【省公開課課件】閱讀理解技巧(Reading skills)

閱讀理解技巧

Readingskills

要求考生讀懂公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章。考生應(yīng)能：1.理解主旨要義2.理解文中具體信息3.根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4.作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推測(cè)5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6.理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度２０19年高考考試說明中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求：What’sNMETreadinglike?OnReadingSixTypesofQuestions(題型)MainIdeaDetailsReasoningWordGuessingViewpointsandAttitudes主旨大意題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題推理判斷題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題Structure詞義猜測(cè)題1.主旨大意型標(biāo)題(besttitle）中心大意(mainidea)寫作目的（purpose）常見問題提問形式有：Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thesubject/topicofthearticleis……Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassage/authormainlydiscuss?What’sthemainpoint/mainidea/centralthoughtofthepassage?…OnReading標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)1、獨(dú)特新穎2、涵蓋性強(qiáng)3、短小精煉Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?Thebestheadlineforthisarticleis？

尋找主題句或主題段落注意頻繁出現(xiàn)的詞或句子沒有主題句的要從全文大意來概括解題技巧：常見問題形式有：OnReadingTitleMainIdea干擾項(xiàng)：

屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；屬?gòu)奈闹心承?不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論；屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。正確答案：根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。OnReading1、文章目的：跟文章中心歸納一致。常用表達(dá)的句式：Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?6、作者的寫作目的：是作者寫這篇文章的言外之意。常用的表達(dá)句式：What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto…PurposeOnReading提醒：常常文章第一段的寫作目的是引出話題每篇文章都有一個(gè)特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個(gè)信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個(gè)道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確地表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意。2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why,etc.解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。OnReading1Whichofthefollowingstatement

is(not)true?2Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?5.…事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型命題方式OnReadingOnReading1.

Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans……2.Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby……3.Bysaying“…”,wemean……4.“…”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas……5.Theunderlinedphrase“…”isclosetinmeaningto…..?3.詞義猜測(cè)型命題方式生活常識(shí)上下文對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折因果關(guān)系同位關(guān)系同義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞法定義猜Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?OnReading詞義猜測(cè)型Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_____.Wecaninfer/learnfromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?Whatisthetone(語(yǔ)氣)

oftheauthor?Thepassageisintendedto_____.4.推理判斷型命題方式推理判斷型考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。以原文內(nèi)容為前提，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。小技巧：不選擇照抄原文的選項(xiàng)不選事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng)選概括性/哲理性的選項(xiàng)OnReadingOnedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）

andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”4Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment，itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease——cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?1、主題句出現(xiàn)在開頭。模式：總分（演繹法）即開門見山。新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文常用此方式。5.文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.２、主題句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。模式：分總（歸納法）即先擺事實(shí)，后作結(jié)論。

3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBeware

B.Closeout(出清存貨)SaleC.CrimePays

D.BuyingaTVSet

3、主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。模式：分總分（即通過導(dǎo)引部分引出主題再進(jìn)行論述）。4.模式：總分總（U1Reading)

4.TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail5、無(wú)主題句。題目要從整體文章中概括。要特別留意文章的事實(shí)和線索。TypesOfParagraphStructuresTypeThepositionofthetopicsentenceInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforexample…so,therefore,…OnReadingdetailsParagraphideaspassageideaOnReading6.作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、傾向作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不決，對(duì)記敘文或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨等。常用的表達(dá)句式：（1）Theauthor’sattitudetowards…is（2）Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitude?（3）Theauthorgivestheimpressionthat…（4）Thewriterbelieves/implies(隱含)/suggeststhat…Example

Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄),anddeath.Frankly,Iamsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto

.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.informAOnReading1.先看問題，再讀文章：帶著問題閱讀短文，確定主攻方向，特別要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主題和脈胳，摘取有用的材料，舍棄無(wú)關(guān)的信息，有的放矢，高效省時(shí)。

2.細(xì)讀全文，認(rèn)真推敲：針對(duì)測(cè)試題的要求，細(xì)心閱讀與問題有關(guān)的詞匯、句子或段落，要特別留心一些關(guān)鍵信息詞，它們既是測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)，又是把握全文意思的突破口，因此，必須準(zhǔn)確判斷，仔細(xì)斟酌，以便選出最佳答案。

3.回到文中原句，驗(yàn)證答案閱讀理解的答題步驟及解題技巧絕對(duì)詞否決法:答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有:all,only，no,must,always,never,themost,haveto,any,very