中考英語復習現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進行時

第第頁現(xiàn)在完成時定義：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)謂語動詞：have/has+done其中have/has為助動詞，done為動詞過去分詞；肯定：Theyhavefinishedtheirtask.否定：Theyhaven’tfinishedtheirtask.疑問形式：Have/Has

+主語+done

+其他？

Havetheyfinishedtheirtask？回答用Yes,…h(huán)ave(has)./No,…h(huán)aven’t(hasn’t).二、過去分詞動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式；規(guī)則變化則同動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化一樣：變化規(guī)則舉例(1)一般在動詞后加-edplay—played—playedwant—wanted—wanted(2)

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的加-dlike—liked—likedlive—lived—lived(3)

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-edcarry—carried—carriedhurry—hurried—hurried(4)

以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫字尾加-edplan—planned—plannedstop—stopped—stopped其不規(guī)則變化參照《動詞不規(guī)則變化表》。

be-was/were-beengo-went-gone三、現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)用1.

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，其漢譯常帶有“完了，過了，已經(jīng)”等意，Ihavespentallofmymoney.?Myfatherhasgonetowork.2.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表

示），常與for（+

時間段），since（+

過去的時間點或過去時的句子）連用，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.

自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。Theyhave

leanrt

Chineseinthisschoolfor3years.

他們在這個學校學漢語3年了。【注意】1.

since用法作為介詞，自從...以來，后面加時間點，與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。Hehasbeenheresincethreeyearsago.作為連詞，自從...以來，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。IhavetaughtEnglishinChinasinceIcamehere.Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since從句（一般過去時）ItisthreeyearssinceIleftAustralia.2.for和since用法區(qū)分for+時間段，累計的時間，一直進行多長時間。since+時間點，某件事開始的時間。Theyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.Theyhavebeenmarriedsincetenyearsago

【練習1】用for和since填空1.

________

twoyears?2.

________

twoyearsago??3.

________

lastmonth4.

________

1999?5.

________

yesterday??6.

________

4o’clock7.

________

4hours?8.

________anhourago?9.

________

wewerechildren10.

________

lunchtime?11.

________

shelefthere現(xiàn)在完成進行時所用的時間狀語：recently/;inthepastfew+時間段;since+時間點;for+時間段，sofar，already等等。如：Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.兩個月來他們一直在修橋。Wehaven’tgotanyreplyfromhersofar.

我們迄今為止還沒有收到她的回復。【練習2】1．I____________fivebookssinceIjoinedthebookclub.A．a(chǎn)mreading?B．willread?C．haveread2.—DoyouknowSunshineTownverywell，

MrChen？—Sure．

I____heresinceIwasborn.A．haslived?B．lived?C．havelived?3.I________theguitareversinceIwas8yearsold.A．played?B．haveplayed?C．a(chǎn)mplaying?4.Theancienttownhasbeenopentovisitors________abouttenyears．A．by?B．for?C．on?四【短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞】在英語中，短暫性動詞不能與持續(xù)的時間連用，要轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞。非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞catchacoldhaveacoldputonwearborrowkeepbuyhavecome/arrive/reachbeheregobetherefallillbeilldiebedeadfallasleepbeasleepopenbeopenclosebeclosedgetmarriedbemarriedjoinbeinbegin/startbeonfinishbeoverI

have

bought

this

bike

for

5

years.

（buy不能和5

years連用）→Ihavehadthisbikefor5years.Theyhavegotmarriedsince1999.

（get

married是短暫性動詞，不能和段時間連用）→

They

havebeenmarriedsince1999.[注意]短暫性動詞的否定式可以與一段時間連用，因為否定式表示動作未發(fā)生，表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，不與根本的產(chǎn)生原則沖突，比如最常見的一個日常用語：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.

【練習1】1.LiHonghas________thearmyfor2years.

A.joined

B.bein

C.beenin

2.Wehavebeenfriendssince______.

A.children

B.fiveyears

C.fiveyearsago

3.Mike___________thestoryforamonth.

A.hasbought

B.hashad

C.hadhad

4.You______thatquestionthreetimes.

A.alreadyasked

B.havealreadyasked

C.alreadyhaveasked

5.They_________inthecitysincelastsummer.

A.live

B.didn’tlive

C.havelived

6.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_____1992.

A.since

B.from

C.after

7.Mr.Black_________Chinasince

thesummerof1998.

A.hasbeento

B.hasbeenin

C.hascometo

10.Hisfather_______foryears.

A.hasdied

B.hasbeendead

C.died五【辨析havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin】havegoneto:已經(jīng)去了某地（人還沒回來）Havebeento:曾今去過某地（人已經(jīng)回來）Havebeenin:一直待在某地（可以與一段時間連用）

-WhereisJack?Ican’tfindhim.-HehasgonetoBeijingonbusiness.IhavebeentoFrancethreetimes.Ithinkitisreallyabeautifulcountry.It’ssaidhehasbeeninJapanforthreemonths.

【練習3】1.Mr.Li_______Kunming.He______thecitythreetimes.Thistimehe________Kunmingforthreedays.A.hasbeento;hasgoneto;hasbeenin

B.hasgoneto;hasbeento;hasbeeninC.hasbeenin;hasbeento;hasgoneto

2.—WhenwillyoursistergotoEngland?—She______Londonsincefourmonthsago.

A.wentto

B.hasgoneto

C.hasbeento

D.hasbeenin3.—MayIspeaktoyourheadmaster?—Sorry,heisn’there.He______toGuiyangonbusiness.A.havegone

B.hasgone

C.havebeenin

4.—Whereisyouruncle?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—He______Beijingforabouthalfayear.HemovedthereinJanuary.

A.hasgoneto

B.hasbeenin

C.hasarrivedin

【鞏固練習1.1】1.—HaveyouseenDr.Adamsrecently?—No.He_____HongKongforanimportantmeeting.He’llcomebacktomorrow.A.hasgonein

B.hasbeenin

C.hasgoneto

2.—Whereismysister,mum?—She_____thelibraryandshewillbebacksoon.A.hasbeento

B.hasgoneto

C.isgoingto

3.—Whereisyourcousin?—He______Shanghaiandhe______therefortwodays.A.hasgoneto;hasbeenin

B.hasgoneto;hasbeenC.hasbeento;hasbeen【2.知識點分析】：過去進行時態(tài)1

用法：①過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作例：He

wascooking

atsixlastnight.

昨天晚上六點，他正在做飯。②過去某段時間正在發(fā)生的動作?例：I

wasstaying

herefromMarchtoMaylastyear.

去年從3月到5月，我一直呆在這里。2

.與過去進行時連用的時間狀語，常見的有

atninelastnight/

atthattime=then/atthistimeyesterday

/或有whentheteachercamein/

whilehewasreading3

.過去進行時的構(gòu)成：was\were+現(xiàn)在分詞4.

過去進行時的四個基本句型【課堂練習】1．—Icalledyoulastnight.Butnooneanswered.

—Oh,I_________TVatthattime.A．watched?B．a(chǎn)mwatching?C．willwatch?D．waswatchingI________theviolinatteno'clockthismorning.A．practice?B．werepracticing?C．a(chǎn)mpracticing?D．waspracticing4．—Whydidn'tyouanswermyphoneat8:00lastnight?—Sorry,

.A．Igoswimming

B．IamtakingashowerC．Iwashangingoutwithfriends

句型：肯定句：主語+was/were+doing+其它否定句：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑問句及答語：Was/Were+主語+doing+其它肯定回答：Yes,主語+was/were

否定回答：No,主語+wasnot/werenot.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它舉例：肯定句?

He

wascooking

atsixlastnight.?

?否定句?

He

wasnotcooking

atsixlastnight.一般疑問句?

Was

he

cooking

atsixlastnight??兩回答?Yes,he

was.

No,he

wasn’t.特殊疑問句?

What

was

he

doing

atsixlastnight?5.過去進行時的固定句型when和while引導的時間狀語，主句和從句動詞時態(tài)問題。1.過去進行時描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；即一個動作延續(xù)時另一個短暫性動作同時發(fā)生，用when(用延續(xù)性動詞或短暫性動詞都可以)。例：I

was

watching

TV

when

the

bell

rang.我正在看電視突然鈴響了Jim

wasreading

when

theteacher

came

in.

當老師進來的時候，吉姆正在讀書。2.過去進行時表示兩個延續(xù)動作在過去某一時刻同時進行，用while(只用延續(xù)性動詞)。例：The

students

were

reading

while

the

teacher

was

checking

their

homework.

老師在批改作業(yè)的時候，學生們在讀書。Jim

wasreading

while

Kate

waswatching

TV.

在凱特正在看電視的同時，吉姆正在讀書。Jim

came

in

while

Kate

waswatching

TV.

在凱特正在看電視的時候，吉姆進來了。6.比較He

watched

TVlastnight.?

（過去時間lastnight,

用一般過去時）He

waswatching

TVatninelastnight.?

(過去時間lastnight+點時間atnine,

用過去進行時)【練習2】 1．—Whendidtheclassroomhaveapowercut?—Thismorning,whilewe________aphysicslesson.A．havehad?B．werehaving?C．a(chǎn)rehaving?D．will