英語語法-省略句

英語語法省略句12為什么要省略避開重復(fù)，讓語言更加簡潔3非替代式省略主語的省略Sitdown,please.Givemethepen,willyou?(It/That)soundsgreat.(I)begyourpardon.4表語的省略—Isyourfatheraworker?—Yes,heis(aworker).—Areyouwelltoday?—Yes,Iam(well).5“主語+謂語”的省略Although(heis)aboysixyearold,heknowsalot.If(youare)interestedinasubject,youwilllearnitwell.6“主語+動詞+賓語”的省略—Forwhomyouboughtthebirthdaypresent?—Formymother(Iboughtthebirthdaypresent).7名詞短語中中心詞的省略Abirdinhandisworthtwo(birds)inbush.Heisthefirst(student)tocomeintoclassandthelast(student)toleave.8全部格后名詞的省略Hestayedathisgrandpa's(house)foraweek.SheboughtthecoatatMary's(shop).9兩個名詞并列時，其次個名詞前的冠詞可省略。Boththerichand(the)poorshouldenjoythesameright.Itisapenor(a)pencil?10并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，相同句子成分的省略Ilikenoodlesbutmyhusbandhates(noodles).Mymothergoestoworkbybusandmyfather(goestowork)bycar.IlikeEnglishmorethan(Ilike)math.Hisfatherloveshimmorethanhisfather(loveshim).Tomishard-workingbutJohn(is)lazy.Youcangotherebybusor(by)train.11關(guān)系代詞的省略Heistheman(that/who/whom)Imetyesterday.Thepen(that)IpickedupontheroadandthatIputinmypencilboxhadgone.12關(guān)系副詞的省略Bythetime(when)hewassix,hehadsethislife-longaim.Istillrememberthefirstday(when)Iwenttoschool.EverytimeIseethepicture,Iwillrecallmychildhood.用在某些表示時間名詞后的關(guān)系副詞可省略，如：thetime、everytime、eachtime、themoment等。當(dāng)先行詞為way時，關(guān)系副詞常常省略。Iappreciatetheway(that/inwhich)youteachus.Heplaysbasketballthewayhisfatherdoes.13代替式省略do用來代替動詞或動詞加其它成分。TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes(=runs).Didyouwatertheflowerstoday?Yes,Idid(=wateredtheflowers).Hedidn’tpassthedrivingtest,butIwishhehaddone(=passedthedrivingtest).14to在省略結(jié)構(gòu)中代替不定式，常同want,try,expect,hope,like,refuse,forget,remember,wish,mean,intend等連用。MaybeIhavehurthim,butIdon'tmeanto(hurthim).Iaskedhimtolockthedoor,butheforgotto(lockthedoor).Heisadoctorbuthedoesn'twanttobe(adoctor).—Hashealreadyfoundajob?—Yes,heislikelytohave(alreadyfoundajob).15so可以代替單詞、詞組或句子，作call,expect,think,believe,suppose,guess,hope,do,fear,imagine,hear,say,tell,beafraid,notice等賓語，not用以代替否定的句子，用法與so相像，并可放在perhaps、probably、absolutely等副詞后面。HeismybestfriendandIdohopehecanremainso(mybestfriend).TheherosacrificedhisownlifetosaveagirlandsoI'veheard.(Theherosacrificedhisownlifetosaveagirl.)HesayssheisagoodmotherbutIthinknot.Suchabadmanshoulddothisgoodindeed,absolutelynot.16doso、dothat和doit代替“動詞+賓語”或“動詞+狀語”。HesaidhewouldreadEnglishbooks,buthedidn’tdoso(=readEnglishbooks).Hismothertoldhimtogetupearly,buthedidn’tdoso(=getupearly).HewantstomakeavisitandIalsowanttodoit.Shetriestofindagoodjobandfinallyshedoesthat.17one和ones代替可數(shù)名詞Thiscoatisalittlebig.Canyougivemeabiggerone?Pleasegivemeanother(this,that)one.18介詞的省略動名詞前in/at的省略Itisnouse/good(in)doingsth.Thereisnouse/point/hurry/good(in)doingsth.bebusy(in)doingsth.employ/engage/occupy/busyoneself(in)doingsth.taketurns(in,at)doingsth.spend/lose/wastetime/money/energy(in)doingsth.beemployed/engaged/occupied(in)doingsth.havedifficulty/trouble/hardtime/business(in)doingsth.19當(dāng)連接代詞what/whose、連接副詞how/when以及whether引導(dǎo)的從句或不定式短語時，其前面的of、about、asto等常可省略。Idon'tcare(about)whatsheis.Hehasnoidea(about/asto)howtosolvetheproblem.Themanwasn'taware(of)howhegotlost.20表示一段時間或方式短語中的for、in、by等常常省略，但當(dāng)介詞短語放在句首或是在否定句中時for一般不行省略。Themeetinglasts(for)abouttwohours.Wecan'till-treatchildren(in)thisway.Youcansolvethepuzzle(by)usingthismethod.Ihaven'tseenyouforalongtime.Formanyyearstheyhavebeenmarried.21當(dāng)表語為size、age、color、height、weight、length、volume、width、shape等時，其前的of可以省略。Thetwopairsofshoesare(of)thesamesize.Theseboxesare(of)thesameweight.22狀語從句中的省略主從句主語一樣狀語從句中謂語動詞含有be動詞將狀語從句的主語連同be動詞一起省略。但是由after、before、because等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句一般要改成介詞短語的形式，用動名詞being代替省去的be（因為after、before本身就可作為介詞，而because的介詞短語為becauseof）。23Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Becauseofbeingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Beforehewasadmitted,heentered.Beforebeingadmitted,heentered.Afterhewascaughtbythepolice,thethiefadmitted.Afterbeingcaughtbythepolice,thethiefadmitted.When(shewas)cooking,shethoughtofhermother.If(themanwas)moreinterestedinhisjob,hewouldbepromotedtoahigherrankinthecompany.While(youare)onthetopofthemountain,youcanhaveawonderfulviewofthewholecity.Although(hewas)beatenbyhisfather,hedidn'tcry.Heisfatterthan(heis)ever.When(theyare)ripe,applesturnredandyellow.24主從句主語一樣狀語從句謂語動詞是純do的形式（即do、does、did、havedone、hasdone、haddone這幾種形式，do不行和其它助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用）時，可以將狀語從句的主語省略，將相應(yīng)的謂語變?yōu)榉侵^語，即doing或havingdone兩種形式（因為狀語從句的主語在謂語中沒有be動詞的狀況下，只可能是主動關(guān)系，不行能是被動關(guān)系），而且引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞一般都可省。狀語從句中謂語動詞不含有be動詞25Whenhewalkedinthepark,hemethisoldfriend.Whenwalkinginthepark,hemethisoldfriend.Walkinginthepark,hemethisoldfriend.IfIhavefinishedmyhomework,Iwillbefreenow.Ifhavingfinishedmyhomework,Iwillbefreenow.Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwillbefreenow.26主從句主語不一樣當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句的主語不一樣時，當(dāng)省略掉連詞以后，要保留各自的主語不行省略。把從句的謂語動詞變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞形式。Becausehewaslateforschool,histeacherpunishedhim.Hebeinglateforschool,histeacherpunishedhim.Whentheboydoesalotofhomework,hismotherisveryhappy.Theboydoingalotofhousework,hismotherisveryha