新編商務(wù)英語泛讀bookunitB

Pricing

（Ⅱ）

Newwordsandexpressionsmonopolyn.壟斷；專賣Monopolyenterprise/monopolypowerActn.法案；法令Discriminationn.差別對(duì)待，歧視Pricediscrimination---價(jià)格歧視/差別取價(jià)Discriminatev.Deceptiveadj.騙人的，靠不住的Deceptivepricing---欺騙性定價(jià)Withhold---Misinterpret---v.誤解，曲解Misinterpretation---n,誤解TacticsStandingGroupdiscussionWeknowthatinplannedeconomy,thegovernmentintervenedalotintheeconomy;whileatpresent,doyouthinkitisstillnecessaryforthegovernmenttoregulatepricesinamarketeconomy?Pleasegiveyourreasons.Whatpracticesareillegalinthematterofpricing?Whatgoalsshouldonehaveinmindwhensettingthepriceofaproduct?StructureReadingcomprehensionParagraphtwo:Whatisthecentralideaofthefederallaws?(topreventunfaircompetitionandmonopoly)Whatismonopoly,accordingtoourpassage?Whatarethemaincontentsofthelawsmentionedinourpassage?MonopolyIntheory,anindustrywhereonefirmproducestheentireoutputofamarket.Inpractice,intheUKanyonefirmthathas25%ofamarketisconsideredtohavemonopolycontrol.原指站在市集的高地上操縱貿(mào)易，后來泛指把持和獨(dú)占。

在資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)里，壟斷指在生產(chǎn)集中和資本集中高度發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，1個(gè)大企業(yè)或少數(shù)幾個(gè)大企業(yè)對(duì)相應(yīng)部門產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和銷售的獨(dú)占或聯(lián)合控制。

壟斷（或者稱賣者壟斷），一般指唯一的賣者在一個(gè)或多個(gè)市場(chǎng)，通過一個(gè)或多個(gè)階段，面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的消費(fèi)者---與買者壟斷(Monopsony)剛剛相反。壟斷者在市場(chǎng)上，能夠隨意調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)格與產(chǎn)量（不能同時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)）。ThemajorformsofMonopolyTrust（托拉斯；壟斷的最高形式）Cartel（卡特爾）Syndicate（辛迪加）Konzern

（康采恩）ChineseAntimonopolyLaw

(adoptedatthe29thsessionoftheTenthNationalPeople'sCongressonAugust30,2007)TheShermanAntitrustActof1890TheClaytonActof1914TheRobinson-PatmanActof1936Paragraph3-8Whatpricingactivitiesshouldthegovernmentkeepaneyeon?Pricingfixing(maybethereisaminorspellingmistakeinourbooks:pricingmixing)定價(jià)Pricediscrimination價(jià)格歧視Resalepricemaintenanceresalepricemaintenance

(美國(guó)廠商之間關(guān)于)不得低價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)售商品的規(guī)定Deceptivepricing

beconcernedwith:beinvolvedin;interveneinsth.c.f.:beconcernedabout:beworriedabout;payattentiontosth.ParagraphfourWhatactcanberegardedas“pricingfixing”?Whatarethebehaviorsofpricingfixing?Itisanagreementbetweenbusinesscompetitorstosellthesameproductorserviceatthesameprice.or:theestablishingofpricesatadeterminedlevel,eitherbyagovernmentorbymutualconsentamongproducersorsellersofacommodity.conspire:tojoininasecretagreementtodoanunlawfulorwrongfulactoranactwhichbecomesunlawfulasaresultofthesecretagreement共謀；陰謀ParagraphfiveInwhatsituationdoespricediscriminationexist?thepracticeofofferingidenticalgoodstodifferentbuyersatdifferentprices,whenthegoodscostthesame.ParagraphsixWhydomanufacturersgiveretailpricesfortheirgoods?Andwhywasthissortofbehaviorabolishedlater?Resalepricemaintenance:istheeffectofrulesimposedbyamanufactureronwholesaleorretailresellersofitsownproducts,topreventthemfromcompetingtoofiercelyonpriceandthusdrivingprofitsdownfromtheresellingactivity.Themanufacturermaydothisbecauseitwishestokeepresellersprofitable.SuchcontractprovisionsareusuallylegalunderUSfitmargin:aratioofprofitabilitycalculatedasearningsdividedbyrevenues.Itmeasureshowmuchoutofeverydollarofsalesaretailbusinessactuallykeepsinearnings.剩余價(jià)值量或利潤(rùn)量同預(yù)付總資本的比率。它表示的是資本增值的程度。利潤(rùn)率

repeal:torevokeorwithdrawformallyorofficially撤銷廢除withhold:toholdback;refrain保留；抑止Paragraph7－8Whatarethetwokindsofdeceptivepricing?Misinterpretedcreditterms信用術(shù)語的曲解Misinterpretedsaleprices銷售價(jià)格的曲解WhatcontentdoestheConsumerCreditProtectionActcover?Whatbehaviorshouldbepunishedbylawconcerningthesale?TohaveasalebasedonanartificialpriceTheConsumerCreditProtectionActof1968－whichlaunchedTruthinLendingdisclosures－waslandmarklegislation.Forthefirsttime,creditorshadtostatethecostofborrowinginacommonlanguagesothatyou--theconsumer--couldfigureoutwhatthechargesare,comparecosts,andshopforthebestcreditdeal.authentic:notfalseorcopied;genuine;realerode:toeatintooraway;destroybyslowconsumptionordisintegration侵蝕市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷觀念(Themarketingconcept)

?企業(yè)應(yīng)以目標(biāo)顧客及其需求為中心，集中企業(yè)一切資源和力量，適當(dāng)安排市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷組合手段，從而比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者更好地滿足顧客的需求，達(dá)到擴(kuò)大銷售，取得長(zhǎng)期合理的利潤(rùn)的目的。GoalsofPricingDoesasuccessfulbusinessonlymeanagreatprofit?Whatarethegoalsofpricingmentionedinthispart?ToobtainaspecificmarketshareToachieveaspecificreturnfromsales(or:togaincertainamountofprofit)Tomeetcompetitionsacrifice:todisposeof(goods,property,etc.)regardlessofprofitParagraph11-13Whatis“marketshare”?thespecificpercentageoftotalindustrysalesofaparticularproductachievedbyasinglecompanyinagivenperiodoftime市場(chǎng)份額Whatis“marketposition”?市場(chǎng)地位Whatshouldacompanydotomaintainitsmarketposition?succeeding:subsequent隨后的Paragraph14-15Whatistargetreturn?目標(biāo)收益(thedesiredprofitreturn)指一個(gè)廠商希望用成本加成的方法所獲得的合意的收益率。

Whatistheaimofsettingsuchatargetreturnonsales?utility:apublicservice,asatelephoneorelectric-lightsystem,astreetcarorrailroadline,orthelike公用事業(yè)Paragraph16－19Inwhatindustrycanyoufindthecompany’smajorpricinggoalis