【課件】人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè) unit 2 澳大利亞 課件

澳大利亞Thereisnotimetolose.That’sthestarkwarningfromAustralianresearchersaboutthehealthoftheworld’slargestreefsystem.情況緊迫，時(shí)不我待。這是澳大利亞研究人員對(duì)世界上最大的珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)健康狀況發(fā)出的嚴(yán)厲警告。Theysayitscoralhasbeenunderasustainedattackbywarmerseasdrivenbyclimatechange.Thiscausesbleaching.研究人員們說(shuō)，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海水升溫，大堡礁的珊瑚受到了持續(xù)攻擊。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致珊瑚白化。Understress,thecoralsexpel

symbioticalgaewhichlivesintheirtissuesandgivesthemtheircolourandenergy.面對(duì)環(huán)境壓力，珊瑚會(huì)排出生活在其細(xì)胞組織中，并為其提供顏色和能量的共生藻。ThestudyassertsthatthisiscompromisingtheGreatBarrierReef’sabilitytorecover.這項(xiàng)研究堅(jiān)稱，這損害了大堡礁的恢復(fù)能力。Asa27-year-oldChineseAustralianfashioninfluencer,MargaretZhangistheyoungestpersontolandaneditor-in-chiefroleatthemagazineandreplacesVogueChinafoundingeditor-in-chiefAngelicaCheung,whohadledthetitlefor16years.27歲的澳大利亞華裔時(shí)尚博主章凝成為Vogue中國(guó)版新主編，接替任此崗位長(zhǎng)達(dá)16年的前主編張宇，成為Vogue史上最年輕的編輯總監(jiān)。MargaretZhang是澳大利亞華裔，時(shí)尚圈的斜杠少女。她曾經(jīng)做過(guò)倩碧全球代言人，掌鏡拍攝過(guò)施華洛世奇廣告大片，攝影師/設(shè)計(jì)師/作家/時(shí)尚顧問(wèn)/制片人/創(chuàng)意總監(jiān)都是她的標(biāo)簽。About380whaleshavediedinwhatissuspectedtobeAustralia'slargeststrandingonrecord,officialssay.澳大利亞官員表示，該國(guó)發(fā)生有記錄以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的鯨魚(yú)擱淺事件，大約有380頭鯨魚(yú)死亡。SinceSept21,hundredsoflong-finnedpilotwhaleshavebeenfoundbeachedonTasmania'swestcoast.自9月21日以來(lái)，人們?cè)谒柜R尼亞州西海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百頭擱淺的長(zhǎng)肢領(lǐng)航鯨。Itisnotfullyunderstoodwhythewhalesbecamestranded.目前還不完全清楚鯨魚(yú)擱淺的原因。Thespeciesisknowntobepronetogettingbeached.眾所周知，鯨魚(yú)容易擱淺。Researcherssayit'spossiblethatoneleadingindividualcouldhavemistakenlyledthewholegrouptoshore.研究人員表示，有可能是某頭領(lǐng)航的鯨魚(yú)錯(cuò)誤地將整個(gè)鯨魚(yú)群帶到岸邊。AustralianPrimeMinisterScottMorrisonhasback-trackedaftersuggestingvaccinationsagainstthecoronaviruscouldbecomemandatory.澳大利亞總理斯科特·莫里森曾建議強(qiáng)制接種新冠肺炎疫苗，但現(xiàn)在他收回了這一建議。VaccinationsarenotmandatoryinAustralia.BehaviouralscientistJulieLeasktoldtheSydneyMorningHeralditwas"prematureandunhelpful"totalkaboutmandatingavaccineforCovid-19"whenwedon'tevenhaveavaccinethatweknowactuallyworks",andshewarnedofapossible'backlash'.在澳大利亞，疫苗接種不是強(qiáng)制性的。行為科學(xué)家朱莉·萊斯克告訴《悉尼先驅(qū)晨報(bào)》：“在我們甚至還沒(méi)有一種已知真正有效疫苗”的情況下，談?wù)搹?qiáng)制接種新冠疫苗是“過(guò)早和無(wú)益的”。她警告說(shuō)，這可能會(huì)引起“強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)”。Back-track[?b?k?tr?k]：改變主意Australia'sPrimeMinisterScottMorrisonhasexpressedregretoverhishandlingofthebushfirecrisisravagingthecountry.澳大利亞總理斯科特·莫里森近日為自己處理肆虐全國(guó)的森林大火不力致歉。SinceSeptember,bushfireshavekilledatleast28peopleanddestroyedthousandsofhomes.自去年9月以來(lái)，澳大利亞森林大火已造成至少28人死亡，數(shù)千座房屋被毀。OnSunday,Morrisonconcededtherewere"thingsIcouldhavehandledonthegroundmuchbetter".12日，莫里森承認(rèn)，"有些事我可以在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)處理得更好"。Lastmonth,MorrisonwascriticizedforgoingonholidaytoHawaiiasthebushfirecrisisworsened.上個(gè)月，就在森林大火危機(jī)惡化時(shí)，莫里森前往夏威夷度假，因而受到批評(píng)。Therisingpublicangerathisabsenceeventuallyforcedhimtocutthattripshort.

公眾對(duì)他的缺席越來(lái)越憤怒，最終迫使他縮短了行程。KoalascouldbeclassifiedasanendangeredspeciesduetothefiresinAustralia.由于澳大利亞的火災(zāi)，考拉可能被列為瀕危物種。ThewildfiresarebelievedtohavekilledathirdofthekoalapopulationinAustralia.森林大火估計(jì)已導(dǎo)致澳大利亞三分之一的考拉死亡。Thefireshaveburnedthroughmorethan20acresofland,killingatleast25,000koalasaccordingtoestimates.大火燒毀了20多英畝的土地，估計(jì)造成至少25000只考拉死亡。WWFAustraliasaidthefireshavedestroyedorseverelydamagedthehabitatsofthreecriticallyendangeredspecies:thesoutherncorroboreefrog,theregenthoneyeaterbird,andthewesterngroundparrot.世界自然基金會(huì)澳大利亞分會(huì)表示，大火已經(jīng)摧毀或嚴(yán)重破壞了三種極度瀕危物種的棲息地，它們分別是：南角蛙、王吸蜜鳥(niǎo)和西部陸地鸚鵡。澳大利亞將射殺1萬(wàn)只駱駝，原因是它們喝水太多10,000camelstobekilledinAustraliaAmidthedevastatingwildfiresspreadingacrossAustralia,upto10,000camelswillbeshotandkilledbyprofessionalfirearmsexpertsfromhelicopters,followingcomplaintsthattheyaredrinkingtoomuchwater.Dogownerswhodon’twalktheirdogsdailycouldbefineduptoAU$4,000intheAustralianCapitalTerritory.在澳大利亞首都直轄區(qū)內(nèi)，沒(méi)有每天遛狗的狗主人將被處以高達(dá)4000澳元的罰款。

TheAnimalWelfareLegislationAmendmentBillbecamelawandrecognizesanimalsaresentientbeings.動(dòng)物福利立法修正案草案成為法律，并承認(rèn)動(dòng)物是“有意識(shí)動(dòng)物”。

PetownerswillalsobefinedAU$4,000fornotprovidinganimalswithadequatefood,water,andshelter.寵物主人還會(huì)因?yàn)闆](méi)有給動(dòng)物提供足夠的食物、水和住所而被罰款4000澳元。

ResidentsinvolvedwithdogfightingcanalsofacefinesuptoAU$48,000andthreeyearsinprison.參與斗狗的居民還將面

臨最高4.8萬(wàn)澳元的罰款和三年監(jiān)禁。AustralianswimmerShaynaJackannouncedthatshehastestedpositiveforLigandrol,amusclegrowthagent.澳大利亞游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員ShaynaJack宣布，她的Ligandrol檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性，Ligandrol是一種肌肉生長(zhǎng)劑。

Jackhasdeniedknowinglytakingthebannedsubstanceandsuggestsshecouldhavetakencontaminatedsupplements.Jack否認(rèn)故意服用違禁藥物，并暗示她可能服用了受污染的補(bǔ)充劑。

HerfaileddrugtestwasrevealedjustdaysafterteammateMackHortonprotestedSunYang’svictoryattheWorldAquaticsChampionshipinSeoul,Korea.就在她藥檢不合格的幾天前，隊(duì)友MackHorton在韓國(guó)首爾舉行的世界游泳錦標(biāo)賽上抗議孫楊?yuàn)Z冠。

HortonisdrawingbacklashforhisactionsandAustralianswimmingisbeingaccusedofhypocrisy.Horton的行為引起了人們的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)，澳大利亞游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員被指責(zé)虛偽。MillionsofA$50banknotesinAustraliahaveanembarrassingtypographicalerrorthatwasoverlookedbythecountry’scentralbankbeforetheywereprintedandcirculated.由于澳大利亞央行在紙幣印刷和流通前的疏忽，數(shù)千萬(wàn)張新版50澳元（約合238元人民幣）紙幣上出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)令人尷尬的印刷錯(cuò)誤。

ThegooffirstbecameknownonThursdaywhenalisteneronradiooutlet

TripleM

sentthestationamagnifiedphotooftheReserveBankofAustralia’s(RBA)newA$50notehighlightingtheword“responsibility”misspeltas“responsibilty”threetimes.

本周四，電臺(tái)節(jié)目《三倍M》的一位聽(tīng)眾首先發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤后，向電臺(tái)發(fā)送了一張新版50澳元紙幣放大照。照片顯示，英文單詞responsibility（“責(zé)任”）在紙幣上拼成了responsibilty，字母“l(fā)”后面少了“i”，且錯(cuò)誤出現(xiàn)了三次。紙幣由澳大利亞儲(chǔ)備銀行發(fā)行。你要是沒(méi)戴口罩就進(jìn)門(mén)，我們可要量你體溫了。P.S.我們只有肛門(mén)體溫計(jì)?！綞mojiplatestobelaunched澳洲車(chē)牌可添表情符號(hào)】

DriversinQueensland,Australia,willbeallowedtoaddtheirfavoriteemojitoapersonalizednumberplatestartingnextmonth.Theemojiswillcostextraandareonlyfordecoration,ratherthancaridentification.Theemojiwillbeaddedtothelettersandnumbersontheplate.Thepersonalizedplateshaveapricepointof$340,andsomethinkthisisaniftywayforauthoritiestomakemoremoney.Theemojisthatcanbeusedarealsolimited:driverscanonlypickfromfivepositivefaces:"laughingoutloud,""winkingface,""coolsunglasses,""hearteyes,"and"smileyface".Somedriverssaidthey'dconsideraddingonetotheirlicenseplateifthefullspectrumofemojiswasavailable.從下月開(kāi)始，澳大利亞昆士蘭將允許當(dāng)?shù)厮緳C(jī)將其鐘愛(ài)的表情符號(hào)添加到個(gè)性化車(chē)牌上。這些表情符號(hào)將另外計(jì)費(fèi)，且僅作裝飾不具有車(chē)輛識(shí)別功能。表情符號(hào)將被添加到車(chē)牌的字母、數(shù)字中去。個(gè)性化車(chē)牌的價(jià)格為340美元，有些人認(rèn)為這是有關(guān)部門(mén)"創(chuàng)收"的絕妙方法?？梢蕴淼杰?chē)牌上的表情符號(hào)也有限：司機(jī)只能從"大笑"、"眨眼表情"、"戴墨鏡酷表情"、"桃心眼"和"微笑表情"5種正面表情中挑選。一些司機(jī)稱，如果所有表情符號(hào)都在選擇之列才會(huì)考慮給車(chē)牌添加"表情"。Forthefirsttimeinmorethanacentury,bilbiesarerunningwildinSoutheasternAustralia.ThesmallanimalswereoncewidespreadacrossmuchofAustralia,butwerelastobservedinthewildinNewSouthWalesstatein1912.Everyyearbilbypopulationscontinuetodecrease.Wildlifeexpertsareafraidthatthebilby,asmallmarsupial,couldeventuallydisappearforever,eitherbecauseoflandclearingorfires.Anotherreasonisathreatfromcatsandfoxes,whichhuntdownandkillbilbies.

一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)，兔耳袋貍首次奔跑在了澳大利亞的南部地區(qū)。

這種小動(dòng)物曾經(jīng)廣泛分布在澳大利亞的大部分國(guó)土，但是最后一次在野外看到它，是在1912年的新南威爾士州。兔耳袋貍種群每年都在縮減。野生動(dòng)物專家擔(dān)心兔耳袋貍這種小型有袋動(dòng)物可能會(huì)因?yàn)殚_(kāi)墾土地或火災(zāi)而永久滅絕。另一個(gè)原因是來(lái)自貓和狐貍的威脅，它們捕殺兔耳袋貍?！綥awstargetingsocialmedia社交媒體將為反恐擔(dān)責(zé)?】Socialmediaexecutivescouldspenduptothreeyearsinprisonandhavetheirfirmsfined10%oftheturnoveriftheyfailtoquicklyremoveviolentmaterialfromtheirplatforms,accordingtoanewlawproposedbytheAustraliangovernment.根據(jù)澳大利亞政府推動(dòng)的一項(xiàng)新的法案，如果社交媒體平臺(tái)沒(méi)有快速刪除平臺(tái)上的暴力內(nèi)容，公司高管可能面臨最高3年的刑期，而平臺(tái)也將面臨額度為其營(yíng)業(yè)額10%的罰款。AgovernmentpushtousetheSydneyOperaHouse'ssailstoadvertiseahorseracingeventoverthewishesofthebuilding'smanagementsparkeduproaramongmanyAustraliansoverthecommercializationofaniconiclandmark.近日，澳大利亞政府不顧悉尼歌劇院管理層的意愿，力推用這一標(biāo)志性建筑物的帆船外墻為賽馬比賽做廣告。這一將悉尼歌劇院商業(yè)化的舉動(dòng)令澳大利亞民眾群情激憤。Austria'scapitalViennahasbeatenMelbournetoberankedthe"world'smostlivablecity"inanewannualsurveyreleasedMonday,endingthesouthernAustraliancity'sseven-yearreign.ItisthefirsttimeaEuropeanmetropolishastoppedtheannualchartcompiledbytheEconomistIntelligenceUnit.Japan'sOsakatookthirdplace.在13日發(fā)布的最新年度調(diào)查中，奧地利首都維也納擊敗澳大利亞南部城市墨爾本成為"全球最宜居的城市"。此前，墨爾本曾連續(xù)七年蟬聯(lián)榜首。這是歐洲大都會(huì)首次問(wèn)鼎經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人智庫(kù)編纂的年度榜單。日本的大阪市排名第三。AustraliaaxedVictoriastate’sbeltandroadpactwithChina澳大利亞撕毀維多利亞州與中國(guó)的“一帶一路”協(xié)議Australiaannounceditwouldrevoke（撤銷(xiāo)）Victoriastate’sparticipationinChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative.ForeignMinisterMarisePaynesaidshehadcancelledamemorandum（備忘錄）ofunderstandingand“FrameworkAgreement”signedbetweenthestateofVictoriaandChina’sNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionin2018and2019.Paynesaidthedealswere“inconsistentwithAustralia’sforeignpolicy”underlegislationpassedlastyearthatgavethetopdiplomatveto（否決）powersoverdealssignedbetweenforeigncountriesandsubnationalauthoritiessuchasstategovernments,localcouncilsandpublicly-fundeduniversities.Inresponse,China’sembassyinAustraliasaidCanberra’sdecisionwas“boundtobringfurtherdamagetobilateralrelations”asitvoiced“strongdispleasureandresoluteopposition”