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2022-2023學(xué)摸底考試英語試題一、閱讀理解Sittingontheedgeoftheworld,Sydneyisconsideredasoneoftheworld’sgreatestcitiesforareason.WanttorelaxyourselfinSydney?ThisshortlistofthingstodoandseeinSydneyshouldpointyouintherightdirection.HitthebeachesEveryoneknowsaboutBondiBeachanditsIcebergspool,restaurantsandthecrashingwavesarethepostcardimageofSydney.Bondiisagreatplacetostart.Butafteryou’vecaughtsomesunortakenasurflessonwithLet’sGoSurfing,we’dsuggesttakingtheCoogeeCoastalWalk.BeginningattheBondiIcebergsswimclub,the3.7-milewalkaffordsamazingcliffsideviewsofrockpoolsandbays.CatchashowSydneyisfullofeventsandperformanceseverynightoftheweek.ThefirstplacethatjumpstomindistheiconicSydneyOperaHouse,designedbyJ?rnUtzon.AUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,thisincrediblepieceofarchitecturedoesn’tjustdoopera.You’llalsofindstand-upcomedy,ballets,andmore.Butit’snottheonlyplaceinSydneyputtingonashow.The1920sStateTheatre,inthecentralbusinessdistrict,isknowntohostinternationalballets,concertsandworld-classorchestras.GotothezooFromtheskylineviewstothecharminggrounds,there’sareasonwhySydney’sTarongaZooattractsmorethan1millionvisitorseveryyear.Theexpansivespaceplayshosttomorethan4,000animals,includingtigers,giraffes,kangaroos,platypus,koalas,Komododragons,elephants,lions,chimpsandmore.Loveitsomuchthatyouneverwanttoleave?Staythenightinoneofitsluxurysafari(狩獵)tents.ClimbthebridgeNicknamed“thecoathanger”,theSydneyHarbourBridgeopenedin1932.LiketheSydneyOperaHouse,itwasanengineeringmasterpiecethatwaswayaheadofitstime.Sure,youcanwalkorcycleacrossthebridge,butthebestwaytoappreciatethearchitecturalwonderisupcloseandpersonal.WhatcanyoudoatBondiBeach?Enjoyanoutdoorconcert.B.AppreciateincredibleC.Enjoycliffsideviews. D.CyclealongtheCoogeeCoast.What’srecommendedforanovernightstayinTarongaZoo?Inasafaritent. B.Inyourowncar.C.Atafive-starhotel. D.Onarestbench.WhatdoSydneyOperaHouseandHarbourBridgehaveinA.Theybothholdoperas.Theyareengineeringclassics.Theywerebuiltinthe19thcentury.TheyareontheUNESCOWorldHeritagelist.Imaginethatyoutakeawalkaroundyouryardornearbyparkandimmediately,thesoundsofaninsectbandsurroundyou.Producedbythemuscularmovementsofinsectscalledtreehopper(角蟬),thisimaginedsoundscapecomesfromvibrations(共鳴、振動(dòng))thatflowthesurfaceofplants.Butitisnotatalllikethefamiliarvocalizationsofcrickets(蟋蟀);instead,it’ssomethingricher,morevaried.Somesoundsaresong-like,othersaresimilartothenoisesofmachinesormusicalinstruments.Thenoisemadefromevensingleplantmaybe“asnoisyasabusystreet”.InAnImmenseWorld:HowAnimalSensesRevealtheHiddenRealmsAroundUs,Pulitzerprize-winningsciencejournalistEdYongexplainsthat,onarealwalkinsteadofthisonewe’veimagined,humanswouldnotbeabletohearthetreehoppers’musicwithoutspecialequipment.Inthecompanyofscientistswithalaservibrometer(振動(dòng)計(jì)),adevicethatchangesthetreehoppervibrationsintosoundsaudibletohumanears,Yonggetstoheartheminthewildandinthelaboratory.Heisshockedbytheattractivesounds.Inthisbookthatfollowsonfrom2018’sIContainMultitudes,Yongwritesinaperfectbalanceofscientificseverityandpersonalaweasheinvitesreaderstograspsomethingofhowotheranimalsexperiencetheworld.Communicatingthroughsurfacevibrationsisarathercoolexamplethatextendsbeyondtreehopperstoelephantsandspiders,andtothisfactaboutfrogs.Attunedtovibrationsenteringtheeggs,froghatchesquicklyifasnakeshowsupwithahardbite,butignorerain,wind,footstepsandevenanearthquake.Myadmirationforthebookis,well,immense.Likemanythousandsofotherpeople,IhavereliedthroughoutthecourseofCOVID-19onYong’sreportingatTheAtlanticashecrackedopenthefast-changingworldofpandemicscience.Now,withAnImmenseWorld,Yongbringsintobeautifulfocusahostofotheranimalsensoryworldsthatco-existwithours,andhowwemayprotectthem.HowdoesthesoundscapecomeaboutaccordingtoparagraphA.Itcomesfromhumans’muscles.Itarisesfromthevocalizationsofcrickets.Itcomesfromanimaginableworld.Itarisesfromvibrationsflowingacrossthesurfaceofplants.WhycanYonghearthetreehopper’sA.Becauseofalaserdevice.Becauseofthesurfaceofplants.Becauseofthenatureoftheinsects.Becauseofthespecialimaginableenvironment.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnImmenseA.Itappealstoallkindsofpeoples.Itisaimedatprotectingtheanimals.Itisscheduledtobepublishednextyear.Itdescribesavirtualworldfullofanimals.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Ahistoricalnovel.C.Abookreview. D.Apersonalbiography.StanfordUniversityresearchershavedevelopedadevicecalledanature-inspiredaerialgrasper,orSNAG,whichcanbeattachedtoaquadcopterdrone(四軸無人機(jī))togiveitfeetandlegslikethoseofaneagle.Whenequippedwiththedevice,thedroneisabletoflyaroundcatchingandcarryingobjectsandperching(棲息)onvarioussurfaces,accordingtoaStanfordnewsreleasedatedDec.1,2021,describingthework.Butcopyingtheflexibilityofbirdswasn’teasytodo.Theresearchersshotvideosofsmallparrotsflyingbackandforthbetweenspecialperchesthatcontainedsensorstomeasurethephysicalforcesoflanding,perchingandtakeoff.“Whatsurpriseduswasthattheydidthesameaerialmilitaryexercise,nomatterwhatsurfacestheywerelandingon,”oneoftheresearchers,WilliamRoderick,explainedinthenewsrelease.“Theyletthefeethandlethevariabilityandcomplexityofthesurfacetextureitself,”hesaid.Givingadronesimilarabilitiesrequiredtechnologicalfeat.SNAGhasa3D-printedstructurethatimitatesaneagle’slightweightbones,andeachofitslegsisequippedwithamotorformovingbackandforthandasecondoneforgrasping.Mechanismsintherobot’slegsaredesignedtoabsorbimpactenergyandpassivelychangeitintograspingforce,thewaythatabird’smuscleswould.Asaresult,adroneequippedwiththedevicecangraspsomethingstronglyinjust20milliseconds.Oncetherobot’sfeetarewrappedaroundaperch,itsankleslockandanaccelerometer—adevicethatmeasuresvibration-detectsthelandingandactivatesabalancingalgorithm(算法)tostabilizeitontheperch.Elsewhere,researchersatotherinstitutionsalsohavebeenworkingforyearsongivingdronestheabilitytolandandhangontosomething.Asthis2019Smithsonianarticleexplains,beingabletolandinvariousplaceshelpsdronestoconserveenergythatwouldexpendbyhavingtoremainintheair.That’simportant,becausetheflighttimeofroboticaircraftsislimitedbytheirbatterypower.WhatinspiredtheSNAG’sdevelopment?Thewayparrotsperch. B.Themilitaryexercise.C.The3D-printedtechnology. D.Theeagle’slightweightbones.Whatmakesthedrones’grabbingsomethingstronglysopossible?Thepowerfulbattery.Theirabilitytoimitateparrots’takingoff.Theapplicationofadvancedflyingtechniques.Themechanicaldevicesmodelingabird’smuscles.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Flighttimeisnotvitaltothedrones.After2019,researchersquiteffortstoimproveflighttime.Flighttimehasbeenaproblembeforethisstudy.Researchingtheabilitytolandandhangontosomethingmeaningless.WhatisthemostsuitabletitlefortheA.Drones,anapplicationtothemilitaryB.Roboticdrones,reallylikebirdsC.Roboticdrones,acomparisonofbirdsD.Quadcopterdrones,advancedtechnologyAnewstudysuggeststhatcropinsuranceservesasadisincentive(抑制因素)forfarmerstoadoptclimatechangereliefmeasuresontheircroplands.ThestudybyresearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityexaminedtheinteractionsofwarmertemperatures,cropyield(產(chǎn)量)riskandcropinsuranceparticipationbyfarmers.Forthestudy,researchersdevelopedmodelsusinghistoricalcounty-levelcornandsoybeanyielddataintheUnitedStates,withaneyetowardunderstandingtheproductionimpactsofrisingtemperatures.Theresearchersfoundthatvariationincropyieldduetohighertemperaturesrosewhenmorefarmershadcropinsurance.Interestingly,theresultsshowedgreatervariabilityeffectsforcornyieldsthanforsoybeanyields.“Thiscouldbeanunintendedconsequenceofthegovernment’sprovidingsubsidiesforcropinsurance,whichcostsalargesumofmoney,”saidRodM.Rejesus,professorofagriculturalandresourceeconomicsatNCStateandtheauthoroftheresearchstudy.“Theconceptofmoralcrisiscouldbepresenthere.Ifinsurancewillcovercroplossesduetovariouseffectslikedroughtorsevereweather,afarmermaynotwanttopaytheextraexpenseforclimatechangeadaptationeffortssuchasusingcovercropstoimprovesoilhealth,forexample.”Thestudymodelsindicatethatanincreaseofdailyminimumandmaximumtemperaturesof1degreeCelsiuswouldincreasecounty-levelcornyieldvariabilityby8.6bushels(1bushelequalsto35.24L)peracreif80%offarmersinacountyhavecropinsurance.Thesametemperatureriseinacountywith10%cropinsuranceparticipationwouldincreasecornyieldvariabilitybyjust6.2bushelsperacre.Theresearchersbringuppossiblesolutionstothissituationforpolicymakers.Theyincludeprovidingmoresubsidiestoencouragefarmers’useofclimatechangereliefefforts—likesoilhealthpractices—andstartinghigh-levelpolicyconversationsabouthowtopossiblyadjustrulesandguidelinesthatgoverncropinsurancecontractsinordertoreducethedisincentiveeffects.Whatdoesthestudyfindaboutcropinsurance?Itensurescropproduction.
Itleadstounexpectedeffects.ItresultsinworseclimateD.Itdoesn’tbringanybenefitschange. farmers.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subsidies”inparagraph4A.Marketsupport. B.Verbalsupport.C.Technicalassistance. D.Financialaid.Whatmightexplaintheunintendedconsequenceofcropinsurance?A.Moralcrisis. B.Lawissue.C.Studymodels. D.Customchange.Howdidtheauthorshowtheeffectsofcropinsuranceonyieldvariability?A.Bydoingexperiments. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Bylistingfigures. D.Byconsultingexperts.二、七選五Asoftenaswemovearoundthesedaysforschool,workorlongdistancefriendshipsarearealityofadulthood. 16 ,there’snoreasontoletdistancekeepyoufromstayingconnected.BedefiniteandintentionalaboutkeepingyourlongdistancefriendIfyouwanttokeeppeopleinyourlife,youhavetotellthemandbereadytoputintheeffort.Whetheryou’vejustmovedawayfromyourfriendoryou’vebeenapartforyears,longdistancefriendshipsrequireareciprocal(相的)commitment. 17 .Thatmeansfindingtimetohangout.Thatmeansshowingyourfriendthatyouvaluethem.Andthereciprocalistrue—rememberthattheyvalueyou,too.UsecommonintereststofeelconnectedandgetrealDevelopan“anchor”foryourfriendship.Ananchorissomethingthatyouhaveincommonthatactsasatriggertoreachouttoeachother. 18 soyoueachsendphotosofthenewdishesyoumakewithalinktotherecipe.Oryoubothlove,let’ssay,HBOshowEuphoria,andyoutexttodiscussaftereachepisode(集)comesout.Itdoesn’treallymatterwhatitis,aslongasithelpsyoustartaconnection.Don’thesitatetoreachoutIfyoutwofeellikeyourcommunicationisboring,don’tbeafraidtobethefirstonetoreachout.Itshowsyourfriendthattheydon’tneedtofearrejection.Bycreatingthespacetomakefriendfeelvalued,wehelpthembecomemorecourageoustotakeofintimacy(親密)withus. 19 .20Separationishard.Miscommunicationhappens.Andbecausethere’sjustalimitedamountoftimeyougetwithyourfriend,it’seasytoletconflictsgounaddressed.Trynottosweepthingsundertherug.Infact,addressingconflictisoneofthewaysyoucanbecomecloserwithyourfriend.ThatmeansreachingoutMaybeyoubothlovecookingBevitaltocommunicateopenlyIfyoudeterminetoabandonthefriendshipE.Conflictsarenaturalandhealthy—addressthemF.WhiletheymightrequiresomeplansandcreativitytokeepupG.Wehelpcreatethespaceforthemtowanttoinvestmorewithus三、完形填空Anactofkindnesshaswarmedpeople’sheartsafterastrangerleftanoteandboxesoffreefoodoutinapark.Thelastyearhasbeenanespecially 21 timeformany.Therearenumerouspeoplewhofindthemselvesin 22 ofahelp.Andonekind 23 hastakenituponthemselvesmakeadifferencetosomeoneinneed.Theydidsoby 24 foodsuppliesonaparkbenchforpeoplecollect,freeof 25 .Alocalresident 26 theboxesandbagsoffreefoodonabenchwhile 27 throughLeithLinkspark.then 28 itviaFacebookalertingothersthatmaybestrugglingforfoodduringthecold 29 period.Thephotoshowedthereweretwobigboxesandabagpackedfullof 30 suchasbread,rolls,fruitandvegetablesa 31 attachedthatread:“Freetouse,pleaseputthelidbackon.”The 32 whosharedthecollectionoffoodcommented,“Whata 33 thingtodo.”Thisisn’tthefirsttimeasimilar 34 ofgoodwillhasbeenspottedoverthelastfewyearsintheareatohomelessindividualsandthosestruggling 35 .inthecommentssaidthatthishasbeena 36 occurrenceovertheyears,withonesoultakingituponthemselvesto 37 helpduringthewintermonths.21.A.greatB.difficultC.successfulD.excellent22.21.A.greatB.difficultC.successfulD.excellent22.A.needB.honorC.memoryD.support23.A.farmerB.soulC.mindD.teacher24.A.spoilingB.makingC.leavingD.selling25.A.payB.controlC.holdD.charge26.A.cameacross B.tookin C.gaveout D.send27.A.driving B.looking C.walking 28.A.ignored B.declared C.promoted 29.A.summer B.winter C.a(chǎn)utumn 30.A.belongings B.materials C.supplies 31.A.note B.letter C.diary 32.A.journalist B.local C.photographer 33.A.usual B.common C.kind 34.A.gesture B.organization C.number 35.A.constantly B.personally C.physically 36.A.recent B.clear C.regular 37.A.a(chǎn)rrange B.pretend C.prevent 38.A.suffered B.differed C.heard 39.A.frighten B.benefit C.a(chǎn)muse 40.A.shoulders B.a(chǎn)rms C.legs D.backs四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Everypersoninthisworldhastheirownuniqueexperiencesandchallenges—andjustbecausetheyaren’tuniversal,itdoesn’tmeantheyaren’tthere.That’swheretheHumanLibraryprojectcomesin.Itgivesusachance41(explore)thestoriesthatmightneverknowaboutotherwise.Itgivesus42uniqueopportunitytolookattheworldtheeyesofothers.Itisdonewithout 43 (judge),anditleadsunderstanding.TheHumanLibrarystarted 44 theconceptoflivingbooks.Eachpersonbecameanopen“book”andsharedtheirownexperiencesinlife.Theywouldtalkabout 45 lifewaslikeintheirshoes.Theprojectbeganwithfiftydifferenthumanbookswhichwerehigh
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