第三課名詞性從句及主語(yǔ)從句

名詞性從句本節(jié)課的要點(diǎn)

明確名詞從句的分類和概念

掌握名詞從句的連接詞

名詞性從句：在句中起名詞作用的詞

主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句常規(guī)主語(yǔ)從句：Whose

watch

was

lost

isunknown.Whatwe

need

istime.Whatweneedaregooddoctors.形式主語(yǔ)It引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，主句置句末Itiscertainthathewill

win

thematch.Itistruethathehasmadea

very

importantdiscoveryinchemistry.Itisverylikelythattheywill

hold

ameeting.注意主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的辨析

主語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略

ItisLiLei’sbrotherthatyoumetinthestreetyesterday.

本句若將Itis及that同時(shí)省去為：YoumetLiLei’sbrotherinthestreetyesterday.

ItisexcitingthatwehavesucceededinsendingupShenzhou.

本句若將Itis及that同時(shí)省去為：WehavesucceededexcitinginsendingupShenzhou賓語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句

動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

Ihave

found

outthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyou

turn

themin.I

think

itnecessarythatwetakeplentyof

hot

water

everyday.Hetoldusthattheywould

help

usthoughthe

wholework.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

用wh-類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句Weare

talkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoour

club用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedto

work

withacompany.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsure（that）

Iwill

pass

the

exam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.表語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+

關(guān)聯(lián)詞+表語(yǔ)從句系動(dòng)詞，亦稱連系動(dòng)詞作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。系動(dòng)詞分類1.可用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.他是一名教師。（表示主語(yǔ)的身份－－性質(zhì)）Heisill.他病了。（表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)）2.用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,rest,remain,

stay,

lie,

standHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一個(gè)謎。3.用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,

lookHelooksso

tired.他看起來(lái)很累。Heseems(tobe)

very

sad.他看起來(lái)很傷心。4.感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,

sound,

taste,look例如：This

kind

ofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsvery

sweet.5.變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become,grow,

turn,fall,get,go,come,

run,be.這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣例如：Hebecamemad

after

that.。Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6.表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"證實(shí)"，"變成"之意，

例如：The

rumor

proved

false.Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.一、名詞作表語(yǔ)Africaisa

big

continent.Thatremainsapuzzletome.二、代詞作表語(yǔ)

What’syourfaxnumber?

Who'syour

best

friend?三、形容詞作表語(yǔ)Ifeelmuchbetter

today.Heisoldbutheishealthy.四、數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.五、不定式作表語(yǔ)Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready.Herwishistobecomeasinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.六、介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)Thepatientisoutofdanger.Idon’tfeelatease.七.副詞作表語(yǔ)The

sun

isup.Imustbeoffnow.八.從句作表語(yǔ)Thisiswhathe

said.同位語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的從句從句作同位語(yǔ)表示與之同位的名詞（短語(yǔ)）的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞（短語(yǔ)）加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋。1.名詞作同位語(yǔ)MrWang,my

child’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.2.短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)I,theoldest

girl

inthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.3.直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds，“Didshe

die

young

becauseshewasaclone?”4.句子作同位語(yǔ)Thegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscan

sail

uptheGreatlakes.名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞分類并列連詞：連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句從屬連詞：用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句并列連詞并列關(guān)系and，both…and…，either…or…,neither…nor…,aswellas,notonly…but(also)…轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,yet,still,while選擇關(guān)系or,orelse,otherwise,neither…nor,either…or因果推理關(guān)系so,for,then,therefore連接詞

連接詞

意義

功能that

無(wú)詞匯意義

連接if

是否

連接whether...ornot

是否

連接連接詞僅起引導(dǎo)作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)功能eg:Thattheywillrefusetheofferisunlikely.Idon’tknowwhetherornot(=if)thesefiguresareaccurate.注意：whether可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句，if僅可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，而且不可接跟ornot.從屬連詞：連接詞（3），連接代詞（5），連接副詞（4）1、that（無(wú)詞義，不做成分）if，whether（表達(dá)是否的意義，但不做句子成分）2、連接代詞：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever,whoever,whichever（有詞義，在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）3、連接副詞：when，where，why，how，howmany，how

long，how

far，however，whenever，wherevernowthat（有詞義，作從句的狀語(yǔ)）

連接代詞

連接代詞

意義

功能What(whatever)

什么/...東西連接并替代名詞性成分which(whichever)

哪一個(gè)(些)，(可指人或物)連接并替代名詞性成分who/whom

誰(shuí)（主格）/誰(shuí)（空格）連接并替代名詞性成分whoever/whomever...人(主格)/...人(賓格)連接并替代名詞性成分whose

誰(shuí)的連接并替代形容詞性成分連接代詞除起連接作用外，還在從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等的語(yǔ)法功能。

eg:Thequestioniswhocanoperatethenewmachine.

Theyaskedwhoseideathiswas.

Which

(student/plan)isbetterisclearnow.

Thisiswhathehasaskedfor.what從句和that從句的比較。

what是連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞性成分，表示“...東西”，也就是說(shuō)它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)以名詞為中心詞的從句。that是連接詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)陳述句。Heshowedmewhathehadbought.Hetoldmethathehadboughtabook.

連接副詞

意義

功能when

什么時(shí)間

連接并替代時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where

什么地方

連接并替代地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why

為什么

連接并替代原因狀語(yǔ)how

怎樣，如何

連接并替代方式狀語(yǔ)連接副詞除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因和方式等狀語(yǔ)成分。Howwecanincreaseourproductionremainsaproblem.Tellmewhyyouwereabsentyesterday.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhereweshallperformtheexperiment.注意：從句都是陳述語(yǔ)序。練習(xí):判斷以下復(fù)合句屬于哪種名詞性從句1.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

2.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.3.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.

4.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.5.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.6.Wemust

never

think

(that)wearegoodineverything

while

othersaregoodinnothing.7.Thefactisthatwehave

lost

thegame.8.That’sjustwhatIwant.9.Thisiswhereourproblem

lies.10.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.11.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.

12.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback

home.13.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.主語(yǔ)從句

----------從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)連接詞:that，whetherthat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)Thattheboydidn’ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whethergotoatriphasn’tbeendecided.連接代詞:who,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoeverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whoevercomesiswelcome.Whereveryouareismyhome------myonlyhome.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.注意連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever等引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的含義Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingthat)Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)連接副詞:when,where,how,why…Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Wheretofindfantasticbeastsisstillunknown.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.Whyhediditremainsamystery.主語(yǔ)從句后置為了避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng)，句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ)。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.用it形式主語(yǔ)的that從句有以下五種不同的搭配：1.It+be+形容詞+that從句,(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)Itisnecessarythat有必要。。。Itisimportantthat重要的是。。。Itisobviousthat很明顯。。。2.It+be+-ed分詞+that從句(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)Itisbelievedthat人們相信。。。Itisknowntous/allthat眾所周知。。。Ithasbeendecidedthat已經(jīng)決定。。。3.It+be+名詞+that從句(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)Itiscommonknowledgethat。。。是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat令人驚奇的是。。。Itisafactthat事實(shí)是。。。4.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itappearsthat似乎。。。Ithappensthat碰巧。。。Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起。。。Itseemsthat看起來(lái)。。。5.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!Howluckyitisthatwefinallyarrivehere!主語(yǔ)從句需注意的問(wèn)題1.“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)有“whether”引導(dǎo)2.主語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)序3.主語(yǔ)從句的“that”一般不能省略4.“what”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：1）常與其后的名詞作表語(yǔ)一致2）根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境而定。1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whetherhewillcomehereisnotclear.Choicequestion1._____hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2._____wewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.Itworriedherabit____her

hairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when4.WhatIsayandthink_____noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasD.have1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.That

C.Whoever

D.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown4.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...does

D.That...does7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat8.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.that

C.whether

D.how9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.That

B.WhatC.HowD.Which10.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what11.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.Who

C.That

D.Whether12.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If

B.Whether

C.ThatD.Where13._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who14._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When

B.WhyC.WhatD.That15.______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.What

C.WhyD.This16______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedatto