2020年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練專(zhuān)題05-形容詞和副詞和比較等級(jí)

2020年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破專(zhuān)題五形容詞和副詞+比較等級(jí)重難點(diǎn)分析形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)是英語(yǔ)高考語(yǔ)法填空的?？键c(diǎn)，命題形式一般是用所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空若是需要填more,most或fewer,less,least時(shí)，可能也會(huì)不給出原級(jí)。系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)和一些常用副詞(seldom,even,enough,never,hardly也是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。一、形容詞和副詞在句中的作用形容詞在句中通常作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：Englishisausefullanguage.英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)有用的語(yǔ)言。(作定語(yǔ))Englishisuseful.英語(yǔ)很有用。(作表語(yǔ))IfindEnglishuseful.我覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)很有用。(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))副詞在句中作做狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、另一副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，或者整個(gè)句子。如：Hewalkedquicklyinordertogetthereontime他為了按時(shí)到達(dá)那里，走得很快。(修飾動(dòng)詞walked)Hewalkedveryquickly他走得很快。Obviously.Ibelievewecanwinit.顯然，我相信我能夠贏得勝利。二、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞副詞的規(guī)則變化。一般在詞尾直接加er或est。如：long—longer—longest。以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，在詞尾直接加r或st。如：nice—nicer—nicesto以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，把y變?yōu)閕,再加er或est。如：heavy—heavier—heaviest。以“一個(gè)元音字母+—個(gè)輔音字母"結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)末尾這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或esto如：big—bigger—biggest。部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。如：slowly—moreslowly—mostslowly；beautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful。形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)的常用句型。表示相等：as+原級(jí)+as表示不如：notas/so+原級(jí)+as表示超出：比較級(jí)+than表示"最”：the+最高級(jí)+of/in短語(yǔ)(表示比較的范圍)注意：除了“the+最高級(jí)”外，最高級(jí)還有其他的表達(dá)方式。如：否定詞never等與比較級(jí)連用；比較級(jí)+thananyother+名詞單數(shù)；比較級(jí)+thananyoftheother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)；比較級(jí)+thananyoneelse等。如：Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice她唱得多好聽(tīng)呀！我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更好的聲音。表示"越……越……”：the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)表示"越來(lái)越”：比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)表示“與其......不如......”：more...than...the+比較級(jí)特指兩個(gè)人或者連個(gè)食物中較為突出的一個(gè)。Ifthemanagerhadtochooseoneofthetwo,hewouldsayTimwasthebetterchoice.如果說(shuō)經(jīng)理一定得從這兩個(gè)人中選擇一個(gè)，他會(huì)說(shuō)Tim是更好的選擇。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法：A+be+倍數(shù)as+計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí)+asBThishouseisthreetimesaswideasthatone.這個(gè)房子是那個(gè)房子的三倍寬。A+be+倍數(shù)+計(jì)量形容詞比較級(jí)+thanBThecarisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone這輛車(chē)比那本恰好貴5倍。A+be+倍數(shù)+the+計(jì)量名詞+ofBThenewlibraryisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone新的圖書(shū)館是以前的四倍大。The+計(jì)量名詞+ofA+be+倍數(shù)+thatofBThesizeofthenewsquareisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone新廣場(chǎng)為以前的四倍大。三、形容詞、副詞原級(jí)及比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常用句型名稱句型例句相等as+原級(jí)+asThetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train.這列車(chē)和3:55的列車(chē)開(kāi)得一樣快。as+原級(jí)+a/an+名詞單數(shù)+asHeisashonestamanasyou.他和你一樣是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。asmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as；asmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+asIhaveasmanybooksasyou.我和你一樣有許多書(shū)。倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+名詞Myroomistwiceasbigasmybrother's.我的房間是我兄弟的兩倍大。不及notas+原級(jí)+asSheisnotasbeautifulashersister.她不如她妹妹漂亮。超越比較級(jí)+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.健康比金錢(qián)重要。the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo兩者中較??????的一個(gè)Heisthetallerofthetwo.他是兩者中較咼的一個(gè)。否定no+比較級(jí)+than和……一樣不Heisnoricherthan1.他和我一樣不富有。not+比較級(jí)再......不過(guò)(可譯為"非常、十分")Hisworkcouldn'tbeworse.他的工作糟得不能再糟了。程度遞增-erand-er,moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞越來(lái)越……h(huán)igherandhigher越來(lái)越高moreandmoreimportant越來(lái)越重要兩種情況同時(shí)變化the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)越......，越......Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave.你越快準(zhǔn)備好，我們就能越早離開(kāi)。三者或三者以上比較the+最咼級(jí)+of/in+比較范圍……之中最……Theyhavegotsomeofthemostbeautifulthingsintheworld.他們這兒擁有一些世界上最美的東西。注意：nomore(...)than與notmore(...)than的用法在英語(yǔ)里面有很多短語(yǔ)都有其約定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象這樣的短語(yǔ)有很多，這里先把大家覺(jué)得比較頭疼的nomore(...)than與notmore(...)than的用法解釋清楚，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助：不用于比較，后接數(shù)詞時(shí)，nomorethan意為“僅僅、只不過(guò)、只有”(=only),而notmorethan意為"至多、不超過(guò)”(=atthemost)。如：Therearenomorethanfifteeneggsinthebasket.籃子里只有15個(gè)雞蛋。(暗指15個(gè)雞蛋太少)Therearenotmorethanfifteeneggsinthebasket.籃子里至多有15個(gè)雞蛋。(暗指可能少于15個(gè))用于兩者的比較時(shí)，“no+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than”是對(duì)兩者的否定，相當(dāng)于neither...nor..。如：Thisstoryisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.(=Neitherthisstorynorthatoneisinteresting.)這個(gè)故事和那個(gè)故事一樣沒(méi)趣?！皀ot+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than”是普通的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者不如后者，相當(dāng)于notas/so...as...。如:Thisstoryisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.(=Thisstoryisnotas/sointerestingasthatone.)這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)故事有趣。四、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)

1用于原級(jí)之前almost,nearly,just,quite,half,twice,threetimes等Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.這條河是那條河是三倍長(zhǎng)。2用于比較級(jí)前many,afew（用于"more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前）Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.坐火車(chē)去那里比坐飛機(jī)要花多好多個(gè)小時(shí)。alot,much,even,still,far,agreatdeal,rather,twoyears,5%,twice等Mydesk-mateisevenfatterthanme.我同桌甚至比我還胖。3用于最高級(jí)前thevery,muchthe,byfar,nearly,bynomeans,almost,notreally,thefirst/second等Thiscakeisbyfarthelargestintheworld.這個(gè)蛋糕是迄今為止世界上最大的。五、兩種形式的副詞：一個(gè)與形容詞同形，一個(gè)以-ly結(jié)尾1hardhardlyhard刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；費(fèi)力地Hestudiesveryhard.他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。hardly幾乎不；簡(jiǎn)直不Wehardlyhadtimetoeatbreakfast.我們幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間吃早飯。2highhighlyhigh冋冋地；地位冋；聲音冋Theplaneflieshigh.飛機(jī)飛得很高。highly高度地；非常（常和praise,speak等動(dòng)詞連用）Theyspokeveryhighlyofhim.他們稱贊他。3deepdeeplydeep修飾具體動(dòng)作時(shí),往往兩個(gè)詞可互換，但多用deepTheyhadtodigverydeep/deeplyinordertofindwater?他們必須挖得很深，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)水。表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)只用deep（此時(shí)多于介詞、副詞連用）Themeetingcontinueddeepintothenight.會(huì)議持續(xù)到了深夜。deeply修飾形容詞或過(guò)去分詞只能用deeplyIamdeeplygratefultoyou.我非常感謝你。deeply可與hate,dislike,regret,admire,love,value等動(dòng)詞連用，但不能與動(dòng)詞like連用Ideeplyregrethisdeath.我對(duì)他的去世深感遺憾。4late遲；晚Thebusarrived5minuteslate.公共汽車(chē)遲到了五分鐘。

latelatelylately最近；不久前(同recently)Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?最近你在做什么？aslateas與aslatelyas都有“近至、直到"之意，用法相同Isawhimatlate/latelyasyesterday.直到昨天我才看見(jiàn)他。5nearnearlynear近；臨近；在附近Thetraincamenearerandnearer.火車(chē)越來(lái)越近了。nearly幾乎；差不多；將近Itisnearlytheno'clock.差不多十點(diǎn)鐘了。6closecloselyclose靠近；挨近；接近ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.走近點(diǎn)以便我能看清你。closely緊密地；緊緊地；秘密地；仔細(xì)地；嚴(yán)密地Wefollowedcloselyafterhim.我們緊緊地跟在他后面。六、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞1表示時(shí)間的形容詞hourly每小時(shí)的，daily每天的，nightly每晚的，weekly每周的，monthly每月的，quarterly每季度的，yearly每年的，early早的，timely及時(shí)的；適時(shí)的Thistheatrewillgiveanightlyperformance.這個(gè)劇院將上演口晚會(huì)。2表示人的形容詞manly男子氣的，womanly女人氣的，wifely妻子似的，fatherly父親般的，childly孩子般的，comradely同志式的Whatarewifelyduties?什么是做妻子的責(zé)任？3表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞lovely可愛(ài)的，friendly友好的，ugly難看的，lively活潑的，lonely孤獨(dú)的，unfriendly不友好的，kindly和藹的，sickly病弱的，poorly貧窮的，elderly年長(zhǎng)的，homely樸實(shí)的、不漂亮的Childrenareusuallylively.孩子們常常是精力充沛的/活潑的。4表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞likely可能的，orderly整齊的，costly花費(fèi)大的，deadly致命的，mannerly有禮貌的，chilly冷的，disorderly亂七八糟的，unlikely不可能的Pleaseleaveourclassroominanorderlyway.讓我們的教室整整齊齊的。注意:elder與older，這兩個(gè)詞都是形容詞old的比較級(jí)形式，區(qū)別在于：(1)elder指"年長(zhǎng)的”,常修飾人，用來(lái)表示出生順序的前后和年齡的長(zhǎng)幼，常作定語(yǔ)，不可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。（2）older指“年紀(jì)較大的、較老的、較舊的”，修飾人或物都行。既可作定語(yǔ)，也可作表語(yǔ)，可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Myelderbrotheristwoyearsolderthanme.我的哥哥比我年長(zhǎng)兩歲。七、senior,junior,superior,inferior等詞與to連用1能與to連用，但不能與than連用superior優(yōu)秀的、咼級(jí)的（反義詞inferior）Thisrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek.這家飯館比我們上周去的那家好。senior年長(zhǎng)的、地位咼的、資格老的（反義詞junior）Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.她在公司里比其他人資格都要老。2既不能與than連用，又不能與to連用的major主要的，minor次要的，表示不太重要或較次要。Theyoungactresswasgivenaminorpartinthenewplay.這年輕的女演員在這部新戲里被分配擔(dān)任一個(gè)小角色。Whatisthemajorindustryofournation?我們國(guó)家的主要工業(yè)是什么？八、某些以a-開(kāi)頭的表語(yǔ)形容詞以a-開(kāi)頭的只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞有afraid,alone,asleep,alive,alike,aware,awake,ashamed等。這類(lèi)形容詞一般都不能用very修飾，但可用much或verymuch等修飾。如：不能說(shuō)：Iamveryalone.只可以說(shuō)：Iammuch/verymuchalone.另外，若它們本身帶有修飾語(yǔ)，則也可用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。如：thefastasleepchildren熟睡的孩子areallyalivestudent真正活躍的學(xué)生九、多個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的排列順序限定詞（冠詞/代詞）T數(shù)詞T描繪形容詞T大小T形狀T新舊T年齡T顏色T國(guó)籍T材料+名詞。如:asmallroundwoodentable一張小圓木桌anoldChinesestonebridge一座中式老石橋theman'sfirsttwofamoussmallredFrenchoilpaintings這個(gè)人的頭兩幅著名的紅色法國(guó)小油畫(huà)注意：enough修飾形容詞時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之后。十、有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)副詞有actually,anyway,interestingly,strangely,eventually,fortunately,luckily,obvious等。如:Obviously,youransweristotallywrong.很明顯，你的答案全錯(cuò)了。Interestingly,hewasonlyelevenwhenhecomposedthesonata.有趣的是，他寫(xiě)那一首奏鳴曲時(shí)年僅十一歲。考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~、副詞或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Thenumberofthetreesthatthevillagersplantedlastyearreachedasas6,000,000.Therewassosmokethattheycouldn'tseeacrossthehallway.Mylittlebrotherisnotoldtogotoschool.Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucandothanwait.Imustbegettingfat—Icandomytrousersup.Theyarelittleinsectsthatwecannoteasilyseethemwithoureyes.Therewaslittlefoodleftthenthatwehadtoturntothelocalpeopleforhelp.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuchshewasgetting.Ihaven'tseenthemovieandmybrotherhaven't.Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillbelievehim.Johnisverylazy.Hefallsbehindinhisstudies.Twopassengersfellintothesea.,neitherofthemcouldswim.WetalkedintothenightandIwasmovedbyhiswords.(deep)IfoundhistalkveryandIwasreallyinit.(interest)Whoisthegreatestpoet(live)?Themorewordsyouknow,the(easy)youcanread.Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels(little)desiretogotobed.Wehavea(month)rainfalloffourinchesinwinterhere.Heisbyfarthe(good)studentinhisclass.Ihavetwobrothersandbothofthemarethanme.Mybrothersarefriendlytome.(old)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment(late)thatday.Hemustbe(mental)disabled.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn'tstopthekidsintheclass.“Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't(possible)destroyavillage.”Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight..Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”(high).“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe(sweet).”二、語(yǔ)篇填空用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Once,therelivedtwobrothersinalonelyvillage.The1(old)brotherwasmuch2(wise)thantheyounger.Oneday,therewasabighillontheroad,whichwasas3_(heavy)as10tons,blockingtheirway.Howcouldtheymoveittothesideoftheroadsincetherewerenomodernmachinesatthattime?Theelderbrotherchosetogiveinbecauseitwastoo4_(easy)forhimandfoundanotherwaywhichwereabout20kilometersway.Theotherinsistedthatitwouldbe5_(possible)solvedifheremovedit.Theolderonelaughedathim,sayingthathewas6(stupid)thanpersistent.7(final),hismovemovedothers,whohelpedhimsolvetheproblemtogether.Thisstoryremindsusthataslongasweare8(hope)andkeepondoingit,hopewillnotgiveusup.三、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China,oneoftheearliestcradlesofcivilizationwithalonghistory,isontheriseontheinternationalstage.Accordingly,1thetraditioninfluencedbyConfucianism(儒家思想)，theChinesepeoplearegenerallyfriendlyand2(unite).Theylovepeaceandareinclinedtogetalongwellwitheachotherinharmony.Atemergency,somepeoplewouldsacrificetheirowninterests,orrather,givethose3needhelpawarmhandattheexpenseoftheirownlife.Chinesepeoplesometimesaremodestandcopewithproblemsin4indirectmanner.Occasionally,Chineseindividualssay"yes”notbecausetheyseeeyetoeyewithothers5outofpolite,whichoftenmakeforeignerspuzzledandinadilemma,since6cannotmakeanaccuratejudgment.Frequently,theysettleamatterinadevious(委婉的)way7(avoid)ahotdebate.Inconclusion,differentcountryhasdifferentcharacteristicsduetotheirrespectivehistories,cultures,geographiesandsoonandpersonalityisjustasmallportion(部分).Eachnation,8itisbigorsmall,strongorweak,should9(respect)andwiththediversityofcivilization,theworldwillbecome10(colorful).助讀詞匯cradlen.搖籃accordinglyadv.因此respectiveadj.各自的interestsn.利益occasionallyadv.偶爾beinclinedto傾向于inharmony和睦融洽地attheexpenseof以......為代價(jià)copewith處理seeeyetoeyewith與......意見(jiàn)相同outofpolite出于禮貌inadilemma處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地參考答案far12