某年交大工程碩士英語考試真題

2008年西安交通大學(xué)（工程碩士）專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生試題考試科目基礎(chǔ)英語考試日期2008年4月26日考試地點TimeAllowed:150MIN.PartI:StructureandVocabulary(20)SectionADirections:Inthissectionthereare30incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA.B.C.andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Peopleallovertheworldhavelearnedto_______solarpowerasasourceofenergy.

A.expend B.utilize C.consume D.destroyPleaseturnofftheTV.Thenoisewill_______youfromyourwork.

A.abstract B.distract C.subtract D.extractThepossessionoflanguageenablesmantopassonhis_______hischildrenandgrandchildren.

A.intellect B.intelligence C.wisdom D.brainsItcanbehardworkteachingaclassof_______children.

A.live B.alive C.life D.livelyTodaymanyyoungpeople’sambitionistofindawell-paid_______atamulti-nationalcorporation.

A.job B.work C.career D.occupationTherewas_______competitionamongyouthstoenterthebestcolleges.

A.tense B.intensive C.intense D.extensiveToenjoyapicniconthebeachismyfather’s_______fortheweekend.

A.advice B.proposal C.suggestion D.scheduleHeisjustamanof_______heightandhehasnodifferencesfromotherintermsofappearance.

A.average B.common C.ordinary D.standardTheenterprise_______throughlackofsupport.

A.collapse B.falls C.fell D.collapsedEducationshouldaimto_______children’smindtoitsutmostpotential.

A.harness B.cultivate C.use D.fosterMedicinehasalwaysbeenaverymale-dominated_____. A.occupation B.profession C.career D.jobAffairsbetweendoctorsandpatientsareamatterof_____. A.rules B.morals C.criteria D.ethicsThisprojecthasbeengrantedanannual_____of$40million. A.fund B.payment C.budget D.capitalIcannotbelievethatitis_____tospendsomuchmoneyonit. A.sensible B.sensitive C.sensory D.sensationalOnlypartofyourcharacterisinheritedfromyourparents.Therestcomesfromyour_____. A.surroundings B.circumstances C.environment D.conditionWhatwearetryingtodoisto_____youngpeopletoberesponsiblecitizens.A.teach B.educate C.instruct D.trainThemodernworld’spursuitofmaterialendstotheneglectofits_____needs. A.spiritual B.intellectual C.mental D.intelligentDuetoroadworks,threelanesoftraffichaveto_____intotwo. A.diverge B.divert C.converge D.divideIfhe_____inaskingawkwardquestions,thensendhimtotheboss. A.continues B.persists C.proceeds D.insistsTomis_____enoughtoaspiretoconversationalfluencyinChineseintwomonths. A.competitive B.successful C.energetic D.ambitiousScienceandtechnologyhaveinimportantways_____totheimprovementofagriculturalproduction. A.witnessed B.assisted C.attached D.contributedManypeoplebelieveweareheadingforenvironmentaldisaster______weradicallychangewaywe

live.A.but B.although C.unless D.lestForprofessionalathletes,_____totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybooks.A.access B.attachment C.appeal D.approachThenativeCanadianslivedin_____withnature,fortheyrespectednatureasaprovideroflife.A.coordination B.acquaintance C.contact D.harmonyThemayor_____thepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims. A.rewarded B.awarded C.credited D.prizedThewriterwasso______inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticehimentertheroom_____. A.absorbed B.abandoned C.focused D.centeredIntheMediterraneanseaweedissoabundantandsoeasilyharvestedthatitisneverofgreat_____. A.fare B.payment C.worth D.expenseWiththeincreasingunemploymentrate,workerswhoare50to60yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe_____. A.laidaside B.laidout C.laidup D.laidoffLungcancer,likesomeothercancers,oftendoesn'tproduce_____untilitistoolateandhasspreadbeyondthechesttothebrain,liverorbones. A.symbols B.trails C.therapies D.symptomsTom,diditever_____toyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexams?A.strike B.happen C.occur D.reflectSectionBDirections:Inthissectionthereare10sentences.Eachofthesentenceshasanunderlinedpart.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestkeepsthemeaningoftheunderlinedpart.MarkyouranswerontheANWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Behindtheseobviousridiculousmotivestoanti-Jewishattitudestherewasadeepercause.

A.unreasonable B.sad C.reasonable D.encouragingTheyacknowledgedhimtobethetrueGod.

A.received B.admitted C.thought D.believedThesafetyfactorisprimaryinallunderwateroperations.

A.perfect B.thefullview C.maximum D.principalTheBasqueseparatistmovementiswagingacampaignagainsttheGovernment

A.conducting B.planning C.paying D.engagingTheLondonstockmarketsurgedtoitshighestlevel.

A.movedbackward B.repeated C.supported D.movedupwardHehascommittedsuchablunder,noonecansavehimthistime.

A.made B.met C.ceased D.createdSophisticatededitfacilitiesallowcomplicatedmusicalformstobecreated.

A.Expensive B.Highquality C.Clever D.ComplicatedHewasescortedbyagroupofsoldiersunderthecommandofSarsfield.

A.safe-guarded B.captured C.arrested D.leadTheyoungmandreamedthatarichrelativewoulddieandleavehimalegacy.

A.heritage B.will C.house D.lotofmoneyJoywasnowhavingherhairdone,seatedonamatonthefloor.

A.chair B.bench C.smallcarpet D.stoolPartII:Cloze(10)Ineverycultivatedlanguage,therearetwogreatclassesofwordswhich,takentogether,comprisethewholevocabulary.First,therearethosewords____41____whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversation,whichwe____42____,thatistosay,fromthe____43____ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociates,and____44____weshouldknowanduse____45____wecouldnotreadorwrite.They____46____thecommonthingsoflife,andarethestockintradeofallwho____47____thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled“popular”,sincetheybelongtothepeople____48____andarenottheexclusive____49____ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhand,ourlanguage____50____amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively____51____usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedperson,butthereislittle____52____tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our____53____acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's____54____orfromthetalkofourschool-mates,____55____frombooksthatweread,lecturesthatwe____56____,orthemore____57____conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular____58____inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual____59____ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled“l(fā)earned”,andthe____60____betweenthemandthe“popular”wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.A.at B.with C.by D.throughA.study B.imitate C.stimulate D.learnA.mates B.relatives C.members D.fellowsA.which B.that C.those D.onesA.even B.despite C.evenif D.inspiteofA.mind B.concern C.care D.involveA.hire B.apply C.adopt D.useA.inpublic B.atmost C.atlarge D.atbestA.right B.privilege C.share D.possessionA.consists B.comprises C.constitutes D.composesA.seldom B.much C.never D.oftenA.prospect B.way C.reason D.necessityA.primary B.first C.principal D.priorA.tips B.mouth C.lips D.tongueA.besides B.and C.or D.butA.hearof B.attend C.hearfrom D.listenA.former B.formula C.formal D.formativeA.theme B.topic C.idea D.pointA.border B.link C.degree D.extentA.diversion B.distinction C.diversity D.similarityPartIIIReadingComprehension(40)Directions:Inthispart,you’llreadfivepassages.Aftereachpassage,therearefourquestionsforyoutoanswer,pleasemarkyouranswersonyouranswersheet.PassageOneWhileanythingcanhappenintheworldofgold,nooneexpectsbullionpricetoriseanytimesoon.DesperationsalesbyAsiancitizensandgovernmentshavebeendepressinggoldpricesformonths.Atthisautumn’spriceofabout$290anounce,goldisgoingfor10percentlessthanlastfalland25percentlessthanin1996.Americanjewelrycountersbarelyreflectthatsteepdecline.AsurveybytheWorldGoldCouncilfoundthatAmericanspaidabout$83forthetypicalpieceofgoldjewelrythissummer,downabout$2fromwhattheypaidin1996.“Mostretailjewelershaveloweredprices,”saysMichaelPaolercio,CEOofMichaelAnthonyJewelers,oneofthenation’slargestmanufacturersofgoldjewelry.“Havetheyloweredthemdollarfordollar?No.”Shopperselsewherebuygoldjewelrywiththesharpeyeofaninvestor.ButU.S.shoppersgrabgoldlikeblindedmagpies,andtheyseemtodisregardprices.Ina1997surveyof2,107Americans,theWorldGoldCouncilfoundthat85percentdidn’tknowaboutthedailypriceofgold.Worse,almosthalfofthosewhothoughttheyknewwerewayoff.Asaresult,thecheapercostofrawgoldhasgenerallymeanthigherprofitsforretailers.ZaleCorp.,thenation’slargestjewelryretailer,forexample,sawprofitsrise36percentintheyearendingJuly31,whilesalesroseonly9percent.Thegoldbusinesshasalonghistoryoftakingadvantageofconsumers.Whiletodaymostjewelerswon’toutrightlie,manyholdbackinformationtomakeitdifficulttocomparison-shop.WhenaU.S.Newsreportervisited10jewelers,departmentstores,anddiscountoutletslastweek,onlytwoshopswerewillingtorevealtheweightofagoldnecklace.Still,itispossibletobuylow.ThattheretailjewelrypricesremainhighintheUnitedStatescanbeaccountedforbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.AAsiancitizensandgovernmentshavebeensellinggoldBjewelrypricesdonotfallasmuchasgoldpricesdoCU.S.shoppersarenotsmartenoughDjewelryretailersgethigherprofitsWhatdoes“they”(Par.2,lastsentence)referto?

ARetailjewelers BPrice

CJewels DJewelrymanufacturersWhatdoes“wayoff”(Par.3,lastsentence)mean?ALosingtheirway BGoingoutoftheirwayCNotright DGoinginthewrongdirectionWhatdoes“outright”(Par.5,sentence2)mean?ARightfullyBWronglyCDirectlyDOpenlyThelastparagraphislikelytobefollowedby_____.

AhowtoeducateU.S.shoppersofgoldjewelry

Btechniquesofbuyinggoldjewelry

Ctechniquesofinvestingingoldjewelry

DcasesinwhichsteepdeclineingoldpricesleadtosteepdeclineinjewelrypricesPassageTwoTeachersalwaysplandowntotheminutewhattheirstudentswillbedoing.Thisisgoodforkids,becauseitteachesthemtostayontaskandfollowaschedule.Butmosthomesaren’trunthisway.Ifparentsdoplantheirchildren’slivesminutebyminute,whathappenswhenthatchildgrowsupandgoestocollege?Atsomepoint,kidsneedtolearntomanagetheirowntime.Thiscanbeoneofthevaluableskillsyouhelpyourkidsdevelopoutsideofschool.Butitgenerallywon’thappenallbyitself,becausethere’sabigtransitionthathappenswhenkidsleavethestructuredschoolenvironmentandcomehome.Ifyouhavekidstayaloneathome,thinkhardabouttryingtofindanadultwhocanbethereandprovidethesupportyourchildneeds.Ifasupportiveadultisn’tavailable,anexpertnamedMartinrecommendsyoufindanafter-schoolprogramledbyexperiencedprofessionalswhowillengagethemincreativeactivities,nourishthemwithhealthysnacks,andassistthemwiththeirschoolwork.Ifyouareathomeonthecontrary,totakesomebreakaftertheguysgetstartedondiversions,becauseit’shardtostopanddosomethinglikehomework.“Ifthatlittlebitofdowntimeistelevision,goodluck...gettingthemtodotheirhomework.”saysaprofessorofchilddevelopmentatCaliforniaStateUniversity,“TVisaddictive.”Abetterwaytohelpyourchildunwindiswithahealthysnack.“Waituntildinner,makeaplatefullofenergizingfood.Youcouldevendishuppartofthedinneryou’repreparingalittleearlyforthekids,”shesays.Whileyou’resharingasnack,youcanmakealistofwhatyourkidswillgettododuringtheirstudybreaks.Thetypesofbreaksrecommendedincludeshootingbaskets,gettingadrink,usingthebathroom,orevenplayingaquickcardgamewithparents.Yourkidscanbetheonestodecidewhichbreaksthey’dliketotake.But,asFreimuthsays,yourchildrenwillhavetobehonestaboutwhatkindofbreakwillenergizethemandnotupsettheirmomentum.Themainpurposeofthispassageis_______.A.toprovidesomeadvicefortheparentsaboutchildren’seducationB.toexplainhowtoprepareaprettysnackforyourchildrenC.toexplainwhytheparentsspoiltheirchildrenD.todescribechildren’slivesafterschoolThewords“thisway”inthesentence“Butmosthomesaren’trunthisway”inthefirstparagraphmostpossiblymeans_______.A.tostayonthetaskB.toarrangeeverythingindetailsC.togivesomelessonstochildrenD.tobehaveinthestructuredschoolAccordingtothepassage,theexpertnamedMartin,appearinginthesecondparagraph,mostprobablytakesupthefollowingjobsEXCEPT_______.A.aspecialistinchildreneducationB.aprofessionalconsultantinanafter-schoolprogramC.theleaderofaresearchgroupaboutsports,suchasbasketballD.mostlythesameaswhatFreimuth(inthelastparagraph)doesAccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,theappropriatesnacksthattheparentsprovidewill_______.A.upsetthechildren’smomentumB.exhaustthembylotsofdirtydishesC.makethechildrengetaddictedtoTVD.bringmoreenergytochildrenWhichofthefollowingisNOTrecommendedforthebreakduringthechildren’sstudyafterclass?A.Shootbaskets.B.Playsomegameswithparents.C.Goouttodrinksomebeverageinabarforalongtime.D.Relaxabitbyusingthebathroom.PassageThreeAnAsianengineerwasassignedtoaU.Slaboratoryandalmostsufferedanervousbreakdown.AJapanesemanagerwaspromotedbyhisBritishpresident,butwithinsixmonthsaskedforatransfer.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture”,saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferingcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.“NevershowtheshoetoanArab,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthinkYESmeansYES”,advisesU.S.consultantLennieCopland,whohasproducedaseriesoffilms,andabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts”isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplains.“Youtoldustobefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“Ittookmeayearandahalf”,sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethatFAIR,tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofmistakenexpectations.“HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.manager.“Butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturaldifference.”TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn’tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saidEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeit’sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”ThatiswhyIntel,withClarkeasconsultant,hasbegunaninterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe_______.A.BuildingBridgesOverCulturalRiversB.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessmenC.LearningDifferentThinkingPatternsD.CommunicationProblemsandComplaintsFromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto_______.A.balcony B.featC.nonsense D.implicityWhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreases.D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor_______.A.Americanmanagers B.multinationalcompaniesC.Japaneseemployees D.consultingfirmsWhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskforatransfer?A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.PassageFourWhenDonaldTrumpfiredErekaVetrinionTVafewweeksago,hecitedherinabilitytocontrolheremotions.Duringthatepisodeof“TheApprentice,”aseriesinwhichMr.Trumpfiresonecontestantpershow,Ms.VetriniappearedoverwhelmedasshetriedtotallyreceiptsfromtheTrump-brandedbottledwaterherteamhadtosell.Expressingemotionisoneofthetrickiestworkplaceissues.Thereisanemotionalcomponentinallofourinterpersonaldealings,andmanyexpertssaythatwhileyourcognitiveintelligenceoftenplaysastrongerroleinhelpingyougethired,itisyour“emotionalintelligence”thatdetermineswhereyouendupinyourcareer.Ingeneral,emotionalintelligenceissimplyyourcapacitytodealeffectivelywithyourownandothers’emotions.Intheworkplace,itcandeterminehowconfidentyouare,howwellyoutaketheinitiative,howeffectiveateamplayeryouare,andhowwellyouhandleconflicts.ThenotionofemotionalintelligencewaspopularizedbyDanielGoleman,followingontheworkofclinicalpsychologistssuchasReuvenBar-Onwhocoinedtheterm“emotionalquotient”toassessemotionalcompetence.AccordingtoDr.Goleman,recentresearchshowsthatemotionsplayanimportantpartinwhogetspromotedandwhogetsfired.Ofalltheskillsthatdistinguishleaderswhoreachthehighestlevelsofcorporations,theonethatstandsoutistheabilitytokeepcalmunderpressure,saysDr.Goleman,whoinhisbook“PrimalLeadership”looksathowemotionalintelligenceaffectsleadership.Thebestleaders,heholds,arepeoplewhoarecomfortablewithemotion.Dr.Golemansaysanyonecanlearntoincreasehisorheremotionalintelligenceatanypoint.Thequickestandmosteffectiveway,hesays,istogethonestfeedbackfrompeoplearoundyouandtodevelopaprofileofyourperceivedstrengthsandweaknesses.ThisstrategyhelpedPeterBenton,39,develophisleadershipabilitiesandgetassessmentsofhisemotionalintelligence.Workingwithacoach,hegothisboss,severalpeersandanumberofemployeeswhoreportedtohimtoprovidefeedback.AlthoughMr.BentonrecentlyleftJohnson&Johnson,wherehewasavicepresident,asaresultofarestructuring,hesaysthecoachinghelpedhimdevelopanumberofskillsathispreviouspost,includingmaintainingcalmunderpressure.Heknewhewasontherighttrack,hesays,whenasubordinatecameuptohimonedayandsaid,“Idon’tknowwhatyou’redoingdifferentlylately,butyou’reactinglikeadifferentperson,andIfeelwe’remoreofateam.”Forpeopleinterestedinincreasingtheiremotionalintelligenceatwork,thereareagrowingnumberofassessmenttoolsthatcanhelp.TheGenosE.I.Assessment,forexample,consistsof64questionsandcanbecompletedinabout15minutes.CarmineLeo,aCornville,Maine,coachwhoisalsodirectorforemotional-intelligencedevelopmentservicesattheInstituteforProfessionalEmpowermentCoaching,workswiththetoolandsaysitprovidesawaytomeasureskillsbeforeandaftercoaching.Yetimprovingemotionalintelligencedoesn’tmeanerasingnegativeemotions.“Wesometimesgotoofarinkillingoffwhatisanecessaryamountoftensionandtheabilitytoresolvesituationsthroughargument,”saysHerbRappaport,aprofessorofpsychologyatTempleUniversity,whospendsathirdofhistimeasaleadershipconsultant.Prof.Rappaportsaysthathewasrecentlyhiredbyacompanytoworkwithanemployeewhohadbeenaccusedofverbalabusebutthathebelievedwasmerelybeingdirectandconfrontational.“Sometimestherearenegativeemotionsthatneedtobeprocessed,”hesays.Prof.Rappaportalsocautionspeopletobewaryofcoachesadvertisingfastresults,sincemanybehaviorsaredeeplyrootedanddifficulttochange.“Beingempathicisnotaskillyoucanteachinacoupleofdown-and-dirtylessons,”hesays.Thepassagemainlytellsus________A.whatisemotionalintelligenceB.howtoincreaseyouremotionalintelligenceC.howthenotionofemotionalintelligencebecamepopularD.howemotionalintelligencecouldaffectyourcareerWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutemotionalintelligenceisNOTtrue?A.Emo