【課件】Unit 4 Natural Disasters DiscoveringUseful Structures定語(yǔ)從句（課件）人教版2019必修第一冊(cè)

定語(yǔ)從句Attributiveclause2019人教版必修一Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures定語(yǔ)從句的定義：定語(yǔ)+從句定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾名詞代詞的形容詞等。主要是形容詞。從句：從句是相對(duì)于主句而言的。從句一定有連接詞引導(dǎo)。

Iwaslateforclass,becausemyclockdidn’tgooff.定語(yǔ)從句：用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)名詞或者代詞的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句。也叫形容詞性從句。PS:定語(yǔ)從句可以翻譯出一個(gè)“的”字。主句從句連接詞定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)主句：含有被修飾的名詞從句：引導(dǎo)詞+修飾名詞的句子Thisisa

bookthat

Iboughtonline.主句中被修飾的名詞叫做先行詞，連接主句和從句的連詞叫做關(guān)系詞。定語(yǔ)從句的功能定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾限定一個(gè)名詞或者代詞。主要是限定所指人或事物的范圍。強(qiáng)調(diào)哪個(gè)（種）人，哪個(gè)（種）物。Ihavea

book.我有一本書(shū)（泛指）Ihaveabook（thatIboughtonline）.我有一本網(wǎng)上買的書(shū)。

（指明這本書(shū)是網(wǎng)上買的，而不是其他地方來(lái)的。言外之意他還有一些其他地方來(lái)的書(shū)。）定語(yǔ)從句的分類和區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式?jīng)]有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)功能是指明哪個(gè)（種）人，哪個(gè)（種）物。刪除后句意受影響。沒(méi)有指明哪個(gè)（種）人，哪個(gè)（種）物。只是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。刪除后句意不受影響。Hehasasisterwhoisadoctor.他有一個(gè)當(dāng)醫(yī)生的姐姐。（不止一個(gè)姐姐）Hehasasister,whoisadoctor.他有一個(gè)姐姐是一名醫(yī)生。（只有一個(gè)姐姐）關(guān)系詞的分類根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中是否充當(dāng)基本成分可將關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞代人whowhomwhosethat主賓表賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主賓表代物which

whosethat主賓表定語(yǔ)主賓表關(guān)系副詞時(shí)間when作狀語(yǔ)，不作基本成分。地點(diǎn)where原因Why關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則1.先行詞為物，只能使用that不能使用which的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞：all,both,neither,none,either,any,everything,nothing,something,anything,much,many,few,afew,little,alittle.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all,both,some,no,every,any,each,much等修飾時(shí);(3)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修飾；(4)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修飾；(5)當(dāng)先行詞即有人又有物時(shí)。例句Ihavetakendown

everything

thattheteachersaid.Ihavetakendownallthatisimportant.Allthebooksthatyouboughtareinteresting.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ShoppingistheonlythingthatIwanttodo.Weoftentalkaboutthe

peopleandthings

thatweremember.不定代詞不定詞修飾最高級(jí)修飾唯一修飾人物同時(shí)先行詞為物，只能用which不能用that的情況只能用which的情況：介詞后面，逗號(hào)后面。1、介詞后面，指物的關(guān)系代詞只能用which；The

house

in

which

we

live

is

farfromschool.

Thepaintingforwhichhepaid$1,000wasonceownedbyabusinessman.2、逗號(hào)后面，指物的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。I

live

in

Kunming,

which

is

the

capital

of

Yunnanprovince.Thebigreddog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.3.上下文出現(xiàn)that，避免重復(fù)使用which。練一練1.Doyou

have

anything

you

want

to

say

for

yourself?2.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,

astonishedme.3.Allthepresents

yourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.4.Thisisthebestfilm

I'veeverseen.5.Thisistheverybus

I'mwaitingfor.6.Itlookslikethesamebook

youboughtinthebookstore.7.Heisalwaysthefirstman

comestoclassroom.thatthatthatthatthatwhowhich8.Thebuildingin_______shelivedwasdemolished.9.Wedependonthelandfrom________wecangetourfood.10.Wedependontheland_______wecangetourfoodfrom.11.Shewonthefirstprize,_______wasmorethanweexpected.12.Thefilm________wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.13.Thefilm,________wasshowedlastnight,wasverymoving.14.Hisfatherpassedawayyesterday,________cameasasuddenshock.

whichwhichwhichwhichwhichWhich/thatWhich/that關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則2.只能使用who不能使用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞：he,she,they,one(s),anyone,nobody等.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(2)當(dāng)先行詞為指示代詞時(shí):those,these;Thosewhoareeasilycontentarealwayshappy.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.(3)當(dāng)先行詞為people或是表示人的集體名詞時(shí)；Peoplewhoworkhardarealwaysfortunate.(4)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中Hehasasister,whoisateacher.練習(xí)2.Doyou

knowanyone

cansolvethisproblem?3.Iadmirethose

arehonest,brave,diligent.4.Theyareaudience

areinvitedtowatchthisplay.5.Heisthebestman

I'veeverknown.6.Heisalwaysthelastone

leavesthedormitory.7.Sheisalwaysthelastone

goes

backtothedormitory.最高級(jí)修飾指人、物的先行詞，關(guān)系詞用that/who都可以。定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟先行詞保持一致。whowhothat/whowhowhowho關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則3.關(guān)系代詞的省略問(wèn)題：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中一定要有關(guān)系代詞，不可省略。關(guān)系代詞做主語(yǔ)兩種從句均不能省略。限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞都可以省略，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能省。Ilikethebook,which

yougiveme.（非限制定從作賓語(yǔ)，不能省which）Ilikethebook(that/which)yougiveme.（限制定從作賓語(yǔ)，可省that/which）關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則4.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，代人作主語(yǔ)只能用who,作賓語(yǔ)用who(m)均可，但是whom更為正式，很少用于口語(yǔ)。代物只能用which作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，不能用that，指的是某樣?xùn)|西，或者前面提到的一整件事。Iliketeachers,who

arehumorous.（代人做主語(yǔ)，不能用that）Iliketeachers,who(m)

Icanaskforhelp.（代人作賓語(yǔ)，who，whom均可）Ilikethisbook,which

yougiveme.（代物作賓語(yǔ)，指的是書(shū)）Hemademistakesagain,which

madetheheadteacherangry.(代物做主語(yǔ)，指的是一整件事)關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則5.如果先行詞和從句的主語(yǔ)有所屬關(guān)系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。whose也可以放在介詞后面：inwhosecar;fromwhosebook。Iliketheroomwhosewindow

faceseast.(房間的窗子)Iwenttohelphim,whose

moneygotlost.(他的錢)Ivisitedmyuncle,inwhosehouse

Ispentthesummervacation.關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則6.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句主語(yǔ)和先行詞存在整體與部分關(guān)系時(shí)，我們要用（all,both,each,many,most,neither,none,part,some,基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)）+ofwhich/whom。Theyaremystudents,threeofwhom

arefromBeijing.Ihavetenbooks,allofwhich

areinteresting.關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則7.介詞后面的關(guān)系詞只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。Heismyfriendwithwhom

Isharemyhappiness.ThisisareferencebookwithoutwhichIcouldn’tpasstheexam.練習(xí)Idon’tthinkthathewillcometoseeme,

makesmesad.Thisisthescientist

achievementsarewellknown.Heisafamousstar,in

gardenliesaswimmingpool.Helivedinabighouse,infrontof

stoodabigtalltree.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson,to

shecouldturnforhelp.whichwhosewhosewhichwhom關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則8.什么時(shí)候用關(guān)系副詞？

當(dāng)先行詞在從句中不作基本成分(主、賓、表)，而且先行詞表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)和原因，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。翻譯分別為：when(在那個(gè)時(shí)候)、where(在那個(gè)地方)、why(因?yàn)檫@樣)。why的先行詞一定是reason。Circlethetwo

clubswherethesetwoconversationshappened.(P12)Iwenttomyuncle’shouse,where

Ispentmyvacation.Nooneinmoderntimesknewaboutthetombuntil1974,when

somefarmersdiscoveredthetomb.(P30)Therewasatimewhen

thetwobrotherswalkedtoschool.Myclockdidn’tgooff.Thisisthereasonwhy

Iwaslateforclass.關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則9. 注意：當(dāng)有的先行詞表示一種抽象的地點(diǎn)且在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，不作基本成分時(shí)，要用where。該類詞有：point,case,activity,system,situation,

position,stage,occasion,job,race,letter,platform,email,environment,atmosphere等。Ijoinedalotofactivitieswhere

Ilearntalot.Hegaveuphisfirstjobwhere

hesufferedalot.練習(xí)Istillremembertheday

IfirstcametoBeijing.Istillrememberthedays

wespenttogether.Canyoutellmetheoffice

heworks?Theyhavereachedthepoint

theyhavetoseparate.Doyouknowthereason

heisabsent?He'sillbadly.Thisis

heisabsent.Heislateforschoolagain.Thisis

hisalarmclockdidn‘tgooff.whenthatwherewherewhywhybecause不缺成分缺成分不缺成分不缺成分定從；不缺成分表語(yǔ)從句接結(jié)果表語(yǔ)從句接原因關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則:特殊的引導(dǎo)詞as10. as引