【省公開課課件】閱讀理解技巧(Reading skills)

閱讀理解技巧

Readingskills

要求考生讀懂公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章。考生應(yīng)能：1.理解主旨要義2.理解文中具體信息3.根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4.作出簡單判斷和推測5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6.理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度２０19年高考考試說明中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求：What’sNMETreadinglike?OnReadingSixTypesofQuestions(題型)MainIdeaDetailsReasoningWordGuessingViewpointsandAttitudes主旨大意題事實細節(jié)題推理判斷題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題觀點態(tài)度題Structure詞義猜測題1.主旨大意型標題(besttitle）中心大意(mainidea)寫作目的（purpose）常見問題提問形式有：Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thesubject/topicofthearticleis……Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassage/authormainlydiscuss?What’sthemainpoint/mainidea/centralthoughtofthepassage?…OnReading標題的特點1、獨特新穎2、涵蓋性強3、短小精煉Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?Thebestheadlineforthisarticleis？

尋找主題句或主題段落注意頻繁出現(xiàn)的詞或句子沒有主題句的要從全文大意來概括解題技巧：常見問題形式有：OnReadingTitleMainIdea干擾項：

屬文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)；屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論；屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。正確答案：根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。OnReading1、文章目的：跟文章中心歸納一致。常用表達的句式：Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?6、作者的寫作目的：是作者寫這篇文章的言外之意。常用的表達句式：What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto…PurposeOnReading提醒：常常文章第一段的寫作目的是引出話題每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確地表達出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意。2.事實細節(jié)型

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why,etc.解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。OnReading1Whichofthefollowingstatement

is(not)true?2Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?5.…事實細節(jié)型命題方式OnReadingOnReading1.

Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans……2.Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby……3.Bysaying“…”,wemean……4.“…”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas……5.Theunderlinedphrase“…”isclosetinmeaningto…..?3.詞義猜測型命題方式生活常識上下文對比轉(zhuǎn)折因果關(guān)系同位關(guān)系同義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞法定義猜Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?OnReading詞義猜測型Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_____.Wecaninfer/learnfromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)

oftheauthor?Thepassageisintendedto_____.4.推理判斷型命題方式推理判斷型考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。以原文內(nèi)容為前提，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。小技巧：不選擇照抄原文的選項不選事實細節(jié)選項選概括性/哲理性的選項OnReadingOnedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）

andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”4Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment，itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease——cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?1、主題句出現(xiàn)在開頭。模式：總分（演繹法）即開門見山。新聞報道、說明文、議論文常用此方式。5.文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.２、主題句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。模式：分總（歸納法）即先擺事實，后作結(jié)論。

3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBeware

B.Closeout(出清存貨)SaleC.CrimePays

D.BuyingaTVSet

3、主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。模式：分總分（即通過導(dǎo)引部分引出主題再進行論述）。4.模式：總分總（U1Reading)

4.TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail5、無主題句。題目要從整體文章中概括。要特別留意文章的事實和線索。TypesOfParagraphStructuresTypeThepositionofthetopicsentenceInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforexample…so,therefore,…OnReadingdetailsParagraphideaspassageideaOnReading6.作者的觀點、態(tài)度、傾向作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不決，對記敘文或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨等。常用的表達句式：（1）Theauthor’sattitudetowards…is（2）Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitude?（3）Theauthorgivestheimpressionthat…（4）Thewriterbelieves/implies(隱含)/suggeststhat…Example

Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄),anddeath.Frankly,Iamsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto

.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.informAOnReading1.先看問題，再讀文章：帶著問題閱讀短文，確定主攻方向，特別要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主題和脈胳，摘取有用的材料，舍棄無關(guān)的信息，有的放矢，高效省時。

2.細讀全文，認真推敲：針對測試題的要求，細心閱讀與問題有關(guān)的詞匯、句子或段落，要特別留心一些關(guān)鍵信息詞，它們既是測試的重點，又是把握全文意思的突破口，因此，必須準確判斷，仔細斟酌，以便選出最佳答案。

3.回到文中原句，驗證答案閱讀理解的答題步驟及解題技巧絕對詞否決法:答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有:all,only，no,must,always,never,themost,haveto,any,very