomplaining答案A五、現(xiàn)在完完成時(shí)1．現(xiàn)在完完成時(shí)的基基本用法主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去”和“現(xiàn)在”的關(guān)系，須須注意下面面幾點(diǎn)：(1)指過過去的動作作對現(xiàn)在的的影響。(2)現(xiàn)在在完成時(shí)一一般不與具體的過過去時(shí)間狀狀語或when從句句連用。(3)短暫暫性動詞的的完成時(shí)一一般不與段時(shí)間狀狀語連用。。(4)常用用于現(xiàn)在完完成時(shí)態(tài)的的時(shí)間狀語語有：inthepastfewyears，，bynow，uptonow，sofar，，already，，yet，，since，forfiveyears，recently，lately，before，，never，once，today，thisweek(month，year)，，manytimes，just等等。【例21】】—I'msorry，，butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，I________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.(2010·北京)A．hadn'tmadeB．wouldn'tmakeC．don'tmakeD．haven'tmade答案D【例22】】They________friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A．havemC．havebeen D．haveturned答案C【例23】】—IhearJanehasgone—Oh，hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe________？A．wasleaving B．hadleftC．hasleft D．left答案D2．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)在It/This/Thatisthefirst/secondtime(that)．..結(jié)構(gòu)中的的應(yīng)用該結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引引導(dǎo)的從句句常用現(xiàn)在在完完成成時(shí)。?！纠?4】】—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No，，thisisthefirsttimeI________here.A．．wasB．．havebeenC．cameD．a(chǎn)mcoming答案案B3．．現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在完完成成時(shí)時(shí)和和一一般般過過去去時(shí)時(shí)的的比比較較相同點(diǎn)點(diǎn)：：都都表表示示動動作作發(fā)發(fā)生生在在過去去。不同同點(diǎn)點(diǎn)：：現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在完完成成時(shí)時(shí)表表示示與與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在有關(guān)；；一一般般過過去去時(shí)時(shí)表表示示與與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在無關(guān)。?！纠?5】】—Youdidn'tlockthebackdoor.—Youarewrong.I________.A．．didlockitB．．havelockeditC．．lockitmyselfD．．dolockit答案案A【例例26】】Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It________onTValldaylong.A．．hasbeenB．．hadbeenC．．wasD．．willbe答案案A【例例27】】——DoesLiuHuiserveinthearmy?—No，，buthe________inthearmyfor3years.A．．servedB．．hasservedC．．isservingD．．wouldserve答案A4．現(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)表示從過去去某個(gè)時(shí)候開開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的的動作；現(xiàn)在在完成時(shí)表示示動作已完成。如：I'vebeenwritinganarticle.(還在寫)/I'vewrittenanarticle.(已寫好)【例28】I'mtiredout.I________allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010··湖南)A．shoppedB．．haveshoppedC．hadshoppedD．havebeenshopping答案D六、過去完成成時(shí)1．過去完成成時(shí)基本用法法(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的的動作(即所所謂的“過去的過去”)。(2)表示從從過去某一時(shí)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動動作或狀態(tài)。?！纠?9】IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________forme.(2010·北京京)A．haddoneB．．didC．woulddoD．．weredoing答案A2．過過去完完成時(shí)時(shí)表示示“本來……””的用法法動詞think，，expect，hope，，suppose，，want，plan，，mean，intend等等用于于過去去完成成時(shí)表表示過過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的的愿望望或打打算，，意為為“本來……””?！纠?0】】They________tohelp，buttheycouldnotgetthereintime.A．wantB．hadwantedC．werewantingD．havewanted答案B3．用用于某某些特特殊結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtime(that)＋＋過去完成成時(shí)(2)Itwas＋段時(shí)間＋＋since＋＋過去去完成成時(shí)(3)nosooner...than...或或hardly...when...的主句謂語語要用用過去去完成成時(shí)(4)含“by＋＋過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”或“bythetime＋一般過過去時(shí)”的句子子常用用過去去完成成時(shí)。?！纠?1】】Thiswasthefirsttimewe________athome.A．metB．hadmetC．wasmetD．wouldmeet答案B【例32】】We________hardlyarrivedwhenit________torain.A．had；beganB．have；；beganC．不填填；beganD．不填填；hadbegan答案A【例33】Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasium________inBeijing.A．wouldbecompletedB．wasbeingcompletedC．hasn'tbeencompletedD．hadbeencompleted答案D七、一般般將來時(shí)時(shí)表示在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)時(shí)候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的的動作或或存在的的狀態(tài)。。1．“will/shall＋動詞原形形”表示將來來的用法法will可用于于各種人稱，shall一般般只用于于第一人稱?！纠?4】Greatchanges________takeplaceinthefuture.A．wouldB．willC．．didD．shall答案B注：will用于條條件狀語語從句時(shí)時(shí)，表示示“愿意”?！纠?5】Ifyou________gotothecountryside，you________go.A．shall；shallB．．will；mayC．will；；shallD．．shall；；may答案B2．“begoingto＋動詞原形形”表示將來來的用法法表示打算和預(yù)測?！纠?6】Thefilm________thisSunday.A．isgoingtobeshownB．．isshowingC．istoshowD．．willhavebeenshown答案A3．“beto＋＋動詞原形”表示將來的的用法表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要發(fā)生生的動作，，有時(shí)也表表示命令、禁止或可能性。?！纠?7】】Theteachersaid，，“Alltheexercises________behandedinontime.”A．willB．．a(chǎn)retoC．a(chǎn)reabouttoD．．a(chǎn)regoingto答案B4．“beaboutto＋動動詞原形”表示將來的的用法表示即將要發(fā)發(fā)生的事，，通常不與具體的時(shí)時(shí)間狀語連連用。A．shall B．a(chǎn)reabouttoC．a(chǎn)reto D．a(chǎn)regoingto答案B5．“beduet表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生某事。【例39】Thestrike________beginonTuesday.A．isdueto B．isabouttoC．shall D．a(chǎn)regoingto答案A6．will/shall與begoingto的區(qū)別別(1)begoingto可用于條件狀狀語從句表表示將來，，而shall/will一一般不可?！纠?0】】Ifyou________tomyhouse，you'dbetterphonemefirst.A．willcomingB．．shallcomeC．a(chǎn)regoingtocomeD．．istocome答案C(2)跡象象表明要發(fā)發(fā)生某事，，只用begoingto。?！纠?1】】Lookatthoseblackclouds.It________rain.A．willB．isgoingtoC．shallD．isaboutto答案B(3)若強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意意圖是經(jīng)過事先考考慮好的，，用begoingto；若表示示某個(gè)意圖圖沒經(jīng)過事先考考慮，而是是在說話時(shí)時(shí)的臨時(shí)決定，則用用will/shall。【例42】】—Maryisinhospital.—Oh，really?Ididn'tknow.I________visither.A．a(chǎn)mgoingtoB．willC．a(chǎn)mtoD．a(chǎn)maboutto答案B【例43】】—Maryisinhospital.—Yes，，Iknow.I________visithertomorrow.A．a(chǎn)mgoingtoB．willC．a(chǎn)mtoD．a(chǎn)maboutto答案A八、將來進(jìn)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作作，一般帶帶狀語?！纠?4】】—Guesswhat，we'vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.—Hownice！You________adifferentculturethen.(2010·福建)A．willbeexperiencingB．haveexperiencedC．havebeenexperiencingD．．willhaveexperienced答案A【例45】】Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring，you________freshwatermeloninthefall.(2010·浙浙江)A．eatB．wouldeatC．haveeatenD．willbeeating答案案D九、、過過去去將將來來時(shí)時(shí)1．．過過去去將將來來時(shí)時(shí)的的基基本本用用法法表示從從過去去某時(shí)時(shí)看看將要要發(fā)生生的的動動作作或或存存在在的的狀狀態(tài)態(tài)，，多多用用于于主主句句謂謂語語動動詞詞是是一一般般過過去去時(shí)時(shí)的的賓語從從句句中中。?！纠?6】】ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________.(2010··全全國國Ⅰ)A．．ismadeB．．wouldmakeC．．wastobemadeD．．hadmade答案案C2．．用用過過去去進(jìn)進(jìn)行行時(shí)時(shí)表表示示過過去去將將來來時(shí)時(shí)某些動動詞詞(如如：：go，，start，，come，，leave，，arrive，，takeoff等等)的的過過去去進(jìn)進(jìn)行行時(shí)時(shí)，，可可以以表表示示過過去去將要發(fā)生的動作。?！纠?7】—Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.—Oh，Ithoughtthathe________today.A．wascomingB．iscomingC．willcomeD．comes答案A十、將來完成成時(shí)指將來某一時(shí)刻已完成的動作。。常用于將來來完成時(shí)的時(shí)時(shí)間狀語有：：bythetime，bytheendof，by等。?！纠?8】BythetimeJanegetshome，heraunt________forLondontoattendameeting.A．willleaveB．leavesC．willhaveleftD．left答案C十一、時(shí)態(tài)呼呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)是指從從句謂語動詞詞的時(shí)態(tài)受主主句謂語動詞詞時(shí)態(tài)的制約約。時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)點(diǎn)：(1)當(dāng)主句句的謂語動詞詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂謂語動詞不受限制。(2)當(dāng)主句句謂語動詞為為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語語動詞要與其其保持一致，，即用相應(yīng)的的過去時(shí)態(tài)?！纠?9】IknowthatJane________forLondonlastweA．hadleft；won'tB．left；won'tC．wasleaving；willD．left；will答案B【例50】Theoldmantoldmethathe________inthecityfor50years.A．haslivedB．waslivingC．hadlivedD．willlive答案C注：當(dāng)從句表示的是一個(gè)永恒的真理或表明一個(gè)人或東西的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以不受主句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的約束?！纠?1】】WhenIwasfiveyearsold，mymother________methattheearth________roundthesun.A．told；；goesB．．hadtold；goesC．told；；wentD．．hadtold；went答案A【例52】】Didhesaythetrain________at6：：45?A．willleaveB．hadleftC．hasleftD．leaves答案D動詞語語態(tài)一、定定義與與用法法英語的語語態(tài)分分為主主動語語態(tài)和和被動動語【例1】Thiscoastalarea________anationalwildlifereservelastyear. (2010·湖南)A．wasnamed B．namedC．isnamed D．names答案A【例例2】】Thisoldbookcase________whenwemovedit.A．damaged B．hasdamagedC．gotdamaged D．wasbeingdamaged答案C二、、兩兩種1．雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)英語中有些動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，這些動詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以將其中任何一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在謂語后面。如：Heboughtmemanybooks.→Iwasboughtmanybooks.或Manybookswereboughtforme.【例例3】】I________tenminutestodA．gave B．wasgivenC．wasgiving D．hadgiven答案B2．短語語動詞的的被動語語態(tài)短語動詞是是由“動詞＋介介詞”，“動詞＋名名詞＋介介詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的動動詞短語語，在被被動語態(tài)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中中，不能漏掉其后后的介詞詞?！纠?】】—WhydoesLinglinglooksounhappy?—She________byherclassmates.A．haslaughedB．haslaughedatC．hasbeenlaughedD．hasbeenlaughedat答案D三、主動動表被動動的若干干情形1．系動詞(如如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要要用主動動表被動動。A．havebeentasted；tasteB．havebeentasted；aretastedC．havetasted；taste D．havetasted；aretasted答案A2．英語中有些動動詞如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，，cook，，cut，wear，carry等等，當(dāng)主語是是物，且又表示主語的特征和狀狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用【例6】Thestockings________easily.A．tear B．a(chǎn)retornC．tearing D．a(chǎn)rebeingtorn答案A【例7】Beingpopularwithcustomers，theproducts________wellandmaybe________intwomonths.A．sell；selloutB．a(chǎn)resold；；selloutC．sell；willbesoldoutD．a(chǎn)resold；willbesoldout答案C3．不定式toblame用作表語，通常用主主動表被動。?！纠?】Thepolicyispartly________forcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.A．tobeblamedB．toblameC．．beingblamedD．．blaming答案案B4．．“主語語＋＋be＋＋形形容容詞詞＋＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)中中的的不定定式式這類形容詞常見的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等?！纠?】Thechairlooksratherhard，butinfactitisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositonC．tobesaton D．forsitting答案B【例例10】】Alotofpeoplefindmodernartveryhard________.A．．understoodB．．tobeunderstoodC．．tounderstandD．．beingunderstood答案案C5．．不定定式式用用于于某某些些動動詞詞(如如：：have[有有]，，get，，want，，need等等)的的賓賓語語后后作作定語時(shí)，如如果不定定式的邏邏輯主語語是句子的主主語，通通常用主主動形式式表示被被動意義義?！纠?1】Ihavesomeclothes________now，soIcan'tgoouttoplay.A．towashB．tobewashedC．washingD．beingwashed答案A注：若不定定式的的邏輯輯主語語不是是句子子的主主語，，則應(yīng)應(yīng)用被動式?！纠?2】】Sir，doyouhavesomething________？？I'mfreenow.A．totype B．typingC．tobetyped D．tohavetyped答案C6．在“with＋＋賓語語＋不不定式式”結(jié)構(gòu)中中，不不定式式表示示將來的動作作，且且其邏邏輯主【例13】Withsomanydifficultproblems________，Idon'tknowifI'llhavetime