Unit 4 Grammar 語(yǔ)法過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)課件【知識(shí)精講+備課精研】 高中英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Grammar:過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)1.Thegirlswere________toseesuchanopencountry.Thefarmscoveredaverylargearea,whichwas_________.amazedamazingFillineachblankwiththecorrectformofaverbfromthebox.Findthedifferencebetweeneachpairofsentences,payingattentiontothe-edand–ingforms.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.seefrightenheadamaze感到……令人……姑娘們看到如此廣袤的國(guó)家甚為驚訝。這些農(nóng)場(chǎng)面積之大令人驚訝。textbookP412.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.Doyoufeel___________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frighteningfrightened3._______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.________thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors.SeenSeeing感到……令人……被動(dòng)主動(dòng)4._________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.Finally,thecompany--________byitsnewmanager--startedtomakeaprofit.Headingheaded被動(dòng)主動(dòng)獨(dú)自一人進(jìn)入荒野令人恐懼。你一個(gè)人進(jìn)入荒野感到恐懼嗎？從山頂往下望，景色令人著迷。我在山頂看風(fēng)景，被秋天絢爛的色彩深深吸引。往東，你會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)加拿大落基山脈。最終，在新經(jīng)理的帶領(lǐng)下，公司開始盈利。

過(guò)去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)所處的情緒或狀態(tài)，用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞大多已形容詞化，比如：married，exhausted，surprised，drunk等。

e.g.Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.

Helookedpuzzled,soIrepeatedthequestion.Hismothergotveryannoyedbecausehecouldn’trecitetheidioms.一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別:

e.g.Thestoreisnowclosed.

(系表結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài))

Thelibraryisusuallyclosedat8:00p.m.

(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作)歸納被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。作

表語(yǔ)

用的過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞前可加quite、very、rather等修飾詞。2．英語(yǔ)中有一些表示心理變化的動(dòng)詞，它們的v.-ing和v.-ed形式通常起形容詞作用，在句中作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，其v.-ing形式表示主動(dòng)意義,即“令人……的”,多用來(lái)修飾物;其v.-ed形式表示被動(dòng)意義,即“感到……的”,多用來(lái)修飾人、人的聲音或表情等。常見的這類詞有：種類例詞vt.使……感到……surprise,excite,worry,amaze,puzzle,annoy,bore,satisfy,confuse,interest,embarrass,disappoint,frustrate,frighten,shock,exhaust,depress,amuse,astonish,relax,tire,encourage種類例詞adj.感到……(修飾人)surprised,excited,worried,amazed,puzzled,annoyed,bored,satisfied,confused,interested,embarrassed,disappointed,frustrated,frightened,shocked,exhausted,depressed,amused,astonished,relaxed,tired,encouragedadj.令人……(修飾物)surprising,exciting,worrying,amazing,puzzling,annoying,boring,satisfying,confusing,interesting,embarrassing,disappointing,frustrating,frightening,shocking,exhausting,depressing,amusing,astonishing,relaxing,tiring,encouraging易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一、不定式、v.-ing形式(動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別二、動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式作remain的表語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)+remain

Sheremainedstanding(=wasstillstanding)thoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下,但她還是站著。Thetrueauthorofthebookremainsunknown(=isstillunknown).這本書真正的作者依然不詳。Muchremainstobedone.許多事仍需去做。Ⅰ.單句填空1.Wetakecareofpatientsofallages.Thereisnotypeofinjury,medicalorsurgicalconditionthatwearenot

equipped

(equip)tocarefor.2.Alifeburdenedwithworkleadsyounowhere,foryouwillgettiredand

bored

(bore)withyourdailyroutinework.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Feelingtiring,LiHuawenttobedimmediately.

tiring→tired

2.Thecontrastintheirpointsofviewissoextremethatwegrowpuzzlingsometimes.

puzzling→puzzled

3.Butforthelatter,requiringthemtospeakmaybeembarrassedbecausetheyusuallyknownothing.

embarrassed→embarrassing

4.Iwasworryinganddecidedtotakehertothehospital.

worrying→worried

二、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況,其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))在句中作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等。1.表示時(shí)間

過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.Asked(=Whenhewasasked)whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.表示原因過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.Scared(=Because/Asshewasscared)ofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.3.表示條件過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Given

(=Ifweweregiven)moretime,wecoulddoitsubstantiallybetter.4.表示讓步過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作讓步狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.Left(Althoughhewasleft)athome,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.5.表示方式或伴隨過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ),可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)并列句。

e.g.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,(andhewas)followedbyagroupofstudents.【特別提醒】①過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)要與句子的主語(yǔ)相一致。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishtherobber.(×)Ifcaught,therobberwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)②過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞，如when，if，unless，once，until，asif，though，although等，表示時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等。When(itis)heated,watercanbechangedintovapor.加熱時(shí)，水可以變成蒸汽。【易混辨析】現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：①過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Praisedbyhermother,Marywaspleasedalltheday.由于受到母親的表?yè)P(yáng)，瑪麗一整天都很高興。②現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Feelingataloss,heturnedtohisfriendsforhelp.由于感到不知所措，他向朋友們求助。Ⅰ.單句填空1.Clearlyandthoughtfully

written

(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseekanswersoftheirown.2.

Hosted

(host)byJinanMunicipalPeople'sGovernment,thewinterswimmingracehasbeenheldforsevensuccessiveyears.3.

Compared

(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode,theydon'thavetospendmoneyinrentingahouse.However,therearestillsomedisadvantagestoonlineshopping.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Seeingfromthetop,thecityisextremelybeautiful.

Seeing→Seen

2.Inaddition,attractingbyinterestingtopics,youarefreetogetinvolvedintheweeklydiscussion.

attracting→attracted

3.Dressinginblack,hewasplayingwithasmartphonewhileeating.

Dressing→Dressed

單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,閱讀理解D,)Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovided(provide)withtouchscreens.句意:在猴子們的籠子里它們被提供觸摸屏。所填詞與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此

應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞與were一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,語(yǔ)法填空,)Wewerefirstgreeted(greet)withthebarkingbyapackofdogs,seventobeexact.句意:首先迎接我們的是一群狗的叫聲,準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是七只。所填詞與句子主語(yǔ)是被

動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過(guò)去分詞與were一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ,完形填空,)Backhome,Ehlerswastroubled

(trouble)bythatlostdog.句意:回到家里,Ehlers被那只迷路的狗所困擾。根據(jù)句中的介詞by,并結(jié)合句意可知,此處需要用過(guò)去分詞與was一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,語(yǔ)法填空,)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewere

invited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorth

Shoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.句意:在我們?yōu)槠谝恢艿亩毫舻淖詈笠惶?我們被邀請(qǐng)到北岸一個(gè)美麗的農(nóng)場(chǎng)參加

一場(chǎng)星空下的私人音樂會(huì),聽著音樂家的演奏,并遇見有趣的當(dāng)?shù)厝?。考查過(guò)去分

詞。所填詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過(guò)去分詞與were一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

態(tài)。5.(2019北京,語(yǔ)法填空A,)Nervouslyfacing(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.句意:緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí),我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的單詞“Beyourself

(做你自己)”?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句式可知,此處作句子的狀語(yǔ),要用非謂語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞,且與其邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填facing。6.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ,短文改錯(cuò),)Ibecameinterested(interest)inplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.句意:由于一次小事故,我對(duì)踢足球產(chǎn)生了興趣?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。此處應(yīng)填

過(guò)去分詞interested與前面的became構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。7.(2018北京,完形填空改)Whenthecar'sownerandhiscolleaguereturnedtothecar,whichwasitselfworth￡35,000,theywereshocked(shock)tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.句意:當(dāng)車主和他的同事回到這輛本身價(jià)值35,000英鎊的汽車時(shí),他們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)

車旁邊站著兩名警察。此處需要用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),shocked震驚的。8.(2018天津,閱讀理解B,

)“There'ssomereallygoodstuff(藝術(shù)作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused(confuse).句意:“上面有一些非常好的藝術(shù)作品?！彼吡讼聛?lái),看上去很困惑。look是系

動(dòng)詞,此處應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞confused,意為“感到困惑的”。9.(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,語(yǔ)法填空,)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged(challenge).句意:我迅速?gòu)澫律碜?低下頭,避免直視它的眼睛,這樣它就不會(huì)感覺受到了挑

戰(zhàn)?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示不直視它的眼睛,它就不會(huì)感覺受到

了挑戰(zhàn)。主語(yǔ)he與challenge為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞challenged。10.(2018江蘇,書面表達(dá),)Forexample,therearehugequantitiesofreferencebooksaboutwhichIam