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七年級英語語法知識點總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)課時一教學(xué)任務(wù)重點語法動詞be(am,is,are)的用法:be動詞涉及“am”,“is”,“are”三種形式。①第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。句型解析析:Iam+…例句:IamSnoopy.Iamtenyearsold.Iamastudent.Iamaboy.②第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析:Youare+…例句:Youaremygoodfriend.Youareagoodteacher.Youarebeautiful③第三人稱單數(shù)(HeorSheorIt)配合is使用。句型解析:She(He,It)is+……例句:Sheisagoodgirl.Sheissotall.Sheisshort.④人稱復(fù)數(shù)(we/you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:We(You,They)are+……例句WeareinClass5,Grade7.Theyaremyfriends.Youaregoodstudents.用法口訣:我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否認,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。尚有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘掉。相應(yīng)練習(xí):一.用括號中適當?shù)脑~填空。1.I________(am,are,is)fromAustralia.2.She_______(am,are,is)astudent.3.JaneandTom_________(am,is,are)myfriends.4.Myparents____(am,is,are)verybusyeveryday.5._______(Are,Is,Do,Does)thereaChineseschoolinNewYork?6._______(Be,Are,Were,Was)theyexcitedwhenheheardthenews?7.There_____(be)someglassesonit.8.Ifhe_____(be)freetomorrow,hewillgowithus.一、用be動詞的適當形式填空1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.7.How_______yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______they?11.That______myredskirt.12.Who______I?13.Thejeans______onthedesk.14.Here______ascarfforyou.15.Here______somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.第二課時(1)英語人稱代詞和物主代詞一、人稱代詞表達“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞,叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表:人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞主格:作主語,表達誰怎么樣了、干什么了。Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent,too.We/You/Theyarestudents.人稱代詞賓格作賓語,表達動作行為的對象。Giveittome.Let’sgo(let’s=letus)二、物主代詞表達所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。數(shù)人稱類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞則相稱于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如:Isthisyourbook?No,,itisn’t,it’shers(herbook)Thispenismine.代詞練習(xí)(一)一、選出括號中對的的詞,在對的的詞上打勾。1.Thisis(my/I)mother.2.Nicetomeet(your/you).3.(He/His)nameisMark.4.What’s(she/her)name?5.Excuse(me/my/I).6.Are(your/you)MissLi?7.(I/My)amBen.8.(She/Her)ismysister.9.Fine,thank(your/you).10.Howoldis(he/his)二、用所給代詞的對的形式填空。1.Theseare______(he)brothers.2.Thatis_______(she)sister.3.Lilyis_______(Lucy)sister.4.Tom,thisis_____(me)cousin,Mary.5.Now_____________(herparent)areinAmerica.6.Those__________(child)are_____(I)fat(yī)her’sstudents.7.Doyouknow______(it)name?8.MikeandTom__________(be)friends.9.Thanksforhelping________(I).10.______(Ann安)motheris______(we)teacher.三、單項選擇。()1.Myfamily____abigfamily.Myfamily____allhere.A.is,is?B.are,are ?C.is,are D.a(chǎn)re,is()2.Thisis__________.A.a(chǎn)pictureoffamily ?BapictureofmyfamilyC.afamily’spicture?D.afamilyofmypicture()3.Let’s__________goodfriends.A.be?? B.are ?C.is?D.am()4.Issheyouraunt?Yes,__________.A.she’s B.heris?C.sheis ?D.heis()5.Are__________coatsyours?Yes,theyare.A.they ??B.these C.this ? D.there()6.Isthat(yī)__________uncle?No,itisn’tA.he? B.she? C.her? D.hers()7.Mrs.Greenis__________grandmother.A.JimandKate B.JimandKat(yī)e’sC.Jim’sandKate’s?D.JimandKates’()8.Doyouknowthename_____Mr.Green’sson?A.in??B.of C.on? ?D.or()9.__________thegreatphotoofyourfamily.A.thankfor ? B.ThanksforC.Thankfor ?D.thanksfor()10.Arethoseyourfriends?__________.A.Yes,they’re B.No,theyareC.Yes,theyare D.Yes,thoseare代詞練習(xí)(二)一、用適當?shù)拇~填空1.Welike________(he,his,him)verymuch.2.Isthisguitar________(you,your,yours)?3.________(She,Her,Hers)nameisLiLi.4.Fatherboughtadeskfor________(I,my,me,mine).5.________(It,It's,Its)isverycoldtoday.6.Isthisyourbook,Mike?Yes,________(we,you,they)are.7.AreyouandTomclassmates?Yes,________(we,you,they)are.8.Eachofthestudents________(have,has)apenpal.9.Hehasadog.Iwanttohave________(it,one),too.10.Herparentsare________(both,all,either)teachers.11.Thetextiseasyforyou.Thereare________(few,afew,little,alittle)newwordsinit12.Iwant________(some,any)bananas.Givemethesebig________(one,ones).二、選擇對的的答案1.Isthis________book?A.youB.IC.sheD.your2.It'sabird.________nameisPolly.A.ItsB.It'sC.HisD.It3.What'sthat?________ajeep.A.it'sB.ItsC.It'sD.its4.What'sthat(yī)inEnglish?________.A.It'seggB.That'seggC.It'saeggD.It'sanegg5.Whosecatisthis?Isityours?Isitawhite_______?A.cat'sB.oneC.onesD.cats6.Pleasegivethebookto________.A.IB.meC.myD.mine7._________skirtisyours?A.WhoseB.WhereC.HowD.Which8.________isthispen?It'sWangFang's.A.Who'sB.WhoseC.WhereD.Which9.KateandMikedo________homeworkintheevening.A.one'sB.hisC.herD.their10.Thereisn't________waterinthebottle.A.anyB.someC.noD.a課時二(2)簡樸句一陳述句1、概念:說明一個事實或是陳述說話人的見解的句子,句末用句號。2、分類:陳述句根據(jù)其語法結(jié)構(gòu),可大體分為“主語+謂語”和“主語+連系動詞+表語”兩種;而從語氣的角度分,又可分為肯定陳述句和否認陳述句(1)“主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)①肯定陳述句Ilikethatbook.我喜歡那本書。(陳述一個事實)Ireallyagree.我的確批準。(陳述一個觀點)②否認陳述句IdidnotbuytheTV.我沒有買那個電視。(陳述一個事實)(2)主語+連系動詞+表語結(jié)構(gòu)①肯定陳述名Thefilmisboring.這部電影沒意思。(陳述觀點)②否認陳述句Smokingisnotgoodforyourhealth.抽煙對你的健康沒有好處。(陳述一個事實)3、陳述句的否認結(jié)構(gòu):陳述句的否認式重要用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達:(1)句子的謂語動詞為be,have或者謂語動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時,其否認結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+謂語動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+not+其他成分Iamnotateacher.我不是老師。Wehavenot(haven`t)anybooksonanimals.我們沒有任何有關(guān)動物方面的書。Thechildrenarenot(aren`t)playingintheplayground.孩子們沒在操場上玩。Hewillnot(won`t)come.他不會來。Wemustnot(mustn`t)forgetthepast.我們不能忘掉過去。Itcouldnot(couldn`t)belost.它不也許丟的。(2)當句子的謂語動詞是do(即行為動詞),并且沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時,其否認結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+do(does,did)+not+動詞原形+其他成分Youdonot(don`t)comehereeveryday.你沒有天天都來這里。Hedoesnot(doesn`t)teachthisclass.他不教這個班。Theydidnot(didn`t)wat(yī)chTVlastnight.昨晚他們沒看電視。注意:陳述句的語調(diào)一般用降調(diào)。但在表達疑問的語氣時,用升調(diào),在書面上要用問號來表達。YoureallywanttogotoHongKong?你真的想去香港嗎?這句話表達的是一種疑問,只但是是通過陳述的語序和疑問的語氣來表達的二疑問句疑問句是用來提出疑問的句子,句末用問號“?”。??嫉囊蓡柧溆兴念?,即:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。第一節(jié)一般疑問句一般疑問句通常需要用yes或no來回答,所以又叫做“是非疑問句”。在讀這種句子時要用升調(diào)。一般疑問句重要有以下幾種類型:1、“be+主語+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)—Areyousleepy?你困了嗎?—Yes,Iam.是的,我困了。3、“情態(tài)動詞+主語言+行為動詞(或be)”結(jié)構(gòu)—May/CanIusethetelephone?我能用這部電話嗎?—Yes,youcan.是的,可以。5、“助動詞(do,does,did)+主語+行為動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)—Doyoulikeswimminginsummer?你喜歡夏天游泳嗎?—No,Idon`t.不,我不喜歡。難點提醒回答否認性一般疑問句時,要在Yes后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu),表達肯定;在No后面用否認結(jié)構(gòu),表達否認。注旨在說法上正好與漢語習(xí)慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時候,只要把它當成沒有加否認形式的普通一般疑問句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。Ishenotyourelderbrother?他不是你的哥哥嗎?—Yes,heis.不,他是(我的哥哥)。No,heisnot.是的,他不是(我的哥哥)?!桑髇`tsheveryclever?她難道不是很聰明嗎?—Yes,sheis.不,她很聰明?!蝟,sheisnot.是,她不聰明。第二節(jié)特殊疑問句一、特殊疑問句是用來提出來特定問題的疑問句,規(guī)定聽到問題的人針對特定情況來做具體的回答,不能像一般疑問句同樣簡樸地用Yes或No來回答,特殊疑問句要用降調(diào)來讀。二、特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu):特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句WhodoEnglishhomeworkintheevening?誰晚上做英語家庭作業(yè)?Whatdoyoudointheevening?你晚上做什么?Whathomeworkdoyoudointheevening?你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè)?WhendoyoudoEnglishhomework?你什么時候做英語家庭作業(yè)?三、注意:對人提問時who“誰”對所屬(誰的)提問用whose“誰的”對哪一個提問用which“哪一個”對時間提問用when“什么時候”或whattime“幾點”對物體提問用what“什么”對地點提問用where“哪里”對因素提問用why“為什么”對方式提問用how“怎么樣”對數(shù)量提問用howmany“多少”(用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))或howmuch“多少”(用于不可數(shù)名詞)四、難點提醒1、以why開頭的特殊疑問句否認形式常用于表達建議、請求等。Whydon`tyouhaveatry?你為什么不試試呢?2、特殊疑問句常用到一些縮略形式,在平時學(xué)習(xí)中要注意習(xí)慣這些用法。Idon`twanttogothere.Howaboutyou?我不想去那兒,你呢?Butwhatelse?可是尚有什么呢?把下列句子變成否認句:1.Iamlisteningtomusic._______________________________________2.Mikeisastudent._______________________________________3Sarahcancleantheclassroom.________________________________________4.Theyareinthezoo.________________________________________5.Therearesomeflowersinthevase.________________________________________6.Thisismysister._________________________________________7.Wearesweepingthefloor.__________________________________________8.Weneedsomemasks._________________________________9.Theylikemakingthepuppet._________________________________10.SuHaiandSuYangliveinanewhouse._________________________________________________11.Iputabookonmyhead._________________________________________________12.Theysing“Intheclassroom”together._______________________________________________13.WeplaybasketballonSundays._________________________________________________14.Tomlikeslisteningtomusic____________________________________________肯定句改一般疑問句的方法肯定句改一般疑問句的方法肯定句改一般疑問句的方法肯定句改一般疑問句的方法————————三步法1.有be動詞/情態(tài)動詞:be動詞/情態(tài)動詞提到句首,其余照抄,(some改成any,my改成your)句末用問號。2.無be動詞/情態(tài)動詞,在句首加Do/Does/Did,其余照抄,(some改成any,my改成your)句末用問號。3.加Does、did的句子注意,句子動詞要變成原型。例如:陳述句:Theyareinthepark.Hecanplaytheguitar..一般疑問句:Aretheyinthepark?Canheplaytheguitar?陳述句:Iliketheducks.Helikesthedogs.一般疑問句:Doyouliketheducks?Doeshelikethedogs?把下列句子變成一般疑問句1.Iamlisteningtomusic.__________________________2.Mikeisastudent._______________________________________3.Sarahcancleantheclassroom.________________________________________4.Theyareinthezoo.________________________________________5.Therearesomeflowersinthevase.________________________________________6.Thisismysister._________________________________________7.Wearesweepingthefloor.__________________________________________8.Weneedsomemasks._________________________________9.Theylikemakingthepuppet._________________________________10.SuHaiandSuYangliveinanewhouse._________________________________________________11.Iputabookonmyhead._________________________________________________12.Theysing“Intheclassroom”together._______________________________________________13.WeplaybasketballonSundays._________________________________________________14.Tomlikeslisteningtomusic____________________________________________關(guān)于特殊疑問詞問人(誰)who地點(何地)where時間(何時)when、what(yī)time東西/職業(yè)/事物(什么)what方式方法程序身體(如何)how年齡howold..怎么樣(提建議)Howabout多少錢Howmuch誰的whosebook問星期what(yī)day問日期whatdat(yī)e問數(shù)量多少(可數(shù)名詞)Howmanypeople問數(shù)量(不可數(shù)名詞)Howmuchwat(yī)er顏色whatcolor班級whatclass年級whatgrade時間whattime哪一個whichwhichclass1、根據(jù)劃線部分擬定是什么疑問詞,后面寫原句變成的一般疑問句,句末問號。2、howmany后必須先寫物品,再寫一般疑問句等。1、A:_______istheboyinblue?B:He’sMike.2、A:_______penisit?B:It’smine.3、A:_______isthediary?B:It’sunderthechair.4、A:___istheChirstmasDay?B:It’sonthe25thofDecember.5、A:_______aretheearphones?B:Theyare25yuan.6、A:_______isthecup?B:It’sblue.7、A:_______isittoday?B:It’sSunday.8、A:_______wasityesterday?B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.9、A:_______thisredone?B:It’sbeautiful.12.A:_______isyourcousin?B:He’s15yearsold.13、A:_______doyouhavedinner?B:At6o’clock綜合練習(xí)Thechildrenhaveagoodtimeinthepark.否認句:___________________________________一般疑問句:___________________________________Thereisonlyonblem.否認句:__________________________________________一般疑問句:________________________________________肯定/否認回答:____________________________________7.Shehassomebreadforlunchtoday.否認句:__________________________________________一般疑問句:_________________________________肯定/否認回答:____________________________________.句型轉(zhuǎn)換題1.Thegirlissingingintheclassroom.(改為否認句)改為一般疑問句5.IcanspeakEnglish.(改為一般疑問句)6.Iamwritingnow.(同上)7.Ihaveadeskandachair.(用He做主語改寫句子)8.Sheisbuyingsomefoodinthesupermarket.(改為否認句)10.Doesshelikegrowingflowers?(給予否認回答)課時三have作實義動詞1.表達“有”的意思?
Look,Ihavewings,justlikeyou.
Hehadfairhairandblueeyes.〔注1〕:其否認和疑問形式變化,在美國通常用助動詞do。
〔注2〕:在英國口語中常用havegot代替have.
Look,can’tyouseeI'vegotteeth,too,?
Ihaven'tgotanyjewelry.?
2.have和一些其他名詞連用,表達:
(1)一種活動。
WehavenoclassesonSunday.(上課)?
they’regoingtohaveavolleyballmatch.(舉行比賽)
Arewegoingtohaveameetingthisweek?(開會)
Wearegoingtohaveatalkthisafternoon.(聽報告)
(2)患病。?
Ihavegotaheadache.
Ihaveabadcold.?
(3)發(fā)生的情況。
I'vehadsomanyfallsthat(yī)I'mblackandblueallover.(跌跤)
(4)生育。
Thequeenantmayhavetensofthousandsofbabiesinonesummer.
3.和一與動詞同形的名詞連用,表達一個動作(have+a+由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化和名詞)
Areyougoingtohaveaswim.?
Ihavealongtalkwiththeteacher.?
4.haveonsth.或havesth.on,表達“穿著”、“戴著”(=tobewearing)?
Inoticedhehadonbedroomslippers.?
AttheballMotilehadadiamondnecklaceon.?
5.表達“吃”、“喝”?
Iwantedtohaveacupofteaandsomeeggs.?
Doesshehavelunchathome??
6.組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“have+賓語+賓語補足語”?
(1)不加to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語(havesb.dosth.),表達讓、叫某人做某事。
Thesoldierhadhimstandwithhisbacktohisfather.
〔注〕:否認結(jié)構(gòu)表達“不能讓…”或“從未有人…”.?
Wewon'thaveyoublameitonothers.?
Shehadneverhadanybodyspeaktoherthatwaybefore.
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語(havesb.(sth.)doing),表達讓(使)某人做某事。?
…thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong….
(3)過去分詞作賓語補足語(havesb.(sth.)done),表達:?
①使(讓,請)別人作某事,表達的動作是別人做的。
EmperorQinShiHuanghadallthewallsjoinedup.
…h(huán)eshouldhavenewclothesmadeofthissplendidclothforthecominggreatprocession.
②遭碰到某事。?
Workersinsomeindustrieshavetheirhearingharmedbythenoiseofthemachine.課時三英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀[s],結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀[iz]。例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。讀音變化:加讀[z]。例:candy→candies;daisy→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,假如不是外來詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:加讀[z]。例:tomato→tomatoes;potat(yī)o→potatoes;torpedo→torpedoes;bingo→bingoes反例:silo→silos;piano→pianos(外來詞);photo→photos;macro→macros(縮寫詞)五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)椋璿es,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[f]改讀[vz]。例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff→staves;scarf→scarves反例:roof→roofs六、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞(多為外來詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti七、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。例:axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes八、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)椋璱ces,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。例:matrix→mat(yī)rices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices反例:affix→affixes九、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)椋帷Wx音變化:去掉鼻尾音。例:forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua十、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。例:larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae十一、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化:保持原音。例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cat(yī)tle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon十二、很少數(shù)單詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化:沒有規(guī)律。例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen十三、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才干變成復(fù)數(shù)詞:例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才干變成復(fù)數(shù)詞例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基礎(chǔ);datum→dat(yī)a數(shù)據(jù);foot→feet;formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→menmouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesis→parentheses圓括號;phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象;radius→radii半徑tooth→teeth;woman→women十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的例:deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon鮭魚;trout鱒魚十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機械;news;scenery風(fēng)景;sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多例:bellows風(fēng)箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀trousers長褲;wages工資十八、compoundnouns,這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以重要的名詞來表達例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳婦;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦;maid-servant→maid-servantsstep-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law十九、若表達具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞例:pair(對,雙);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers二十、此外尚有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表達特別意思,例:goods貨品,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers以O(shè)結(jié)尾的詞,許多加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù),特別是一些常用詞如:heroes,potat(yī)oes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes但下面幾類詞只加s:1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結(jié)尾的詞如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos2.一些外來詞,特別是音樂方面的詞,如:pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos3.一些縮寫詞和專有名詞,如:kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos有個別詞加兩種詞尾都可以,如:archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英),cargos(美)名詞由單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)的練習(xí)寫出下列名詞復(fù)數(shù)leaf______puppy_______box_______knife_______fly______fox______bus______bench_____brush_____kiss______church______dish_____ruler______peach________glass_____pencil________boy______zoo______man______roof_______sheep_______knife______lady______key______story______watch______bamboo______city______family______day_____apple_______eraser______speech______thief______mouse______fish_____goose____people______ox_____Chinese_______deer_______foot______child_______tooth_______guy________hero_______spy______boss_____monkey______city______goat______radio_______horse______dog______
用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的對的形式填空:1>Therearesomany________(wolf)intheforest.2>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.3>These_______(tomato)arered.4>______(hero)aregreat.5>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)6>Therearesome______(deer)eatingthegrass.7>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).8>Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.9>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.10>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.11>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).12>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.13>Peterhaseight_____(foot).14>Lindahasthree_______(tooth).15>Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.16>Michaellikesthe______(mouse).17>Therearesome______(goose)intheriver.18>Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).19>TomandKingare_____(boy).20>Lindahasthree______(tooth).
選出對的形式1.Icanseethree________inthezoo.Amonkeys
BmonkeysCmonkey2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots?3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen?4.Therearefour___________intheclass.A.JapaneseB.JapanesesC.Japan?5.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig?6.The_____hasthree______.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches
7.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.bread
B.breads
C.breades8.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth
9.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milk
B.milks
C.milkes10.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.wat(yī)erC.books
11._______willlearnEnglish.A.WomanB.WomenC.Man?12.Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.
A.photoB.photosC.photoes?13.Idranktwo______.A.bottlesoforangeB.bottleoforangeC.bottlesoforanges?14.Thecat(yī)eatstwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse?15.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.books
B.deskC.chair16Jimwaslat(yī)efortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.A.roomsnumberB.RoomnumberC.Room’snumberD.Roomnumbers17.Thenewly-builtlibraryisa______building.A.five-storeyB.fivestoreysC.five-storey’sD.fivestoreys’18.---Whoseumbrellaisit?---It’s_______.A.
somebodyelse’sB.SomebodyelseC.Somebody’selse’sD.Somebody’selse19.Ifeelterriblyhot,What(yī)’sthe_____?A.temperat(yī)ureofroomB.Room’stemperatureC.RoomtemperatureD.Temperatureofroom’s20._______willmakeatriparoundtheworldduriningChristmas.A.TheEvensB.TheEvens’C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses’21.ThegirltalkingtoMaryisafriendof________.A.Mary’ssisterB.Marysister’sC.Mary’ssister’sD.sisterofMary’s22.Thewomanoverthereis______mother.A.
JuliaandShelley’sB.Julia’sandShelley’sB.
C.JuliaandShelleyD.Julia’sandShelley23.Heisverytired.Heneeds______.A.anightrestB.a(chǎn)restnightC.anight’srestD.arestofnight24.---Excuseme,whereare_______offices?---Overthere.A.teacher’sB.teachers’C.theteacher’sD.theteachers’25.TodayisSeptember10th.It’s_____Day.Let’sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeacherB.Teachers’C.theTeachers’D.Teacher’s課時四現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時用法:1,表達說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。Pleasedon'tmakesomuchnoise.I'mwritingacomposition.不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。Let'ssetoff.Itisn’trainingnow.咱們出發(fā)吧?,F(xiàn)在不下雨了。這類情況常與now現(xiàn)在,atthepresent現(xiàn)在,atthemoment現(xiàn)在,today今天,thisweek這個星期,thisyear今年等時間狀語連用。有時通過上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時態(tài),如:It'sfouro'clockintheafternoon.Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground.現(xiàn)在是下午四點。孩子們在操場上踢足球。Hurryup!Weareallwaitingforyou.快點!我們大家都等著你。Look!Theyarereadingoverthereunderthetree.看!他們在那邊的樹底下看書。Listen!Sheissingingintheroom.聽!她在房間里唱歌。WhereisKate?Sheisreadingintheroom.凱特在哪里?她在房間里看書。Whyareyoucrying?Issomethingwrong?為什么哭呢?有什么不對?2,表達現(xiàn)階段正在進行而說話時不一定在進行的動作。Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.這幾天我們在一家工廠工作。Theyarecompilingadictionary.他們在編一本詞典。這類情況常與today今天,thisweek這個星期,thisevening今天晚上,thesedays現(xiàn)在、目前等時間狀語連用。3,在口語中表達主語計劃將要作的動作。TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.明天他們將要動身前往紐約。Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?你的兄弟不久就要啟程嗎?這類情況常與come來,go去,leave離開,depart離開,arrive到達,stay逗留,start開始等動詞連用。所用的動詞必須是動作而不是狀態(tài),主語必須是人。4,現(xiàn)在進行時與always等副詞連用時帶有感情色彩。He'salwaysquarrellingwithothers.他老喜歡跟別人吵架。Sheisconstantlyworryingaboutherson'shealth.她不斷地為她兒子的健康緊張著。Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那個男孩老是問問題。這類情況常與always總是,usually通常,continually不斷的,constantly經(jīng)常的,forever永遠、老是等副詞連用。5,有的現(xiàn)在進行時句子和一般現(xiàn)在時同義。用現(xiàn)在進行時表達問者的關(guān)切心情。Howareyoufeelingtoday?(Howdoyoufeeltoday?)你今天感覺如何?Iamlooking(look)forwardtoyournextvisit.我盼望你下次再來。Whyareyoulooking(doyoulook)sosad?為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢?6,有的動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表達“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外,一般不和其他時間副詞連用的。Ourstudyisbecomingmoreinteresting.我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來越有趣了。Theleavesareturningred.樹葉漸漸地變紅了。Thewarisending.戰(zhàn)爭接近尾聲了。Waitamoment;Iamfinishingmysupper.等一會兒,我的晚飯就要吃完了。適合于此種用法的動詞有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開始,forget忘掉,remember記得,die死,finish完畢,find發(fā)現(xiàn),rise增強等.7,“be”動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時?!癰e”動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表達說話者認為是短暫的、和平常不同樣的、甚至是偽裝的。Heisbeingfoolish.他在裝傻。Heisbeinghonest.他表現(xiàn)得特別誠實。Sheisbeingrude.她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。Ican'tunderstandwhyheisbeingsoselfish.我不明白此時他為什么如此自私。適合于此種用法的有:foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful細心的,patient耐心的,lazy懶惰的,silly傻的,rude粗魯?shù)?polite禮貌的,impolite無禮的等表達人的特性、性格的形容詞。(“be”動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表達人的行為,純粹表達心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動時或主語不是人時,“be”動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時)如:Iamhappy.(表語是純粹的心理狀態(tài),不可用ambeing)我不久樂。He'stired.(表語是純粹的生理狀態(tài),不可用isbeing)他很疲倦。It'shottoday.(主語不是人,不可用isbeing)今天很熱。常和現(xiàn)在進行時連用的時間狀語用法實例:(1)當句子中有now時,常表達動作正在進行,這時要用現(xiàn)在進行時。如:Theyareplayingbasketballnow.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。(2)以look,listen開頭的句子,提醒我們動作正進行,這時要用現(xiàn)在進行時。如:Listen!SheissinginganEnglishsong.聽,她正在唱英語歌。(3)表達當前一段時間或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,且此時有thisweek,thesedays等時間狀語,這時常用現(xiàn)在進行時。如:Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.這些天我們在做飛機模型。(4)描述圖片中的人物的動作,也為了表達更生動。此時也常用現(xiàn)在進行時。如:Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。一般結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句式:主語+be(am,is,are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否認句式:主語+be(am,is,are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.一般疑問句:Be(am,is,are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be(am,is,are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?對一般疑問句作答,肯定回答:yes,主語+be,否認回答:no,主語+benot對現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實際情況回答。Eg:Theyareworkingthesedays.Heisbuyingabike.Theyaren’tworkingthesedays.Heisn’tbuyingabike.Aretheyworkingthesedays?Ishebuyingabike?Whataretheydoingthesedays?Whatishedoing?現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有1、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ingJump——jumpinggo——goingpushing——pushingplay——playing2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,先去e,再加-ing.Take——takeingleave——leavingwrite——writinghave——having3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞,它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上-ing.Cut—cuttingput—puttingstop—stoppingfit—fittingbegin—beginningforget—forgetting4.以ie結(jié)尾的詞,將ie變?yōu)閥再加ingLie—lying練習(xí):盡管現(xiàn)在進行時比較簡樸,但在做題過程中也常會犯一些錯誤,常見的錯誤有如下幾種:自我檢測1、Look!He_____theirmotherdothehousework.A.ishelpingB.arehelpC.ishelpD.ishelpping2、_____aretheboysdoing?Theyaresingingintheroom.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Where3、Don’ttalkhere.Mymother_____.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep4、Danny______.Don’tcallhim.A.iswriteingB.iswritingC.writingD.writes5、–When_____he_____back?–Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming6、It’steno’clock.Mymother_____(lie)inbed.7、What____he_____(mend)?8、We_____(play)gamesnow.9、What(yī)____you____(do)thessedays?10、____he___(clean)theclassroom?11、Who____(sing)inthenextroom?12、Thegirl____(like)wearingasweater.Look!She____(wear)aredsweatertoday.答案:1islying2ismending3areplaying4aredoing5Iscleaning6issinging7likes;iswearing注意:把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易犯錯例:1、Theyareswiming.(swim)2、Jennyisplaiing(play)football.答案:1.swimming2.playing丟掉be動詞或忘掉把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞例:1、Look,twochildrenflying.(fly)akiteinthepark.2、LiMingisn’tread(notread)abookinbednow.答案:1areflying2isn’treading解析:現(xiàn)在進行時肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為:“be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點必須牢記。對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing例:1、Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.(對劃線部分提問)Whatarethestudentsintheroom?答案:Whatarethestudentsdoingintheroom?解析:現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中對動作提問可記住此句式“What+be+主語+doing+其它?”現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式例:孩子們在跑還是在跳?Arethechildrenrunningorjump?答案:Arethechildrenrunningorjumping?解析:or連接的是兩個并列成分,動詞形式須一致。課時四介詞知識點1.in;on;at用在時間詞前,表“在”1)at+具體時刻2)on+具體某天(具體某天的上、下午等;星期詞;以及上、下午詞前有修飾詞時)3)in+年、月、季節(jié)及一天中的某部分但注意:atnight=inthenightatnoonatthis/thattimeatChristmaseg.1.___themorning2.___Mondaymorning3.___arainyevening4.___3:505.__20236.___themorningofApril107.___spring8.___night9.___thistime10.___March此外注意:在時間詞(morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday…)前有l(wèi)ast,next,this,that時,不再用介詞.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介詞。eg.Iwillgo(A)tothecinema(B)in(C)thisevening.2.in,on,at表地點:at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi);on往往表達“在某個物體的表面”。例如:eg.1)Hearrived___Shanghaiyesterday.2)Theyarrived___asmallvillagebeforedark.3)Thereisabighole____thewall.4)Theteacherputupa
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