ethnicfestivals少數(shù)民族節(jié)日英語

PartOneEthnicFestivals一、FestivalsofBaiEthnicGroupMarchFairFestival:AlsoknownastheKwan-yinFair,isoneofthemostimportantfestivals.ItisheldannuallyatthefootoftheDiancangMountaininthewestofDalicity.Thefairlastsfromthe15thto20thinthethirdmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar.Ofreligiousorigin,ithasbecomecommercial.

ThisoldethniccarnivalfirstappearedinTangDynastyhasahistoryofmorethanonethousandyears.Theactivitiesduringthefestivalmainlyincludethetradingofbigcattle,herbs,speciallocalproductsanddailynecessities.Duringthefestival,performersfromdifferentcountiesgivewonderfulperformancesinthestreet,stagingBaioperasandplayingmusicintheopen.Ridersofdifferentnationalitieswillenterthehorserace.TorchFestival:Onthe25thofthesixthmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar,theBaicelebratetheannualTorchFestivalinaspecialway.Theywearcostumesandbutcherpigsandsheepforafeast.Childrendyetheirfingernailsredwithakindofflowerroot.2.FestivalofDaiEthnicGroupTheWater-splashingFestivalisthemostimportantoccasioninthearea,whichseemstoinjectabitoflifeintotheuneventfulregion.Thewholecommunityandtouristsalikewillbeoutinthestreetsjoyfullyjoininginabattleofwatersplashingontoeachotherduringthatday.Thecityturnsouttobeaseaofbillow（bigwaves)andspray.

TheWaterSplashingceremony,duringtheNewYearcelebrationsoftheDaiCalendar,ismorethanjustgood-naturedfun;italsocontainsareligiouselement:waterisregardedbytheDaiasasymbol,firstly,ofreligiouspurity,butalsoofgoodwillamongpeople.Therefore,splashingafellowhumanbeingwithwaterduringtheWaterSplashingFestival,whetheracloseneighbororafellowvillager,orevenastranger,isanexpressionofthedesireforgoodluckandprosperitytothatperson.3.FestivalsofDongEthnicGroupDongNewYear:

TheDongNewYearisaveryimportantoccasionfortheDongEthnicpeopleastheNewYearFestivaltotheHanChinese.DaysbeforetheNewYear,Dongpeoplemakenewclothes,cleantheirhouses,makeglutinousricecakes,slaughterpigs,cattleforfeasts..BullfightingFestival:

Dongpeopleenjoybullfighting,soallthevillagesraisebuffaloeswhicharegoodfighters.ThefestivaliscelebratedonHaidayin

theeightorninthmonths.4.FestivalsofMiaoEthnicGroupMiaoNewYear:ThecelebrationoftheMiaoNewYearinLeishan,GuizhouProvinceisthegrandestamongMiaofestivities.DuringtheeventtouristscanenjoywatchingenchantingMiaocustomscomealivethroughvariouskindsofethnicactivities.TheseincludethefestivalparadethatfeaturesMiaogirlsandwomenintraditionalMiaodress,thetraditionalmusicoftheLusheng(akindofmusicalinstrumentmadeofbamboo),bullfights,horseracing,andofcourse,lotsofsinginganddancing.LushengFestival:TheLushengFestivalisthemostinfluentialfestivaloftheMiaocommunity.

ItispopularthroughoutGuizhou,Yunnan,andSichuanProvinces,theLushengFestivalinKaili,Guizhoubeingthemostfamousandgrandofthebunch.Itbeginsonthe16thofthefirstlunarmonth,andclimaxesonthe19thand20th..Sisters’MealFestival:

TheSisters’MealsfestivaliscelebratedbytheMiaopeopleinsouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,especiallyintheTaijiangandJianheCountiesalongthebanksoftheQingshuiRiver.ItistheoldestAsianValentine’sDay.

BullfightingFestivalofMiaoEthnicPeople:

Whenthebullfightingfestivalcomes,thecompetitiontakesplace.Theownerswillfeedtheirbullswithglutinousriceandsometimestheyevenservethemoneortwoliangalcohol.Hundredsofotherbulls(thebullswillcometotakepartintheevent)willbeherdedtothefightingvenuetowatchtheeventandatthesametimeencouragetheirheroonthestage.Thebullsgainingthefirst,secondandthirdplaceswillbeawardedbyabanner.TheDragon-boatFestivaloftheMiao

TheDragonboatfestivalisoneofthemostimportantcelebrationstotheMiaopeoplewholivealongtheQingShuiJiang(River)inthesoutheastofGuiZhouProvince.Everyyearbetween30,000to40,000Miaopeoplewilltakepartinthisfestival.FortheMiaopeople,thedragonisthesymbolforgoodandluck.Miaogirlsliketoadorntheirhairwithsilverornamentsshapedlikedragonsandwearclothesembroideredorwovenwithdragonpatterns.Thisfestivalfallsbetweenthe24thandthe27thofthefifthlunarmonthandisseparatedinoriginfromtheHanpeople’sfestivalofthesamename..TheMiaooncebelievedinmanygods,worshippingnature’spowerandtheirancestors;theyneededblessingsfromtheminordertofend(protect)offevilspiritsandgetridofdisease.Thefestival’soriginsliewiththelegendoftheblackdragonwhichlivedintheDoushuiRiveranditwascrueltotheriverpeople.Oneday,thedragonkidnappedthesonofanoldfisherman,whothendecidedtokillthedragonandrescuehisson.Divingintothedragoncaveunderthesea,carryingkindlingandasteelknife,hefoughtwiththedragonforninedaysandnights,choppedthedragoninthree,rescuedhissonandsetfiretothecave.Thecorpseoftheburningdragonsentwavesofthicksmokeovertheriver,andbothheavenandearthwereindarknessandchaos.AMiaogirldroppedherladle(長柄勺）intotheriverandreachedinwithhershoulderpole（扁擔(dān)）toretrieve(getitbackagain)it.Whenthepolereachedtheladle,heavenbrightenedwiththesplash,thedarknessdisappearedandtheearthbecamebrightagain.Dragon-shapedboatrowingcontestsarenowheldontheDoushuiRiverbytheMiaopeopletocelebratethebraveryofthefishermanandthegirl.5.FestivalsofNaxiEthnicGroupMuleandHorseFair:TheNaxipeoplehavelonghadatraditionofraisingfinehorses.Theircaravans（旅行隊(duì)）

haveremainedprosperousoverhundredsofyears,reachingDali,KunmingandevenLhasa.DuringtheMing(CE1368-1644)Dynasty,thefeudalheadmanfromLijiang,Mude,wasevenpermittedtopayhisannualtributetotheemperorintheformofLijianghorsesinsteadofcurrency.Sincethen,Lijianghorseshavebecomewell-known.Withthedevelopmentofthemoderntradeeconomy,Lijianghorseshavebecomeabrandname,andthereforeanannualhorseandmulefairhasbeenformed.

6.Mogolian’sfestivalsTheNadamFestivalisheldeachsummerorautumnwhenthegrasslandsareattheirmostscenicandherdsarefat.Ittypicallylaststhreetosevendays,andattractshorsemenwearingnewethniccostumes,withtheiryurts（圓頂帳篷）

andmeatandmilkproductsonlightwoodencarts.Peoplesimmerteaandstewmeatwhilepitchingtheiryurts.TheNadamFestival,meaning"entertainment"or"recreation"inMongolian,originatedintheearlydaysofthe13thcenturyandisamasstraditionalMongolianfestival.

Sinceitsbirth,the"threeskills"--wrestling,horse-racing,archery--havebeenakeypartoftheNadamactivities.Inthepast,winnersofthethreesportswouldbegivenhorses,camels,sheep,bricktea,andsilkasprizes.Inmoderntimes,moreactivitieshavebeenadded,suchaspolo,horsemanship,trackandfield,andballcompetitions.Fromancienttimes,thethreeskillshavebeenusedasstandardstojudgeability.Suchactivitiescanbeperformedanytimeandanywhere,sincespecialfields,equipmentorafixednumberofpeoplearenotnecessary.Assuchthethreeskillsarenotonlyreservedforthefestival,butarealsoperformedateventssuchasweddingsandfunerals.Manyevenpracticetheseeventsintheirsparetime.TheHorseMilkFestival

Augustisthegoldenseasonofthegrasslandwithabundantgrassandstronglivestock.AttheendofAugustinlunarcalendar,theMongolianswillholdaMareMilkFestivalforawholeday.ThisMongoliantraditionalfestivaliscommonlyseenonXilin

GolGrasslandinInnerMongolia.Inseasonoftheharvest,theherdsmennamethisfestivalwithwhitemaremilk,wishingforhealth,happiness,goodluckandprosperousforbothmanandlivestock.

7.TibetanFestivalsTibetanShotonFestival

（Shoton(yohgurt)festivalTibetShotonFestival,asoneofgreattraditionalfestivalsinLhasa,isalsoknownasSourMilkDrinkingFestival.Itisheldyearlybetweenthe15thdayofthesixthmonthofTibetancalendarandthe30thdayoftheseventhTibetanmonth.ThecelebrationofShotonFestivalwasoriginallyareligiousactivityinwhichsecular（平凡的）peoplesacrificedsourmilktomonkswhohadjustfinishedspiritualcultivation（修煉）inthecloset（密室）.Themaskedoperaisperformedjustasitwasover300yearsago.ItwasthefirstartformaddedtotheShotonFestival,whichservedonlyasareligiousritualpriortothe17thcentury.Backthen,theTibetanBuddhistmonksreservedthemonthofJuneonTibetancalendarformediationandself-cultivation.AndfromJuly1st,themonkswereagainallowedtogooutofthemonasteries（修道院,僧侶）,whenlocalresidentswouldofferalms（救濟(jì)品,高山草旬）ofyogurt.SoShotonFestivalisalsocalled"Yoghurt"festival.

ItisoneofthemajorfestivalsinTibet,alsoknownastheTibetanOperaFestival.ThefounderoftheGelugpa(YellowSectofBuddhism),TsongkhapasettherulethatBuddhistscancultivatethemselvesonlyindoorinsummer,toavoidkillingothercreaturescarelessly.Thisrulemustbecarriedouttilltheseventhlunarmonth.ThenBuddhistsgooutdoors,acceptyoghurtservedbylocalpeople,andhavefun.Sincethemiddleof17thcentury,theFifthDalaiLamaaddedoperaperformancetothisfestival.FamousTibetanoperatroupesperforminNorbulingka(DalaiLama'ssummerpalace).

TibetanNewYear

TheTibetanNewyear,alsoknownasLosar,isthemostimportantfestivalintheTibetancalendar.Itiscelebratedoveraperiodof2weeks,generallyduringthemonthsofDecemberandJanuary.LosarfestivaliscelebratedbyTibetanpeople.andismarkedwithancientceremoniesthatrepresentsthestrugglebetweengoodandevil,bychanting,andbypassingfiretorchesthroughthecrowds.ItisthegreatestfestivalinTibet.Inancienttimeswhenthepeachtreewasinblossom,itwasconsideredasthestartingofanewyear.SincethesystematizationoftheTibetancalendarin1027AD.,thefirstdayofthefirstmonthbecamefixedastheNewYear.OntheNewYear‘sDay,theauspiciouswords“tashi

delek”aregreeted。SponsoredbytheGansuProvincialTourismBureauandtheShenzhenSplendidChinaDevelopmentCo.,Ltd,aTibetanfestivitytitled“ShambhalaFolklores”openedinGannan

TibetanAutonomousPrefecture（地方官的任期,轄區(qū)）,southeasternGansuProvinceonMay1.Tobeperformedduringthefive-dayfestivityarevariouskindsofintangibleTibetanheritagesincludingTibetansongsanddances.OndisplaywillbecolorfulTibetancostumes,highlandbarleyliquorandpreciousThangka(aTibetanartofscrollpainting)paintingscollectedbytheLabrangMonastery。

8.TheNew-riceFestivaloftheVa

TheNewRiceFestivalfortheVapeopleiscelebratedinthemiddleoftheeighthlunarmonth.TheVapeoplecallthemselvesAVa,whichmeans'peopleofthemountains'.AutumnisthebusiestseasonfortheVaandtheNewRiceFestivalistheirfavourite.Forthebeginningofthefestival,theVapeoplepicksomegrainsthathasjustbecomeripeandbringthemhome.Thegrainsarepoundedintoricewhichwascookedandfilledintosevenbowls,eachwithabigpieceofmeatonit.ThesevenbowlsofriceareservedupwithsevenbowlsofwinefortheGodofHeaven,Earth,Mountain,Grain,andtheirancestorsrespectively.Sevenincensesarealsoburnedbeforeanoldrespectablemanbeginspraying.Thenthenewricewassenttoagedpeopleandkids.TheVapeopleconsidertheoldandthekidsasthe"cleanestpeople"intheworld.Theritualjustsymbolizestheirworshipforgodandancestors,andrespectfortheoldandloveforkids.Aftertheduskfalls,theVapeoplegatheredsurroundingafireandstartedsingingalloverthenight.Ifavisitorcomesfromafar,thehostwillofferhimwithhisbestwinewhichwasbrewedbythemselves,andbestchickenrice.Thehostwillhaveasup（啜飲）first,brushthebamboocupwithhisrighthandandpassthecupwithbothhishandstotheguest.Theguestissupposedtotakethewinewithhisrighthand,withhispalmupside,andexpresshisgratitude.Afterhavingasupjustlikethehostdid,theguestwillpassthecuptoothersasthesamewaythehostdid.Allpeoplesupthewineinturn,usingthesamecupnomatterhowmanyguestsarethere.9.Uiguy’sfestivalofFast-breaking（開齋節(jié)）TheIslamicfaithfulobservetodaytheendoftheholymonthofRamadan,Eid’l

Fitr.DuringthemonthofRamadan,Muslimsobserveastrictfastandparticipateinpiousactivitiessuchascharitable-givingandpeacemaking.Itisa