闡釋學(xué)派翻譯課件20161013

TheHermeneuticMotionLOGO

Presenter：Daphne

Oct.13th,20161GeorgeSteiner

IntroductionofHermeneuticsHermeneuticTranslation

Contents123HermeneuticsFourfoldHermeneuticMotion21IntroductionofHermeneutics123

Definition

EtymologyDevelopment3Definition1.14PPT模板：/moban/PPT素材：/sucai/PPT背景：/beijing/PPT圖表：/tubiao/PPT下載：/xiazai/PPT教程：/powerpoint/資料下載：/ziliao/范文下載：/fanwen/試卷下載：/shiti/教案下載：/jiaoan/PPT論壇：PPT課件：/kejian/語文課件：/kejian/yuwen/數(shù)學(xué)課件：/kejian/shuxue/英語課件：/kejian/yingyu/美術(shù)課件：/kejian/meishu/科學(xué)課件：/kejian/kexue/物理課件：/kejian/wuli/化學(xué)課件：/kejian/huaxue/生物課件：/kejian/shengwu/地理課件：/kejian/dili/歷史課件：/kejian/lishi/1.1Definition

Hermeneutics5ISthetheoryand

methodology

ofinterpretation,

especiallytheinterpretationof

biblicaltexts,

wisdomliterature,and

philosophicaltexts.Itstartedoutasatheoryoftextinterpretationbuthasbeenlaterbroadenedtoquestionsofgeneralinterpretation.關(guān)于文本解釋的理論，尤其是解釋《圣經(jīng)》等宗教經(jīng)文、經(jīng)書典籍、哲學(xué)文獻(xiàn)。Etymology1.26PPT模板：/moban/PPT素材：/sucai/PPT背景：/beijing/PPT圖表：/tubiao/PPT下載：/xiazai/PPT教程：/powerpoint/資料下載：/ziliao/范文下載：/fanwen/試卷下載：/shiti/教案下載：/jiaoan/PPT論壇：PPT課件：/kejian/語文課件：/kejian/yuwen/數(shù)學(xué)課件：/kejian/shuxue/英語課件：/kejian/yingyu/美術(shù)課件：/kejian/meishu/科學(xué)課件：/kejian/kexue/物理課件：/kejian/wuli/化學(xué)課件：/kejian/huaxue/生物課件：/kejian/shengwu/地理課件：/kejian/dili/歷史課件：/kejian/lishi/1.2Etymology

Hermes赫耳墨斯7Folketymology

placesitsoriginwith

Hermes,themythologicalGreek

deity

whowasthemessengerofthegods.Besidesbeingamediatorbetweenthegodsandmen,heledsoulstothe

underworld

upondeath.Development1.381.3Development

9Ancientandmedievalhermeneutics古典闡釋學(xué)時(shí)期古希臘時(shí)期的闡釋學(xué)主要用于邏輯學(xué)和辯論術(shù)，以及一些宗教、文學(xué)經(jīng)典著作的解釋，其目的不外乎消除文本的歧義和誤解；中世紀(jì)，闡釋學(xué)成為《圣經(jīng)》研究的一個(gè)分支；文藝復(fù)興和宗教改革時(shí)期，闡釋學(xué)的研究領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大到對(duì)整個(gè)古代文化經(jīng)典的闡釋。（謝天振，2008）1.3Development

10

Modernhermeneutics現(xiàn)代闡釋學(xué)時(shí)期FriedrichSchleiermacherdistinguishedbetweengrammaticalinterpretation（語法闡釋）andpsychologicalinterpretation（心理闡釋）andputforwardthegeneralHermeneutics（普通闡釋學(xué)）.WilhelmDilthey

broadenedhermeneuticsevenmorebyrelatinginterpretationtohistoricalobjectification.Understandingmovesfromtheoutermanifestationsofhumanactionandproductivitytotheexplorationoftheirinnermeaning.這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的闡釋學(xué)都在方法論和認(rèn)識(shí)論的架構(gòu)下發(fā)展，都把重建文本和作者愿意作為最高目標(biāo)。這一時(shí)期的闡釋學(xué)基本上還是一種作為方法論和認(rèn)識(shí)論的客觀主義的解釋學(xué)。1.3Development

11MartinHeidegger海德格爾&Hans-GeorgGadamer伽達(dá)默爾使闡釋學(xué)實(shí)現(xiàn)了從認(rèn)識(shí)論到本體論的轉(zhuǎn)變。不是把理解視作人的認(rèn)識(shí)方式，而是把他視作人的存在方式。指出理解不僅受制于主觀性還受制于“前理解”，理解不是去把握一個(gè)不變的事實(shí)，而是去理解和接近人存在的潛在性和可能性，使得闡釋學(xué)從一般精神科學(xué)的方法論轉(zhuǎn)變成一種哲學(xué)。伽達(dá)默爾巨著《真理與方法》(WahrheitundMethode)把闡釋學(xué)現(xiàn)象看做是人類的普遍經(jīng)驗(yàn)，確立了闡釋學(xué)作為一種以理解為核心的哲學(xué)的統(tǒng)治地位。HermeneuticTranslation2122HermeneuticTranslation13Schleiermacher斯萊爾馬赫RecognizedasthefounderofmodernProtestanttheologyandofmodernhermeneutics.In1813hewroteahighlyinfluentialtreatiseontranslation,“uberdieverschiedenenMethodendesUbersetzens(onthedifferentmethodsoftranslating)”.Hemovesbeyondtheissueofword-for-wordandsense-for-sense,literal,faithfulandfreetranslation,andconsiderstheretobeonlytwopathsopenforthetruetranslator(Munday,2008:28)：2HermeneuticTranslation14

GeorgeSteiner喬治斯坦納AfterBabel:AspectsofLanguageandTranslation

《通天塔之后：語言與翻譯面面觀》AntoineBerman安托瓦納貝爾曼

TranslationandtheTrialsoftheForeign《翻譯及對(duì)異的考驗(yàn)》3FourfoldHermeneuticMotion1243LifeCareer

ContributionFurtherThinking15FourfoldMotionLifeCareer3.1163.1LifeCareer17GeorgeSteinerwasbornin1929in

Paris,to

VienneseJewish

parents.HeisaninfluentialEuropean-bornAmericanliterarycritic,essayist,philosopher,novelist,translator,andeducator.Hehaswrittenextensivelyabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguage,literatureandsociety,andtheimpactofTheHolocaust（大屠殺）.

Steinergrewupwiththree

mothertongues:German,English,andFrench;hismotherwas

multilingual

andwouldoften"beginasentenceinonelanguageandenditinanother."

Whenhewassixyearsold,hisfather,whobelievedinagood

classicaleducation,taughthimtoreadthe

Iliad,

Homer's

epicpoem,intheoriginal

Greek.3.1LifeCareer18GeorgeSteiner'scareerspanshalfacenturyandhehaspublishedground-breakingessaysandbooksthataddresstheanomaliesofcontemporaryWesternculture,issuesoflanguageandits“debasement”inthepost-Holocaustage.Hisfieldisprimarilycomparativeliteratureandhisworkasacritichastendedtowardexploringculturalandphilosophicalissues,particularlydealingwithtranslationandthenatureoflanguageandliterature./wiki/George_SteinerFourfoldMotion3.2193.2FourfoldMotion20TRUST信任Weventurealeap:wegrantabinitiothatthereis“somethingthere”tobeunderstood,thatthetransferwillnotbevoid.Allunderstanding,andthedemonstrativestatementofunderstandingwhichistranslation,startswithanactoftrust.冒險(xiǎn)相信原文本言之有物，翻譯不是空洞無用的行為。所有的理解都始于信任。3.2FourfoldMotion21TRUST信任Itisbetrayed,trivially,bynonsense,bythediscoverythat“thereisnothingthere”toelicitandtranslate.譯者發(fā)現(xiàn)文中出現(xiàn)胡言亂語或空洞無物，信賴就會(huì)動(dòng)搖。Concomitantlyheleaveshimselfvulnerable,thoughonlyinextremityandatthetheoreticaledge,totwodialecticallyrelated,mutuallydeterminedmetaphysicalrisks.值得信賴或是空無一物總是辯證相關(guān)相互制約的，總會(huì)將譯者置于易受責(zé)難的境地，盡管多是理論上，僅出現(xiàn)在極端情況下的。3.2FourfoldMotion22Aggression侵入TherelevantanalysisisthatofHeideggerwhenhefocusesourattentiononunderstandingasanact,ontheaccess,inherentlyappropriativeandthereforeviolent.侵入即具有攻擊性，理解的途徑與生俱來具有挪用性，因此是暴力的。ItisHeidegger’scontributiontohaveshownthatunderstanding,recognition,interpretationareacompacted,unavoidablemodeofattack.海德格爾的貢獻(xiàn)在于指出理解、認(rèn)知、闡釋是一個(gè)緊密結(jié)合、不可避免的侵襲模式。3.2FourfoldMotion23Aggression侵入Certaintextsorgenreshavebeenexhaustedbytranslation.Farmoreinterestingly,othershavebeennegatedbytransfiguration,byanactofappropriativepenetrationandtransferinexcessoftheoriginal,moreordered,moreaestheticallypleasing.入侵也非絕對(duì)，例如某些文本由于變形、轉(zhuǎn)換和挪用性的滲透，自身遭到否定，由此超過原文，變得賞心悅目，而不去觸碰原文。3.2FourfoldMotion

24Incorporation吸收Theimport,ofmeaningandofform,theembodiment,isnotmadeinorintoavacuum.Thereareinnumerableshadingsofassimilationandplacementofthenewly-acquired,rangingfromacompletedomestication,anat-homenessatthecoreofthekindwhichculturalhistoryascribesto.吸收就是對(duì)原文的意義和形式進(jìn)行引進(jìn)和吸納，譯本要對(duì)許許多多的成分進(jìn)行同化，并對(duì)新接納的因素進(jìn)行安置，有的已經(jīng)完全歸化，進(jìn)入本土文化的核心，有的卻處于異化和邊緣化的位置。3.2FourfoldMotion

25Incorporation吸收Therecanbecontagionsoffacilitytriggeredbytheantiqueorforeignimport.Afteratime,thenativeorganismwillreact,endeavouringtoneutralizeorexpeltheforeignbody.對(duì)異域文化的引入會(huì)容易引發(fā)本土文化的感染。一段時(shí)間之后，本土體內(nèi)機(jī)制便會(huì)起反作用，竭力中和或排斥異物。3.2FourfoldMotion

26Incorporation吸收Actsoftranslationaddtoourmeans;wecometoincarnatealternativeenergiesandresourcesoffeeling.Butwemaybemasteredandmadelamebywhatwehaveimported.Writershaveceasedfromtranslation,sometimestoolate,becausetheinhaledvoiceoftheforeigntexthadcometochoketheirown.我們通過翻譯汲取別處的力量和情感資源，同時(shí)我們也可能被自己引進(jìn)的事物所掌控。作家會(huì)因翻譯而感到窒息，從異域文本中吸入的聲音會(huì)把自己的聲音堵住，有時(shí)意識(shí)到，但為時(shí)已晚。3.2FourfoldMotion

27

Restitution補(bǔ)償Thea-prioristicmovementoftrustputsusoffbalance.We“l(fā)eantowards”theconfrontingtext(trust).Weencircleandinvadecognitively(aggression).Wecomehomeladen,thusagainoffbalance,havingcauseddisequilibriumthroughoutthesystembytakingawayfrom“theother”andbyadding,thoughpossiblywithambiguousconsequence,toourown(incorporation).Thesystemisnowoff-tilt(offbalance).闡釋的前三個(gè)步驟都有不平衡性，要么加入太多，要么省略太多，真正的闡釋需要在原文與譯文中斡旋，找回平衡。

3.2FourfoldMotion

28

Restitution補(bǔ)償Therehasbeenanoutflowofenergyfromthesourceandaninflowintothereceptoralteringbothandalteringtheharmonicsofthewholesystem.Genuinetranslationwill,therefore,seektoequalize,thoughthemediatingstepsmaybelengthyandoblique.能量從原文流出，同時(shí)流入接受者，不僅對(duì)兩者都有改變，還改變了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的和諧。盡管在原文與譯文之間斡旋的過程可能繁瑣冗長(zhǎng)，但真正的翻譯總是尋求均等補(bǔ)償。(Venuti,200)

Contribution3.3293.3Contribution

30TheHermeneuticMotionasafourfoldmotion

willallowustoovercomethesteriletriadicmodel

ofliteralism,paraphraseandfreeimitationwhichturnsouttobewhollycontingentandhasnoprecis